Xinhua News Agency, Moscow, March 21st
Joint statement of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation on deepening the comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership in the new era
At the invitation of President Putin of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Leader of President People’s Republic of China (PRC) paid a state visit to the Russian Federation from March 20 to 22, 2023. The two heads of state held talks in Moscow. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader also met with Prime Minister Mishustin of the Russian Federation.
People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as "the parties") declare as follows:
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Thanks to the unremitting efforts of both sides, the comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation between China and Russia in the new era has reached the highest level in history and continued to develop. The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to the principles and spirit of the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation signed on July 16, 2001, the Joint Statement of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation on the 20th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation between China and Russia issued on June 28, 2021 and the Joint Statement of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Russian Federation on International Relations and Global Sustainable Development issued on February 4, 2022.
The two sides pointed out that Sino-Russian relations are not military and political alliances similar to those during the Cold War, but go beyond this model of state relations, with the nature of non-alignment, non-confrontation and non-targeting against third countries. Sino-Russian relations are mature, stable, independent and tenacious. They have withstood the test of the COVID-19 epidemic and the changing international situation, and are not affected by external factors, showing their vitality. The friendship between the two peoples for generations has a solid foundation, and all-round cooperation between the two countries has broad prospects. Russia needs a prosperous and stable China, and China needs a strong and successful Russia.
China and Russia regard each other as priority cooperation partners, always respect each other and treat each other as equals, which has become a model of today’s great power relations. Under the diplomatic guidance of the head of state, the two sides have maintained close contacts at all levels, conducted in-depth communication on major issues of mutual concern, enhanced mutual trust, and ensured that bilateral relations have always operated at a high level. They are willing to further deepen bilateral relations and develop dialogue mechanisms in various fields.
The two sides pointed out that the current changes in the world are accelerating, the international structure is profoundly adjusted, peace, development, cooperation and win-win are irresistible historical trends, the multi-polar international structure is accelerating, the status of emerging markets and developing countries is generally enhanced, and the number of regional powers with global influence and determination to defend their legitimate rights and interests is increasing. At the same time, hegemonism, unilateralism and protectionism are still rampant, and it is unacceptable to replace recognized principles and norms of international law with "rule-based order".
We should uphold the principles of universality, openness, inclusiveness, non-discrimination and taking into account the interests of all parties, so as to realize multi-polarization of the world and sustainable development of all countries. China and Russia call on all countries to carry forward the common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy and freedom, to talk without confrontation, to be inclusive without exclusion, to live in harmony, to win-win cooperation and to promote world peace and development.
Under this situation, the two sides maintain close diplomatic coordination, carry out close multilateral cooperation, resolutely defend fairness and justice, and promote the construction of new international relations.
The two sides stressed that consolidating and deepening China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of cooperation in the new era is a strategic choice made by both sides based on their respective national conditions, which conforms to the fundamental interests of the two countries and their peoples, conforms to the development trend of the times and is not affected by external influences. Both parties will:
— — Guided by the consensus of the two heads of state, ensure that bilateral relations always move in the right direction.
— — We firmly support each other in safeguarding their core interests, first of all, sovereignty, territorial integrity, security and development.
— — Adhering to the principle of mutual benefit, we will continue to deepen and expand pragmatic cooperation in the process of modernization, achieve common development and prosperity, and better benefit the Chinese and Russian peoples.
— — Promote mutual understanding and blind date between the two peoples, and constantly consolidate the social and public opinion foundation of friendship between the two countries for generations.
— — Promote world multipolarization, economic globalization and democratization of international relations, and promote the development of global governance in a more just and reasonable direction.
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The two sides pointed out that each country has its own history, culture and national conditions, and has the right to choose its own development path. There is no "democracy" that is superior to others. Both sides are opposed to imposing their own values on others, to drawing ideological lines, to the false narrative of "democracy against authoritarianism", and to using democracy and freedom as excuses and political tools to exert pressure on other countries. Russia attaches great importance to the global civilization initiative put forward by China.
The two sides pointed out that it is the common pursuit of human society to realize human rights for all. All countries have the right to choose their own path of human rights development, and different civilizations and countries should respect, tolerate, communicate and learn from each other. The two sides will unswervingly advance their own human rights cause and the world human rights cause.
