分类归档 sports

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 31 (Reporter Wei Jing) Self-employed industrial and commercial households register intelligently in "second batch", start or cancel the "cloud" in the whole process of enterprises across provinces, brush their faces and withdraw the provident fund, and easily receive the account. Newborns are born and settled, and social security "one thing" is completed … … Such a convenient and smooth business process now frequently appears in people’s daily life.

　　This is due to the fact that various regions and departments have vigorously promoted the "one network to run" government services in recent years. This year’s government work report pointed out that it is necessary to promote more services to be handled online, so that enterprises can handle the whole process online.

　　As the general hub to realize "one network running" in China, the national government service platform has been put into trial operation for one year on May 31st. Over the past year, the platform has made great efforts from top to bottom to break through cross-regional, cross-departmental and cross-level data barriers, and promoted the government services of various departments in all regions of the country from "solo" to "chorus", so that more government services can be carried out in a wider range.

　　The "one network" of government services has gradually achieved full coverage.

　　To promote the national "one network to run", it is necessary to make a decision before moving. In recent years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the work of "Internet+government services" and made important arrangements for many times. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee explicitly requested that administrative management and service methods should be innovated to accelerate the construction of a national integrated government service platform. The State Council has successively issued a series of policy documents, such as Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of National Integrated Online Government Service Platform, Several Provisions of the State Council on Online Government Service, etc., and comprehensively deployed and planned "One Network Office" from the top-level design.

　　According to the deployment, the national government service platform started construction in April 2018, which marked the "fast forward button" for the construction of a national integrated government service platform dedicated to promoting cross-regional, cross-departmental and cross-level "one network". The national government service platform is the general hub of the national integration platform, and the platforms of various regions and departments are the specific service platforms of the national integration platform, and the pattern of "a chess game" of government service across the country has been accelerated.

　　After more than a year of intense construction, on May 31, 2019, the national government service platform (including PC, mobile and small programs) was officially put into trial operation. Over the past year, the platform has been connected to more than 3.6 million government affairs services and more than 1,000 high-frequency hotspot services of local departments, and has launched regional integrated government services such as the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, as well as cross-regional, cross-departmental and cross-level "One Network Office" services such as entry and exit and study abroad. Especially since the outbreak in COVID-19, 15 service topics, such as "service columns for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households" and epidemic prevention and control, resumption of work and employment services, have been successively launched, which has become an important service channel for "guaranteeing enterprises" and "stabilizing employment". As of May 31, the number of registered real-name platform users exceeded 100 million, the number of visitors exceeded 800 million, and the cumulative number of views reached 5 billion, supporting local departments to share platform data more than 8 billion times.

　　At the same time, the national platform has continuously promoted interoperability, data sharing and business collaboration with platforms in various regions and departments, and the "one network" situation of government services across the country has gradually opened up. From the national level, the national platform has been interconnected with 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and more than 40 departmental platforms in the State Council. According to the unified standards and specifications of the national integration platform, 31 provincial governments across the country have built government service platforms covering provinces, cities and counties, and 21 of them have achieved full coverage of government services at the provincial, city, county, township and village levels according to the requirements of standardization, standardization and intensive construction. It is no longer a vision to provide government services to every village.

　　The basic supporting role of the national government service platform is increasingly apparent.

　　To promote the nationwide "one network to run", norms and standards are the foundation. The national government service platform has built a unified national affairs management, unified identity authentication, unified electronic license, unified electronic seal and other systems, which has strongly supported various regions and departments to provide more efficient and convenient online government services.

　　Unified identity authentication is the first "passport" to do things online. According to the relevant personnel of Zhejiang Big Data Bureau, relying on the unified identity authentication system of the national platform, in Zhejiang, 14 million entrepreneurs from other provinces and 6 million entrepreneurs from Zhejiang outside the province can "roam" freely on the government service platforms of the whole country and provinces without going back and forth between their hometown and work place.

　　In order to solve the problem that enterprises and the masses have more materials to handle affairs and more errands, the national government service platform, together with relevant departments, actively promulgated more than 30 standards for electronic licenses. On this basis, many places across the country have vigorously promoted the application of electronic certificates, and the application scenarios of "electronic bright certificates" such as business licenses and social security cards are increasing.

