According to Voice of China, recently, we have paid attention to the ongoing garbage sorting work in Shanghai. Even if you are not in Shanghai, you may have seen a lot of related news on the Internet recently, including many jokes. For example, not long ago, a picture of how crayfish do garbage sorting caused a hot discussion on the Internet. Is eating the remaining crayfish shells dry garbage or wet garbage? For another example, do the finished milk tea cups and straws belong to dry garbage or recyclable garbage?
These questions are indeed difficult. On June 12th, with the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Greening and City Appearance issuing the "Guidelines for the Classification and Delivery of Domestic Waste in Shanghai", Shanghai entered the era of learning garbage classification for all. From next Monday, that is, July 1, the Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Shanghai will be officially implemented. Facing the discussion of public opinion and some questioning voices, on the morning of 28th, Shanghai held a press conference on garbage classification, which responded to a series of hot issues.
Achieve "one community, one scheme" to meet the individual needs of different groups of people.
Shanghai’s "Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste" not only makes it clear that domestic waste should be classified, but also puts forward the requirement of "fixed time and fixed point". Landing in most communities at a fixed time involves "removing barrels and combining points", removing trash cans in community corridors or in front of door openings and placing them at designated points. Only when residents go to these points within a fixed period of time can they throw garbage. This is inconvenient for office workers like Mr. Shao, and some residents don’t understand it very well.
Mr. Shao: "We can’t take time off from work to throw garbage."
Regarding how to implement "fixed time and fixed point" according to local conditions, Tang Jiafu, deputy director of the Municipal Bureau of Greening and City Appearance, said that the main problems reflected by the citizens are "unreasonable time and unreasonable location", so it is necessary to achieve "one community, one plan" and fully communicate with residents.
Tang Jiafu: "For example, it is not reasonable to eat watermelon at 7: 30 in summer. At the same time, it is also necessary to meet the individual needs of "996" and the elderly, and technical means can also be adopted to ensure and facilitate office workers to throw garbage by installing monitoring and setting up "wrong time drop points". "
At present, Shanghai’s classification effectiveness has improved rapidly.
There are only three days left before the "Regulations" are officially implemented. Is the classification of "hardware" ready? At present, 13,000 classified drop points have been transformed in Shanghai, with a completion rate of 75%, and more than 40,000 road waste box signs have been updated and improved. The classified collection and transportation system has also basically taken shape. Huang Rong, Deputy Secretary General of Shanghai Municipal Government, introduced:
Huang Rong: "The disposal and utilization capacity of domestic garbage has been steadily improved, with the incineration capacity of dry garbage reaching 19,300 tons/day and the resource utilization capacity of wet garbage reaching 5,050 tons/day."
Huang Rong introduced that the current classification effectiveness in Shanghai has improved rapidly.
Huang Rong: "The amount of recyclable materials recovered has reached 3,312 tons/day, the amount of wet garbage separated has reached 6,164 tons/day, and the capacity of dry garbage incineration and wet garbage resource utilization has reached 24,350 tons/day."
Set a penalty benchmark, increase it according to the severity of the consequences, and enforce the law scientifically.
In order to ensure the implementation of the Regulations, Shanghai has established a two-way supervision mechanism of "no classification, no collection and transportation, no classification and no disposal", and basically built a full-process information supervision platform covering classified transportation and terminal disposal during classification. The intensity of law enforcement inspection of garbage classification has also been strengthened unprecedentedly. From January 1 to June 25 this year, the city’s urban management law enforcement departments carried out more than 13,900 law enforcement inspections, investigated and dealt with 1,224 illegal cases according to law, educated 13,739 people and urged 7,822 rectifications. In the process of law enforcement, how does the urban management department set penalties for different illegal acts?
Peng Yanling, deputy director of Shanghai Urban Management Law Enforcement Bureau, responded that the Regulations set corresponding fines for different parties and illegal acts. When formulating the discretionary benchmark, the urban management law enforcement department comprehensively considers the plot, consequences, frequency and other factors of the illegal act, and sets the corresponding fine benchmark to make the law enforcement more scientific and standardized.
Peng Yanling: "The" Regulations "stipulate that individuals who mix votes shall be punished from 50 yuan to 200 yuan. When setting the benchmark, we made it clear that if an individual mixed wet garbage with recyclable and dry garbage, it was the first time, the benchmark from 50 yuan to 100 yuan would apply to the fine, and the benchmark from 100 yuan to 200 yuan would apply to the fine for the second time and above. If individuals mix harmful waste with other domestic garbage, the fine benchmark will be raised accordingly because of the more serious consequences, so as to reflect the principle of excessive punishment. "
By 2025, garbage sorting and disposal systems will be basically established in cities at prefecture level and above.
Listening to Shanghai residents learning and practicing domestic waste classification, friends in other cities don’t know what it feels like.