Russia supports China to realize Chinese modernization. China supports Russia in achieving its national development goals by 2030.
Both sides oppose external interference in internal affairs.
China reaffirmed its adherence to the one-principle, recognized Taiwan Province as an inalienable part of China’s territory, opposed any form of "Taiwan independence" and firmly supported China’s measures to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The two sides agreed to strengthen the exchange of foreign-related rule of law and legislative experience to provide legal protection for the development of Sino-Russian relations and foreign cooperation between the two countries.
The two sides will continue to carry out mutual trust dialogue between the central authorities and their subordinate institutions, as well as between high-level representatives under the framework of strategic security consultation and law enforcement security cooperation mechanism. The two sides will promote political party exchanges between the two countries.
The two sides agreed to hold an annual meeting of ministers of public security and internal affairs through consultation, and to strengthen cooperation in law enforcement fields such as preventing the "color revolution" and cracking down on the "three forces" including the "East Iraqi Movement", transnational organized crime, economic crime and drug crime.
The two sides will regularly organize joint cruises and joint training at sea and in the air, strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two armies under the existing bilateral mechanism, and further deepen military mutual trust.
The two sides attach great importance to safeguarding the security and rights of overseas personnel and institutions of the two countries, and will further promote the construction of bilateral and multilateral mechanisms and counterpart exchanges, and continuously expand the ways and fields of cooperation in the security protection of overseas citizens, projects and institutions.
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The two sides will strengthen coordination, make precise policies and, from a strategic perspective, effectively enhance the level of pragmatic cooperation between the two countries in various fields, so as to consolidate the material foundation of bilateral relations and benefit the two peoples.
The two sides will consolidate the growth momentum of bilateral trade, continuously optimize the trade structure, implement the Roadmap for the High-quality Development of Sino-Russian Trade in Goods and Services, support the development of e-commerce, foster new growth points of economy and trade, expand the breadth of economic and trade cooperation, improve cooperation efficiency, minimize external risks, and ensure the stability and security of the supply chain of the industrial chain. The two sides will deepen local cooperation, broaden cooperation areas and fields, and promote exchanges and cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises of both sides.
The two sides will steadily promote investment cooperation in various fields, optimize the business environment, improve legal protection, innovate cooperation methods, and deepen cooperation in digital economy and green sustainable development. The two sides will continue to promote the preparation of the new version of the Outline of Sino-Russian Investment Cooperation Plan.
The two sides welcome the Joint Statement on Launching the Negotiations on Upgrading the Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Russian Federation on Promoting and Mutual Protecting Investment signed on November 9, 2006, issued by the Ministry of Commerce of China and the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia on December 5, 2022, and will continue negotiations on this issue to enhance the level of investment protection, promote investment facilitation, and create a more stable, fair, transparent and predictable business environment for investors and their investments.
The two sides will continue to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation in the financial field, including ensuring smooth settlement between economic entities of the two countries and supporting the expansion of the use of local currency in bilateral trade, investment, credit and other economic and trade activities.
The two sides will build a closer energy partnership, support their enterprises to promote energy cooperation projects such as oil and gas, coal, electricity and nuclear energy, and promote the implementation of initiatives that will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including the use of low-emission energy and renewable energy. The two sides will jointly safeguard international energy security, including key cross-border infrastructure, maintain the stability of the supply chain of energy products industry chain, promote fair energy transformation and low-carbon development based on the principle of technology neutrality, and jointly contribute to the long-term healthy and stable development of the global energy market.
The two sides will continue to carry out pragmatic cooperation in civil aviation manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding, metallurgy and other fields of common interest.
The two sides will strengthen cooperation in the field of transportation, improve cross-border infrastructure, improve port capacity and ensure the stable operation of ports. The two sides will continue to support China-Europe transit Russia to carry out railway and maritime cargo transportation and improve transportation efficiency.
The two sides will deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in areas of common interest, including the implementation of the Outline of Space Cooperation between People’s Republic of China (PRC) National Space Administration and Russian National Aerospace Corporation for 2023-2027.