　　Since it was put into trial operation last year, the national government service platform has provided 530 million times of identity authentication and verification services for local departments and 80 million times of electronic license sharing and exchange services.

　　Work together to promote efficient data sharing and governance.

　　It is difficult to share data to promote the nationwide "one network to run". For the first time, the national government service platform realized the unified acceptance and service of local government service data sharing requirements, and promoted the realization of "one network sharing" of government data.

　　During the epidemic prevention and control period, the mutual recognition of "health codes" in most parts of the country is the effect of sharing and utilizing government service big data nationwide. The national government service platform, together with the Health and Wellness Commission, the Immigration Bureau, civil aviation, railways and other relevant departments and units, promotes the collection and sharing of data related to epidemic prevention and control for all regions and departments to call.

　　In order to promote the nationwide "one-code communication", the national government service platform launched the "epidemic prevention health information code" service, which gathered and supported 623 million pieces of "health code" data shared by all localities and served 600 million person-times, providing strong support for promoting the "mutual recognition" and "one-code communication" of health codes in all localities.

　　According to the established "timetable", by the end of 2022, the national government service will fully realize "one network to run". It is understood that in order to achieve this goal, the national government service platform will continue to expand the depth and breadth of services on the basis of existing achievements, constantly innovate administrative management and service methods, and make the national government service "one network to run" gradually approach, providing strong support for deepening the reform of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" and promoting the construction of "digital government".

For tenants, although the basic conditions of rough houses are simple, they also provide a broad space for personalized decoration. Here are some ways to decorate rough houses and reflect individual needs.

Wall treatment is an important part of decoration. If you like simple style, you can choose to stick a solid color wall sticker, which is simple to operate and low in cost. The color of the wall sticker can be selected according to personal preference. For example, if you like a warm atmosphere, choose a warm tone, and if you want a refreshing feeling, choose a cool tone. If you pursue artistic sense, you can also draw wall paintings by yourself and create favorite patterns on the wall with pigments, such as landscapes and cartoon images, which can fully show your unique taste.

The floor decoration can’t be ignored. You can choose to lay a carpet, which can not only keep warm, but also add warmth to the room. Carpets are rich in materials, patterns and colors, which can meet different individual needs. For example, those who like retro style can choose carpets with traditional patterns; Those who pursue modernity can choose carpets with geometric patterns. If the budget allows, you can also install floating floor, which is convenient to install and has many styles to choose from.

The choice of furniture is the key to embody individuality. For a blank room with a small space, you can choose multifunctional furniture, such as a sofa bed, which can be used as a sofa during the day and turned into a bed for people to rest at night. In the style of furniture, if you like Nordic style, you can choose simple wooden furniture with green plants to create a natural and fresh atmosphere; If you love the Mediterranean style, you can choose furniture with blue and white tones, plus some decorations with marine elements.

Lighting design can create a different atmosphere for the room. Can install chandeliers, wall lamps, table lamps and other lamps. If you like romantic atmosphere, you can install string lights at the bedside to create a warm feeling; If you need sufficient lighting to study or work, you can choose a desk lamp with higher brightness.

In order to compare the characteristics of different decoration methods more clearly, the following is a simple table:

Through the above decoration methods and carefully selected elements, tenants can decorate the rented blank house into a living space full of personality, which conforms to their living habits and aesthetic needs.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

Text/Figure Jinyang. com reporter Zhang Luyao correspondent Yang Liang Wang Wei Li Xiaodong

Specific parties can check the progress of the case at hand, so they don’t have to go to the police station again and again; At the fingertips of the public, you can know all the law enforcement information disclosed according to law … The reporter learned from the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Bureau on the 29th that the Guangdong Public Security Law Enforcement Information Disclosure Platform developed by the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Bureau was officially launched on May 29th. It is understood that the platform has been piloted in Zhuhai and Huizhou in the early stage.

It is understood that the Guangdong public security law enforcement information disclosure platform has realized six functions, such as centralized display of normative documents of laws and regulations, notification of police situation in all parts of the province, inquiry of case handling progress, and public disclosure of administrative punishment decisions, administrative reconsideration decisions and administrative licensing decisions.