In recent years, China has accelerated the implementation of garbage sorting system. Starting this year, cities at prefecture level and above all over the country have started the domestic garbage sorting. Recently, it was confirmed in the relevant notice that by the end of 2020, 46 key cities that have tried first will basically build garbage sorting and treatment systems; Other prefecture-level cities have achieved full coverage of domestic waste classification by public institutions, and at least one street has basically built a demonstration area for domestic waste classification. By 2022, at least one district of cities at all levels will achieve full coverage of domestic waste classification, and at least one street in other districts will basically be built into a demonstration area for domestic waste classification. Before 2025, cities at the prefecture level and above will basically build garbage sorting and treatment systems.
So, what is the progress of this work? What problems still need to be solved? On the 28th, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development also held a press conference.
At present, the coverage of garbage classification in the whole country is still very limited.
According to the data of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, up to now, 134 central units and provincial organs have fully implemented the classification of domestic waste; Nearly 5,000 kitchen waste sorting trucks have been equipped in 46 key cities, and nearly 1,000 sorting trucks have been equipped in harmful waste. In 2019, 46 key cities will plan to invest 21.3 billion yuan to continue to accelerate the construction of treatment facilities to meet the demand for classified treatment of domestic waste.
In 2018, the research group of "People’s Livelihood Survey in China" of the State Council Development Research Center conducted a household survey in 46 key cities. The results showed that 38.3% of households classified domestic waste, an increase of 11.4% compared with 2017.
From a national perspective, Xu Haiyun, deputy director and professor-level senior engineer of the Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, said that the promotion between cities is fast and slow, and there are still some shortcomings in the whole link:
Xu Haiyun: "At present, the coverage of garbage sorting in the whole country is still very limited, and the 46 key cities that have been tried first only account for about 7% of the number of cities in the country. At the same time, the progress of these 46 cities is also uneven, and some urban people do not have a strong sense of acquisition in garbage sorting. At present, most cities can only be equipped with classified collection facilities in the delivery link. The facilities for classified transportation and classified disposal are generally insufficient, and the problem of "sorting before mixing" of garbage has not been obviously solved. "
Harmful waste’s classified collection and "accuracy" are still shortcomings.
In a series of links of delivery, collection, transportation and treatment, according to the classification, Xu Haiyun pointed out that the classified collection in harmful waste is still short-board:
Xu Haiyun: "For example, if we compare with developed countries, I think the collection of harmful waste is short-board. If harmful waste is separated, the implementation of garbage disposal at the back end should be said to reduce the environmental impact. "
As for recyclable materials, Xu Haiyun believes that China is currently facing a "precise" problem.
Xu Haiyun: Generally speaking, it is recyclable, but specifically, for example, glass products. Perhaps due to market reasons, its collection, transportation, recycling and utilization may require higher subsidies to complete the recycling. In the case that there is no subsidy for the time being, it may be collected and can only go to the garbage disposal plant.
Kitchen waste is also facing the problem of follow-up treatment. Xu Haiyun said that not all of them have needs to be processed and utilized:
Xu Haiyun: "Japan has also tried to use kitchen waste as fertilizer to return to the land to realize natural circulation. However, due to the shortage of land resources or lack of land to accept, Japan defines kitchen waste as combustible waste. Then, because the purpose of our separation is to recycle and return to the land, we should determine and determine the amount of recycling based on demand. "
It is necessary to strengthen the connection of all links and the construction of legal system, and at the same time improve the garbage sorting technology.
Zhang Lequn, deputy director of the Urban Construction Department of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, said that the task of domestic waste classification is arduous, and it cannot be done overnight, and it will not be done once and for all. It needs long-term persistence and continuous investment. In the next step, he introduced that it will also strengthen the organic connection of all links, strengthen the construction of the legal system, and strengthen the source reduction by promoting legislation.
Zhang Lequn: "We should start with dolls and strengthen the education of ecological civilization such as the classification of domestic waste. Accelerate the construction of domestic waste sorting facilities, improve the standards of technical facilities for waste sorting, and strengthen the organic connection of classified delivery, classified collection, classified transportation and classified treatment. Strengthen the construction of the legal system, strengthen the source reduction by promoting legislation, and improve the management level of the whole process of domestic waste. "
Recently, while watching Shanghai residents study hard and practice the classified delivery of domestic garbage, many people in other cities are also wondering when they should ask themselves "What kind of garbage is this" every day?
Since the beginning of this year, cities at prefecture level and above have started to classify domestic waste in an all-round way. Recently, the relevant notice confirmed that by the end of 2020, 46 key cities that have tried first will basically build garbage sorting and treatment systems; Other prefecture-level cities have achieved full coverage of domestic waste classification by public institutions, and at least one street has basically built a demonstration area for domestic waste classification. By 2022, at least one district of cities at all levels will achieve full coverage of domestic waste classification, and at least one street in other districts will basically be built into a demonstration area for domestic waste classification. Before 2025, cities at the prefecture level and above will basically build garbage sorting and treatment systems.
Yang Guang reporter Hong Chau Liu Fei
"la vie en rose" stills
Stills of spy league