The two sides will actively create convenience and enhance the diversity and supply of agricultural products and food exported to each other.
The two sides support the holding of the 7th China-Russia Expo in Yekaterinburg, Russia in 2023.
China supports the process of integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union, and Russia supports the construction of the "Belt and Road". The two sides have made joint efforts to actively promote the docking and cooperation between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union, and strengthen the connectivity between Asia and Europe. The two sides will continue to implement the Agreement on Economic and Trade Cooperation between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Eurasian Economic Union signed on May 17, 2018.
The two sides are willing to continue to promote the parallel and coordinated development of the "Belt and Road Initiative" and the "Greater Eurasian Partnership", and promote the process of bilateral and multilateral integration for the benefit of the people of all countries in Asia and Europe.
The two sides attach great importance to the implementation of the 2015 Medium-term Roadmap for Tripartite Cooperation between People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Russian Federation and Mongolia and the 2016 Outline for the Construction of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor, so as to further deepen the tripartite package cooperation and actively promote the further docking of this promising mechanism with regional organizations and mechanisms such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union. The two sides will work together to promote the research and consultation related to the new China-Mongolia-Russia natural gas pipeline project.
The two sides agreed to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of anti-money laundering, including cooperation under the multilateral framework.
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The two sides oppose the politicization of international humanities cooperation and discrimination against people in the fields of culture, education, science and sports on the grounds of nationality, language, religion, political or other beliefs, and national or social origin.
The two sides will work hard to restore and expand offline cultural exchanges and cooperation between the two countries and continuously consolidate the social foundation of friendship between the two peoples and bilateral relations.
The two sides will deepen educational cooperation, promote two-way study abroad to improve quality and efficiency, encourage university cooperation, support the construction of similar university alliances and middle school alliances between China and Russia, promote cooperative education and vocational education exchanges, deepen language teaching cooperation, enhance student exchanges between the two countries, and carry out digital education cooperation.
The two sides will deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of scientific and technological innovation, expand the exchange of talents in the industry, give full play to the potential of cooperation in basic research, applied research, industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, and focus on the frontier areas of science and technology and joint tackling of common problems in global development, including coping with and adapting to climate change. Explore new modes of cooperation in technical and industrial fields such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, 5G, digital economy and low-carbon economy.
The two sides will strengthen exchanges and exchanges between museums, libraries, art galleries, theaters and other cultural, literary and artistic institutions of the two countries. The two sides will expand tourism cooperation and exchanges and encourage the construction of a comfortable tourism environment.
The two sides will deepen cooperation in the medical and health fields, expand exchanges in scientific research and higher medical education, strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the supervision of drugs and medical devices, cooperate in disaster medicine, infectious diseases, oncology, nuclear medicine, maternal and child health care, ophthalmology, psychiatry and other fields, and strengthen relevant cooperation in multilateral platforms such as the World Health Organization, BRICS countries, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, G20 and APEC.
The two sides will continue to carry out health and epidemic prevention cooperation to deal with the threat of epidemic situation. The two sides will jointly oppose attempts to restrict the sovereign rights of countries in the prevention and control of infectious diseases, early warning and response to biological threats by forming a legally binding mechanism within the framework of international organizations.
The two sides spoke highly of the positive results achieved in the 2022-2023 China-Russia Sports Exchange Year, and will continue to strengthen sports cooperation in various fields and promote the common development of sports in the two countries. China supports Russia to hold the "Future Games" in Kazan, Russia in 2024. The two sides oppose the politicization of sports and hope to play a unique role in promoting unity and peace.
The two sides welcome the relevant initiatives and decisions of the International Olympic Committee and the Olympic Council of Asia to jointly defend Olympic values and are willing to build a good platform for qualified athletes from all over the world.
The two sides will continue to strengthen cooperation in marine scientific research, marine ecological protection, marine disaster prevention and mitigation, and marine equipment research and development, and continue to deepen pragmatic cooperation in polar scientific research, environmental protection, and organization of scientific research, so as to contribute more public products to global marine governance.
The two sides are willing to work together to improve the level of emergency management cooperation, cooperate in aviation rescue technology, emergency monitoring and early warning, personnel training and other fields, organize joint emergency rescue training including border areas, and strengthen information sharing and cooperation in maritime search and rescue.