The masses can choose to log on to the platforms through various Internet terminal windows such as Guangdong Public Security "Guangdong Police and People Connect" APP, Ping An Nanyue Net and "Guangdong Public Security Legal System" WeChat WeChat official account, so as to learn about the relevant law enforcement basis, get timely information about the public and the progress of handling cases, provide early warning tips and precautionary guidelines for the public, and fully protect the right to know and supervise of citizens, legal persons and other organizations.

The reporter learned that before the law enforcement public platform was launched, the parties to the case wanted to know the relevant information and could only run to the police station again and again to inquire about the progress of the case. After the platform is launched, specific parties only need to enter their ID cards and serial numbers randomly generated by the platform to inquire about the progress of case handling, and the public can directly log on to the platform to view relevant information.

Li Qingxiong, deputy secretary of the Party Committee and executive deputy director of the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, said that the platform was unified by the provincial public security department in planning, platform, management and process, with accurate and timely data, and at the same time, the burden on the grass-roots front line was reduced, thus breaking the unbalanced situation of law enforcement and publicity work of public security organs in Guangdong. At the same time, through scientific and technological means to build an efficient open mechanism, to achieve seamless docking with the police comprehensive case handling system, to ensure that the data is fresh, timely and efficient. Effectively solve the problems that the masses have strongly reflected, such as cases that are not accepted, cases that are not established, and cases that are not investigated, and force law enforcement norms with sunshine policing.

[Focus Q&A]

What’s the use of the platform?

"Fingertip" inquires about the progress of the case, and all the publicity is open.

Tao Wenhui, head of the Legal Corps of the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department, introduced that the open platform for law enforcement actively disclosed the police situation and case handling that the people were most concerned about, and handed over the supervision power of public security law enforcement to the people. By automatically sending mobile phone text messages, the people witnessed the whole process of public security law enforcement, effectively solving the outstanding problems such as the case being rejected, the case not being established, and the case not being investigated. People can make online inquiries, consult and complain without leaving their homes, which deepens and expands the connotation of law enforcement openness and greatly facilitates people’s production and life.

In addition, the platform adheres to the principle of "publicity is the norm, with the exception of non-publicity". The content of publicity is mainly about the public security law enforcement matters that the people are most concerned about and are most closely related to their immediate interests. It is fully, thoroughly and in real time disclosed through the Internet, except for state secrets, business secrets, personal privacy, minors and factors that may affect social stability. At the same time, it provides comprehensive and convenient inquiry services on the basis of law enforcement, such as laws, regulations, rules and normative documents, and truly implements the responsibility of "whoever enforces the law and popularizes the law".

Will the platform reveal privacy?

Sensitive information such as privacy will be handled technically, and the leaked information will be held accountable.

Tao Wenhui introduced that the platform strictly reviews and checks the public content, and the information of relevant parties is technically processed, paying attention to the protection of state secrets, trade secrets and personal privacy.

In the publicized law enforcement information, there will be no full name of any natural person, ID number, bank account number, detailed home address and other information, and all relevant sensitive information will be automatically blocked and hidden by technical means. At the same time, Guangdong public security organs have also formulated relevant working mechanisms, and will seriously investigate the responsibility of relevant personnel for revealing state secrets, business secrets and personal privacy caused by subjective intentions or work mistakes.

[Typical case]

The suspect who stole the company’s raw materials was arrested, and the policeman found the progress at the first time.

In March 2018, a case in which raw materials were stolen occurred in an enterprise in Zhuhai, resulting in direct economic losses of more than 400,000 yuan, which seriously affected the company’s production. Mr. Huang, the head of the company’s security, immediately reported the case to the public security organ.

Since reporting the case, Mr. Huang has been thinking about the progress of the case every day, and is very concerned about whether the suspect has been arrested and whether the stolen property has been recovered. Three days after reporting the case, he went to the police station to inquire about the progress of the case.

Later, the police investigating the case explained to Mr. Huang, reminding him that there was a website on the Notice of Notification that he received when reporting the case, so that he could directly check the handling of the case online in real time and contact the case-handling unit in time. Mr. Huang remembered that in addition to the alarm receipt after reporting the case, the police handling the case also served him another notice. He was only in a hurry to report the case and did not pay attention to the police’s explanation. It turned out that the notice still had such a great role.

Since then, Mr. Huang can learn about the progress of the case as long as he uses the computer to check online in the office every day.

After careful investigation, the public security organs arrested two suspects. Mr. Huang first learned about this situation through the platform and found that one of the suspects, Ran, was an employee of the company. With the cooperation of enterprises, the public security organs successfully cracked this series of theft cases, and arrested more than 20 suspects, saving the company more than 2 million yuan in losses. The company specially presented a banner to the police station for this purpose.

In the past, due to poor communication channels, victims often could not understand the progress of the case. The platform not only enables the parties to the case to know the progress of the case in time, but also effectively strengthens the communication and contact between the public security organs and the parties to the case, and at the same time improves the efficiency of the investigation and solving of the case by the public security organs, and finally achieves a win-win situation.

If the home is stolen, SMS will inform the victim of the progress of the case at any time.

On February 28 this year, Ms. Huang, who lives in Huizhou City, was stolen from her home. Ms. Huang immediately went to the police station to report the case. The police entered the case information into the law enforcement case handling system, and accepted the case according to the case handling procedure, and submitted a notice to Ms. Huang. At the same time, the law enforcement open platform simultaneously sent the case information to the victim’s mobile phone via SMS. When the police contacted Ms. Huang, she had prepared a list of stolen items and other materials to come to the police station to make a transcript.

Later, in the process of case filing, case solving, arrest reporting, transfer and prosecution, the open platform for law enforcement took the initiative to send a text message to Ms. Huang, and she and her family also checked the progress of the case several times through the Internet. When the suspect was arrested, Ms. Huang knew the news for the first time and called the police station to express her gratitude.

Zhu Zhihong, female, professor-level senior engineer. Member of the Expert Committee for Technical Guidance of Sponge City Construction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, director of China Landscape Architecture Society, executive director of Beijing Landscape Architecture Society and director of Beijing Engineering Survey and Design Association. He is currently the president and chief engineer of Beijing Garden Ancient Architecture Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.

The standards and specifications involved in the compilation mainly include: national standard Code for Park Design, Beijing local standard Standard for Garden Green Space Construction, Code for Design of Rainwater-harvesting Green Space Construction Project, industry standard Provisions for the Depth of Design Documents of Municipal Public Works (2013 Edition), and Technical Guide for the Construction of Sponge City by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.

The main monographs and papers are: rockery project, analysis of the regeneration of local landscape of historical gardens from the perspective of planning and design, and the ideal of living in a garden.

The main award-winning works include: the reconstruction of the Summer Palace Farming and Weaving Map Scenic Area and environmental engineering won the first prize of the Ministry of Construction’s excellent urban and rural survey and design in 2005, the second prize of land management in the 6th Asia-Pacific Landscape Architecture Award of the International Federation of Landscape Architects in 2009, the People’s Square in Shijiazhuang won the third prize of the Ministry of Construction’s excellent urban and rural survey and design in 2005, and the Legu Park in the south gate of Pinggu New Town won the third prize of Beijing’s excellent landscape design in 2013. In 2013, the project of the cultural exhibition area of ancient dwellings in the 9th China International Garden Expo won the second prize of the 2015 China Survey and Design Association, the landscape improvement plan and the first-phase construction project of Kenli Minfeng Lake won the first prize of the 2015 National Excellent Engineering Survey and Design Industry Award, and the park project of Yanqi Lake Ecological Demonstration Zone won the first prize of the 2017 National Excellent Engineering Survey and Design Industry Award.

1. Liu Hongwei: When did you first come into contact with the concept of "sponge city"? When will this concept be put into practice from the project level, and how many pilots and projects will be involved in the construction?

● Zhu Zhihong: In 2012, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Construction of Rainwater-utilizing Urban Green Space, requiring that all newly-built and renovated urban parks, unit courtyards and residential green spaces should be equipped with rainwater utilization facilities to improve their rainwater utilization capacity. I presided over the compilation of "Design Guide for Rainwater Control and Utilization Project in Beijing Garden Green Space" and studied the technical problems of rainwater control and utilization in green space.