The two sides are willing to strengthen policy communication and cooperation in the audio-visual field of radio and television networks, promote cooperation in joint production, mutual broadcasting of programs, technology research and development and application, and promote the common development of the industry.
The two sides agreed to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the fields of media, think tanks, publishing, social sciences, archives, literature and art.
The two sides will cooperate in strengthening the ideological and moral education of young people, provide opportunities for young people of the two countries to become talents, start businesses, innovate, create ideas and other growth activities, strengthen direct exchanges between young people of the two countries, and expand joint youth projects.
The two sides will continue to carry out bilateral activities in the fields of voluntary service, entrepreneurship, industrial innovation and creativity, and children’s groups, and coordinate with each other in the United Nations, BRICS countries, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Asia Conference on Mutual Cooperation and Confidence Measures and the multilateral youth platform within the framework of the G-20 to further deepen cooperation.
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The two sides reaffirmed their commitment to firmly uphold the international system with the United Nations as the core, the international order based on international law, and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and opposed all forms of hegemonism, unilateralism and power politics, the cold war mentality, camp confrontation, and small circles targeting specific countries.
The Russian side pointed out that China’s concept of building a community of human destiny is of positive significance for strengthening the unity of the international community and working together to meet common challenges. China positively evaluates Russia’s constructive and unremitting efforts to promote the construction of just and multipolar international relations.
The two sides support the construction of an open world economy, safeguard the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization as the core, promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, call for the creation of an open, fair, just and non-discriminatory development environment, and oppose unilateralism and protectionism, "building walls and building barriers", "decoupling and breaking chains" and unilateral sanctions and extreme pressure.
Russia highly values the global development initiative and will continue to participate in the work of the Group of Friends of the Global Development Initiative. The two sides will continue to push the international community to focus on development issues, increase investment in development, jointly promote the positive results of the UN Summit on Sustainable Development Goals, and accelerate the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
The two sides are deeply concerned about the severe challenges facing international security, and believe that people of all countries share the same destiny, and no country should achieve its own security at the expense of the security of other countries. The two sides called on the international community to actively participate in global security governance based on the principle of mutual cooperation and joint construction, earnestly consolidate global strategic stability and safeguard common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and make good use of international mechanisms such as arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation. To this end, the two sides reiterated the need for comprehensive policies, advancing with the times, improving the international security architecture and giving it greater resilience. One of the core pillars of this framework should be to agree on and abide by the principles and regulations of peaceful coexistence in the current historical stage, so as to minimize the possibility of conflicts between countries. The permanent members of the UN Security Council have a special responsibility to maintain world peace and stability, and should avoid conflicts to the maximum extent.
The two sides condemn all forms of terrorism, are committed to promoting the international community to establish a global anti-terrorism United front with the United Nations at the core, oppose politicizing the issue of combating terrorism and extremism and adopting "double standards", and condemn acts under the banner of combating international terrorism and extremism and using terrorist and extremist organizations to interfere in other countries’ internal affairs and achieve geopolitical goals. An objective, impartial and professional investigation should be conducted on the explosion of the "Beixi" pipeline.
The two sides are determined to continue to cooperate closely in regional and global security affairs, including jointly implementing global security initiatives, exchanging views and coordinating positions on major international and regional issues in a timely manner, and contributing to the maintenance of world peace and security.
The two sides have carried out fruitful bilateral and multilateral cooperation to cope with the global epidemic of COVID-19 and safeguard the lives and health of the people of the two countries and the world. The two sides support the two countries to deepen the exchange of epidemic information, strengthen coordination and cooperation on platforms such as the World Health Organization, and jointly oppose the politicization of virus traceability.
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The two sides will continue to work closely together to promote the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to play a greater role and influence in maintaining peace, security and stability in the region. The two sides will work with other member States to improve the work of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization at this stage, effectively respond to new challenges and threats, and deepen multilateral mutually beneficial cooperation in the economic, trade and cultural fields in Asia and Europe.