As a landscape planning and design worker, I have always adhered to the method of organizing surface rainwater collection and discharge by using topography from professional study to design practice, and combined with appropriate engineering measures to solve related rainwater problems. However, the new problems in the new period can not be completely solved by traditional methods. After the "July 21" torrential rain in Beijing, we actively studied the role of green space in urban rain and flood management, and compiled the Beijing local standard "Code for Design of Rain-harvesting Green Space Engineering". In 2013, in the green space construction project of Yanqi Lake Ecological Demonstration Zone, we actively practiced, combining landscape and municipal specialty, and comprehensively coordinated the regional rainwater problem, mainly coordinating the relationship between regional flood discharge and green space, using topographic organization to control rainwater runoff, laying seepage wells to intercept rainwater, designing landscape-transferring grass ditches on municipal roadsides, connecting municipal drainage culverts, arranging rainwater ponds in low-lying areas, and gathering regional runoff rainwater to form a water landscape and become a habitat for aquatic animals and birds. After the completion and operation of the project, the effect is very outstanding in both landscape and function.

Since 2014, the construction of sponge city has become a national action. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has compiled and issued the Technical Guide for the Construction of Sponge City (Trial). I have the honor to participate in some work, and since then I have begun to learn and think about the concept of "sponge city" and understand its concept and connotation from fields outside the garden.

Up to now, although I have not participated in many projects in pilot cities, we are actively practicing the concept of "sponge city" in green space design and implementing it in various projects according to local conditions, such as Beijing 2019 World Horticultural Exposition, Beijing New Airport Landscape Project, Beijing Tongzhou Administrative Sub-center Green Heart Project and other important construction projects in Beijing. Especially the urban green heart project, the content of sponge city construction is relatively comprehensive, and the green space not only plays the role of source control, but also plays an important role in reducing urban waterlogging.

2. Liu Hongwei: As a member of the Technical Steering Expert Committee of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, how many pilots and projects have you visited in recent years? What do you think of the pilot work of sponge city construction?

● Zhu Zhihong: I am very fortunate to be a member of the Technical Steering Expert Committee for Sponge City Construction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Sponge city construction involves multi-disciplinary comprehensive contents. For me, I have gradually deepened my understanding of the concept of "Sponge City" in my personal practice and the practice of pilot cities. As a member of the expert committee, I participated in the inspection, supervision and assessment of pilot cities from time to time, and visited 9 pilot cities in the first batch and 5 pilot cities in the second batch successively.

During my visit to the pilot cities, I found that everyone’s understanding of the concept of sponge city has a very obvious development process, and the construction of sponge city is groping. Whether planning or design, there is a process from unclear understanding to gradually finding the right direction, from the beginning of "concave green space and permeable pavement are sponge cities" to reorganizing the city’s wading system and drainage zoning, strengthening the systematicness between projects, comprehensively coordinating and solving problems, and realizing the planning objectives. In view of the natural characteristics of cities and regions, it is more and more clear to attach importance to the protection of natural ecological background and coordinate the relationship between construction and protection. The pilot cities have made great efforts. An urban pilot area, generally 20 ~ 30 square kilometers, involves the comprehensive coordination of water conservancy, municipal administration, architecture, gardens and other disciplines, and the coordination and unity of multi-sector management. Almost every city is learning while doing, facing great difficulties and challenges.

The pilot project of sponge city construction will enable city managers, citizens and industries to gradually understand and accept the concept of sponge city, and deepen their understanding and explore amendments in practice. In just four years, some pilot cities have achieved essential transformation, really improved the urban environment, and achieved remarkable results in solving urban waterlogging, black and smelly water bodies and so on. With the construction of the Sponge City pilot project, gardens and green spaces around a group of citizens have also been completed, providing new places for citizens to relax, bringing obvious improvement to citizens’ lives, allowing people to personally experience the government’s determination and substantial changes in their living environment, and actually improving their sense of acquisition, happiness and security.

With the continuous advancement of pilot construction, various academic forums and exchange activities held all over the country have also provided opportunities for professionals and managers to communicate and discuss, spread the concept and technology of sponge city construction, guide the whole society to understand sponge city, pay attention to the concept of sponge city in urban construction, and spread the ideas of sponge city.

The real scene of Chongqing Yuelai New Town Guobo Center after sponge transformation.

The pilot cities have also explored the way to build a local sponge city, gradually established systematic thinking, embodied the concept, quality, measures and achievements of the sponge city, carried out various practices such as government management, urban planning, engineering design, construction and operation, and promoted the construction of the national sponge city construction policy system, technical system, management system and industrial system, and reconstructed the harmonious relationship between urban people and water.

What is important is the construction of systems and standards. The practice of pilot cities provides a research basis for the formulation of technical standards and norms for sponge city construction. At present, the technical standards of sponge city have been embedded in the provisions of various professional standards and norms, such as planning, municipal administration, architecture, gardens, etc. For example, when I wrote the national standard "Code for Park Design", it was at the beginning of the pilot project of sponge city construction, so I timely added the content of sponge city to this set of standards, which is very important to the garden industry, and gave the solutions to the technical problems in the practice of sponge city. The connection between professional norms and sponge city makes planning and design practitioners implement the concept of sponge city from the beginning of urban planning, which provides technical and regulatory protection for the all-round and sustainable implementation of sponge city.

3. Liu Hongwei: How to achieve the integration of function and landscape in sponge city construction project is a big test, and it is also a key factor to determine the effectiveness of the project. As an authoritative expert in domestic landscape, how do you evaluate the progress of domestic pilot cities in this regard, and what are the experiences and lessons worthy of attention and consideration by the industry?

● Zhu Zhihong: The function and landscape of the sponge city construction project are not a pair of irreconcilable contradictions. From the practice of pilot cities, many projects have good landscape effects, and some projects have added smart water landscape due to the construction of sponge cities, and even contain profound water culture, which has become a new business card of the city. Apart from the unprofessional factors of design, most of the disharmony between function and landscape lies in the treatment of special space. For example, in the selection of plant varieties for natural revetment, the influence of water level change on plants should generally be considered. Often in the north, few plants can survive in the environment where the water level changes greatly, especially in the saline-alkali areas in the north, which is more difficult. Comparatively speaking, southern cities are richer in plant resources than northern cities, and often have better landscape effects. In the construction project of sponge city, the integration of function and landscape is indeed an important aspect to reflect the skill of planners. For example, it is difficult to ensure the landscape of seepage ponds in Beijing. Generally, there is water for half a year, and the water depth varies from 0.5 to 2 meters, so the landscape effect is good, but there are still half a year when it is a dry pit and desolate. If we can comprehensively coordinate the utilization of water resources, combine rainwater utilization with reclaimed water utilization, and make reclaimed water as supplementary water for landscape ecology, we can not only ensure good landscape effect, but also generate enough storage space. Landscape design has always paid attention to "water depends on the garden, and the garden is alive because of water". Water is the most active element in landscape design, and landscape architects have accumulated rich experience in long-term practice. However, faced with the requirements of the new concept of sponge city, the traditional design methods are challenged.The vertical organization of the site, the choice of facilities and plants, and the ecological landscape solutions are all facing innovative needs. The landscape designers have provided multi-angle solutions and innovative ideas for the sponge city from the perspective of landscape, and made outstanding contributions to the integration of functions and landscapes.

Nanning Shimen Forest Park Comprehensive Sponge Real Scene after Heavy Rain Yang Menghan/photo

The construction of sponge city has been carried out for more than four years. From the perspective of function and landscape integration, the combination of road greening and sponge city construction is particularly worth discussing. It is undoubtedly a very important measure to use road attached green space as the control space for road rainwater runoff and reduce runoff pollution. At present, there are not many projects with good landscape. The main problems are the traditional road section form, road planning and height difference, which are not applicable to the new rainwater control and utilization methods in the new period. When the height difference between the rain mouth and the road surface and green space is well coordinated, it is often difficult to solve the broken ridge, which is not conducive to the protection of the shoulder and the landscape. Therefore, at present, China still needs in-depth practice, summary, and explore appropriate ways in many aspects such as the control mode of road rainwater runoff pollution, the role of green space, and the more optimized road section form.

From the construction of pilot cities, the top-level design is the most important. The wrong functional orientation or unclear functional orientation restricts the effectiveness of the sponge city construction project to some extent, and even hinders the further comprehensive promotion of the sponge city construction. I have met some plans that require the indicators of green space projects to "absorb the rainwater of green space and surrounding construction land, and the rainwater will not be discharged once every 50 years" in order to relieve waterlogging. As a green space with recreational function, there is no way to achieve the comprehensive functional requirements of recreation, safety, landscape and waterlogging storage under such indicators. Reasonable planning, positioning and design of solutions are the necessary prerequisites to achieve both landscape and function.