Russia highly appreciates China’s successful hosting of the 14th meeting of BRICS leaders. The two sides are willing to work together with other BRICS members to implement the consensus of previous BRICS leaders’ meetings, deepen pragmatic cooperation in various fields, actively promote discussions on the expansion of BRICS and New Development Bank, and actively carry out BRICS+cooperation and BRICS peripheral dialogue to safeguard the common interests of emerging markets and developing countries.
The two sides will strengthen cooperation on platforms such as China, Russia, India, China, Russia and Mongolia, as well as the East Asia Summit, the ASEAN Regional Forum and the ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Expansion Meeting. China and Russia will strengthen coordination on deepening cooperation with ASEAN and continue to promote the consolidation of ASEAN’s central position in the regional structure.
The two sides believe that the role of UNESCO as a universal platform for intergovernmental cultural exchanges should be further strengthened, real multilateralism should be maintained, professional dialogue with mutual respect should be promoted on this platform, and member States should be promoted to communicate efficiently, reach consensus and enhance unity. The two sides encouraged UNESCO and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to strengthen cooperation on issues of common concern based on the Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between the Secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and UNESCO.
The two sides are committed to strengthening mutual coordination under multilateral mechanisms such as the G-20, pushing the G-20 to meet outstanding international economic and financial challenges, improving a fair and reasonable global economic governance system, better reflecting the world economic structure, and enhancing the representation and voice of emerging markets and developing countries. The two sides support the African Union’s accession to the G20.
The two sides will strengthen coordination and cooperation under the framework of APEC, promote the comprehensive and balanced implementation of the Butragaya vision, and promote the establishment of an open, dynamic, resilient and peaceful Asia-Pacific community in 2040.
The two sides will strengthen cooperation in supporting the multilateral trading system based on WTO rules and cracking down on trade protectionism, including illegal unilateral trade restrictions, strengthen dialogue on the WTO agenda such as WTO reform, especially promote the normal operation of the dispute settlement mechanism before 2024, and promote the negotiation results of joint initiatives such as investment facilitation and e-commerce, so that the WTO can play a greater role in global economic governance.
The two sides resolutely condemn the politicization of the multilateral platform and the attempts of some countries to cram irrelevant issues into the agenda of the multilateral platform and dilute the primary tasks of relevant mechanisms.
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The two sides emphasized the significance of the Joint Statement of the Leaders of the Five Nuclear-Weapon States on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding an Arms Race, and reiterated that "a nuclear war cannot be won or fought". The two sides called on all signatories to the joint statement to follow the concept of the statement, effectively reduce the risk of nuclear war and avoid any armed conflict between nuclear-weapon States. In the context of the deterioration of relations between nuclear-weapon States, measures to reduce strategic risks should be organically integrated into the overall efforts to ease tensions, build more constructive relations and resolve conflicts in the security field to the greatest extent. All nuclear-weapon States should not deploy nuclear weapons abroad and should withdraw nuclear weapons deployed abroad.
The two sides reaffirmed that the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons is the cornerstone of the international nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation system. The two sides reaffirmed their adherence to the treaty obligations and will continue to work together to safeguard and strengthen the treaty and safeguard world peace and security.
The two sides expressed serious concern about the consequences and risks of the establishment of the trilateral security partnership (AUKUS) between the United States, Britain and Australia and the related nuclear-powered submarine cooperation plan on regional strategic stability. The two sides strongly urge AUKUS member countries to strictly fulfill their obligations of non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery and safeguard regional peace, stability and development.
The two sides expressed serious concern about Japan’s plan to discharge radioactive polluted water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident into the ocean this year, and stressed that Japan must conduct transparent and full consultations with stakeholders such as neighboring countries and relevant international institutions. The two sides urged Japan to properly dispose of radioactive contaminated water in a scientific, transparent and safe manner, and accept the long-term supervision of the International Atomic Energy Agency and interested countries to effectively protect the marine environment and the health rights and interests of people of all countries.
The two sides reiterated the importance of early resumption of the complete and effective implementation of the comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue and UN Security Council Resolution 2231, and called on all parties concerned to make political decisions and promote the resumption of negotiations on the implementation of the comprehensive agreement to achieve positive results.
The two sides reaffirmed that the Biological Weapons Convention should be fully observed and continuously strengthened, and institutionalized, and a legally binding protocol with an effective verification mechanism should be reached. The two sides expressed serious concern about the biological and military activities of the United States that seriously threatened other countries and harmed the security of the relevant regions at home and abroad, and asked the United States to clarify this, not to carry out all biological activities that violated the Biological Weapons Convention, and not to obstruct the establishment of a compliance verification mechanism within the framework of the Convention.
The two sides are committed to the goal of a world free of chemical weapons and are deeply concerned about the politicization of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. The two sides urged the United States, as the only State party that has not completed the destruction of chemical weapons, to speed up the destruction of chemical weapons in its stockpiles, and urged Japan to complete the destruction of chemical weapons abandoned in China as soon as possible.
China and Russia are concerned that the United States will speed up the construction of the global anti-missile system and deploy anti-missile systems around the world, strengthen the disabling and high-precision strategic strike capability of non-nuclear weapons, promote the deployment of land-based medium-range and short-range missiles in Asia-Pacific and Europe and provide them to its allies, and urge the United States to stop undermining international and regional security and global strategic stability in order to maintain its unilateral military superiority.
China and Russia oppose the attempts of individual countries to turn outer space into a territory of military confrontation, and oppose the use of outer space to achieve military superiority and take military action. On the basis of the draft Sino-Russian Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects, the two sides advocate that negotiations on a legally binding multilateral instrument should be started as soon as possible, so as to provide a fundamental and reliable guarantee for preventing an arms race in outer space, weaponization of outer space and the use or threat of use of force against outer space objects. The two sides agree to promote the international initiative/political commitment of not being the first to deploy weapons in outer space on a global scale, so as to consolidate international peace, ensure equal and indivisible universal security, and enhance the predictability and sustainability of outer space research and utilization activities of all countries for peaceful purposes.
The two sides attach great importance to the issue of artificial intelligence governance and are willing to strengthen exchanges and cooperation on artificial intelligence issues.
The two sides oppose militarization in the field of information and communication technology, oppose restrictions on normal information and communication and technological development and cooperation, and support the creation of a multilateral, fair and transparent global Internet governance system on the premise of ensuring the sovereignty and security of Internet governance in all countries. The two sides welcomed the work of the United Nations Open Working Group on Security in the Use of Information and Communication Technologies and Information Security from 2021 to 2025 as the only process of the United Nations in the field of international information security. The two sides believe that a new and responsible national code of conduct for information cyberspace, especially universal international legal instruments, should be formulated. China’s Global Data Security Initiative and Russia’s concept paper on international information security conventions will make important contributions to the formulation of relevant standards. The two sides support the United Nations Ad Hoc Committee to formulate a comprehensive international convention against the use of information and communication technologies for criminal purposes.
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In order to cope with and adapt to climate change, the two sides have taken strong measures, actively cooperated, built and operated a greenhouse gas emission trading system, voluntarily implemented climate projects, and exchanged experiences between countries and regions on issues such as slowing down and adapting to global warming, making important contributions.
The two sides reaffirmed their adherence to the objectives, principles and provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Paris Agreement, especially the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and adhered to true multilateralism to promote the full and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement. The two sides stressed that accelerating financial support from developed countries to developing countries is essential to strengthen mitigation actions and deal with the problem of unequal access to funds. The two sides oppose setting up trade barriers and politicizing climate issues on the grounds of tackling climate change.
The two sides highly appreciated the outcome of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity hosted by China, and hoped that the outcome would make positive contributions to the global biodiversity governance process. The two sides firmly promote international cooperation and exchanges on biodiversity, actively implement the goal of "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework", jointly promote the harmonious development between man and nature, and contribute to global sustainable development.