The choice of plants and practical research are still on the road. Traditional garden design has formed the experience of plant selection in long-term design, construction and maintenance, which is the best choice based on different soil, climate, environment and other conditions, and has a scientific basis based on local conditions. In the construction of sponge city, a lot of plant growth space contrary to the traditional model has been practiced, some of which really belong to the designer’s blind imagination, while others need plant observation and selection through project field practice rather than laboratory practice. Only through a lot of practical work, can we choose suitable plants, so that the garden landscape can show its due vitality while exerting its functions.

4. Liu Hongwei: Since the implementation of the pilot project of sponge city construction, what impressed you about the pilot cities and construction projects that you participated in or guided?

● Zhu Zhihong: When you walk through several pilot cities, you will find that each city has some different natural and geographical features, and combined with plant and architectural features, it shows strong differences in style and features. In the convergent development of urbanization, although they all face the challenges of old city reconstruction and new city construction guidelines, all localities have combined their own characteristics and resource advantages, kept upright and innovated, and formed a systematic method of sponge city construction with their own characteristics. Although they all carry out the concept of sponge city, adhere to the idea of "source emission reduction-process control-system governance" and comprehensively apply various measures of "infiltration, stagnation, storage, purification, use and discharge", many urban innovations have explored different models that can be popularized and replicated.

For example, Chongqing is a mountainous city with large natural height difference, steep rain slopes and serious runoff erosion. In terms of technical measures, we use technical means such as "high slope storage and low slow discharge, infiltration and reuse to promote circulation" to develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and to discharge quickly and slow down the flow, so as to deal with the unique problems in the construction of mountain sponge cities. Another example is Baicheng, which needs to deal with the technical problems of freezing and thawing in the cold and water-deficient areas in the north. When I visited Baicheng for the first time, the freezing and thawing phenomenon in the cold area in the north was beyond my imagination. Conventional permeable pavement could not adapt to the high latitude and cold environment, so it became a difficult problem to solve the problem of snow melting agent invasion and frost heaving damage of permeable pavement. There are also comprehensive sponges in Shimen Forest Park in Nanning.

In addition to the pilot cities mentioned above, there are many other pilot cities that have left a deep impression on me. As a brand-new concept and way of urban development, it is far from enough to put the first principle of sponge city into practice according to local conditions, staying at the conceptual level and copying it. Therefore, in the promotion of the concept of sponge city, all localities should deeply discover their own problems and characteristics, innovate mechanisms, innovative technologies and innovative models, and establish their own development ideas of sponge city according to local conditions.

5. Liu Hongwei: In addition to the pilot project of sponge city construction supported by the central government, pilot projects at provincial and municipal levels are also being carried out one after another throughout the country. What do you think of the progress of the pilot projects at provincial and municipal levels? Any specific suggestions?

● Zhu Zhihong: First, actively carry out study and research on pilot cities. The detours in the pilot and the lessons of failure in practice are very valuable experiences. If the pilot cities can contribute these, the sponge cities will be built more smoothly in the future.

Second, improving the mechanism plays a key role in promoting the progress of provincial and municipal pilot work, infiltrating the concept of sponge city construction into all walks of life and unconscious conscious actions, and becoming a part of the routine work of all industries and departments. In a sense, when the concept of sponge city construction is truly implemented in all aspects of urban development, it is not even necessary to set up a special sponge office or special planning for sponge city construction, so that the sponge city can truly become the ideological concept guiding our work and become the "new normal" of urban construction and development.

6. Liu Hongwei: What do you think of the development trend of sponge city construction and its specific role in exploring a development path of a city with China characteristics?

● Zhu Zhihong: Sponge City is a solution to a series of wading problems in the rapid development of urbanization with China characteristics under the background of contemporary ecological civilization construction in China. China city builders and managers have given great affirmation to the theory of sponge city, which has also caused a lot of thoughts and debates on the concept, technical approaches and existing problems of sponge city construction at different levels. Undoubtedly, sponge city is an urban development mode to improve the quality of new urbanization and promote the harmonious development between man and nature. However, the practice and exploration of sponge city is still in the initial stage, from clarifying the concepts of various indicators and facilities, to exploring technology and correcting direction, etc., all need to be further studied. At the same time, the spread of the concept and technology of sponge city requires a lot of in-depth training for urban builders at all levels. Personally, I think that as far as landscape architects are concerned, many people just memorize the term "sponge city", but they still have a little knowledge of specific professional knowledge and need to study in depth.