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The two sides believe that the purposes and principles of the UN Charter must be observed and international law must be respected. Russia positively evaluated China’s objective and fair position on the Ukrainian issue. The two sides oppose any country or group of countries to seek military, political and other advantages at the expense of the legitimate security interests of other countries. The Russian side reiterated its commitment to restart the peace talks as soon as possible, and China appreciates this. The Russian side welcomes China’s willingness to play an active role in resolving the Ukrainian crisis through political and diplomatic channels, and welcomes the constructive proposals set forth in the document "China’s Position on Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis". The two sides pointed out that to solve the Ukrainian crisis, we must respect the legitimate security concerns of all countries and prevent the formation of camp confrontation, which will add fuel to the fire. The two sides stressed that responsible dialogue is the best way to solve problems steadily. To this end, the international community should support relevant constructive efforts. The two sides called on all parties to stop all actions that made the situation tense and the war delayed, so as to avoid the crisis from further worsening or even getting out of control. The two sides oppose any unilateral sanctions that are not authorized by the UN Security Council.
The two sides urged NATO to abide by its commitment as a regional and defensive organization, and called on NATO to respect other countries’ sovereignty, security, interests, cultural diversity, historical and cultural diversity, and treat other countries’ peaceful development objectively and fairly. The two sides expressed serious concern about NATO’s continued strengthening of military security ties with Asia-Pacific countries and undermining regional peace and stability. The two sides are opposed to piecing together a closed and exclusive group structure in the Asia-Pacific region and creating group politics and camp confrontation. The two sides pointed out that the United States adhered to the Cold War mentality and pursued the "Indo-Pacific strategy", which had a negative impact on peace and stability in the region. China and Russia are committed to building an equal, open and inclusive security system in the Asia-Pacific region that does not target third countries, so as to safeguard regional peace, stability and prosperity.
The two sides believe that maintaining peace and stability in Northeast Asia is in the interest of all parties concerned. The two sides oppose extraterritorial military forces undermining regional peace and stability, and call on the countries concerned to abandon the Cold War mentality and ideological prejudice, exercise restraint and refrain from actions that endanger regional security.
The two sides expressed concern about the situation on the Korean Peninsula and urged all parties concerned to maintain calm and restraint and work hard to ease the situation. The US should respond to the legitimate concerns of the DPRK with practical actions and create conditions for resuming dialogue. The two sides have always insisted on maintaining peace and stability on the peninsula, including the denuclearization of the peninsula, and jointly advocated promoting the establishment of a peace and security mechanism on the peninsula. They believe that sanctions and pressure are neither desirable nor feasible, and dialogue and consultation are the only way to solve the peninsula problem. The two sides will continue to communicate and cooperate closely, and continue to push forward the political settlement process of the peninsula issue in accordance with the idea of "two-track progress" and the principle of phased and simultaneous progress. The two sides called on all parties concerned to actively respond to the joint efforts of China and Russia to persuade peace and promote talks and play a constructive role in this process.
The two sides advocate maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East, supporting regional countries to strengthen strategic autonomy, solving hot issues through dialogue and consultation, and opposing interference in the internal affairs of regional countries. The two sides welcome the normalization of relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran through dialogue and support a comprehensive and just settlement of the Palestinian issue on the basis of the "two-state solution." Support Syria’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and promote a political settlement process led by Syrians and owned by Syrians. It advocates safeguarding Libya’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and promoting a package of political solutions led by and owned by the interests of the people. The two sides will strengthen communication and docking on their respective security initiatives in the Gulf region and work together to build a collective security framework in the Gulf region.
The two sides believe that the Collective Security Treaty Organization has made positive contributions to regional security, and China and the Collective Security Treaty Organization have potential for cooperation in maintaining regional peace and stability.
The two sides are willing to strengthen cooperation, support Central Asian countries in safeguarding their sovereignty and national development, and oppose external forces’ "color revolution" and interference in regional affairs.
The two sides will strengthen communication and cooperation on African affairs, maintain a good and healthy atmosphere for international cooperation in Africa, support African countries’ efforts to solve African problems independently, and contribute to the cause of peaceful development on the African continent. China and Russia will continue to hold consultations on Latin American affairs, strengthen communication and dialogue, attach importance to developing bilateral relations with Latin American and Caribbean countries and continue to promote stability and prosperity in the region.
The two sides hold that the Arctic should continue to be a place of peace, stability and constructive cooperation.
President People’s Republic of China (PRC), President of the Russian Federation
Supreme Leader V. V. Putin
Moscow, March 21st, 2023
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