The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018 pointed out: "The concept of China sponge city is an excellent sample of nature-based solutions." China Municipal Government adheres to the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, actively explores ways to ensure water safety, improve water environment and restore water ecology, and has accumulated some experience. Although the construction of sponge city is accompanied by many disputes, the effect of the pilot project is gradually emerging, and the concept and connotation of sponge city are being further enriched. "If you don’t accumulate steps, there will be no miles; If you don’t accumulate small streams, you can’t become rivers and seas. " The construction of sponge city can not be achieved overnight, nor can it be achieved by centralized construction once and for all. It is a systematic and long-term work. In the process of pilot construction, pilot cities have worked hard to explore and formulate a number of long-term mechanisms. The policy system, technical system, management system and industrial system of sponge city construction are gradually being formed and improved, which has accumulated inexhaustible power for the long-term development of sponge city construction. The demonstration and incentive function of the excellent model benchmark will gradually emerge.

China’s characteristic city development road must be an innovative road. The integration of city and nature takes time, and the construction of sponge city has a long way to go and needs constant practice and exploration. However, the bright spot of the pilot construction makes us full of hope and confidence in the "sponge city".

Beijing Zhengban made [2001] No.98

　　The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　In order to implement the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Further Rectifying and Standardizing the Order of the Construction Market (Guo Ban Fa [2001] No.81, hereinafter referred to as the Notice) and further standardize the order of the construction market in this Municipality, with the consent of the municipal government, relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, raise awareness and clarify the key points of rectification

　　The construction market is an important part of the socialist market economic system. A standardized and orderly construction market plays an extremely important role in the city’s economic development and social stability, improving the urban environment and residents’ living conditions, preparing for the 2008 Olympic Games and completing the large-scale urban reconstruction and construction tasks currently under way. All localities, departments and units must, from the height of implementing Theory of Three Represents, understand and do a good job in rectifying and standardizing the order of the construction market, enhance their sense of responsibility and urgency, and earnestly take responsibility in accordance with the unified requirements of the municipal government in order to achieve practical results. At present, we should focus on the following six aspects:

　　(a) to investigate and deal with the problems of evading bidding and practicing fraud in bidding activities according to law;

　　(two) to investigate and deal with the problems of survey, design, construction unit subcontracting, illegal subcontracting and illegal transfer of supervision business by supervision units, as well as unlicensed or leapfrog contracting of engineering business;

　　(three) to investigate and deal with violations of legal construction procedures such as not handling construction permits, not handling completion acceptance and filing, and not implementing project supervision according to regulations;

　　(four) to investigate and deal with the problems of not implementing the mandatory standards for engineering construction and cutting corners according to law;

　　(5) Resolutely correct the problem that the competent government departments fail to administer and supervise and enforce the law according to law;

　　(six) vigorously rectify and standardize the decoration engineering activities and decoration materials market order, to ensure the quality of decoration engineering.

　　Two, fully open the city’s construction market.

　　Resolutely implement the "Regulations of the State Council on Prohibiting Regional Blockade in Market Economy Activities" (the State Council Decree No.303rd), and fully open the city’s construction market. Cancel the original examination and approval system for foreign construction enterprises to go to Beijing for construction and all regulations restricting foreign construction enterprises to go to Beijing for construction. All survey, design, construction and supervision enterprises with business licenses and qualification certificates can participate in the bidding of this city’s projects. No unit or individual may in any way restrict or exclude enterprises from the local area and outside the system from bidding, and may not engage in regional blockade and departmental protection in any way. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of the construction market, and those "leather bag" companies that do not have the corresponding qualifications and engage in qualifications and construction enterprises that violate laws and regulations and have major engineering quality and safety accidents, whether local enterprises or foreign enterprises, are not allowed to enter the city’s construction market.

　　Third, further improve the physical construction market and create an open, just and fair competitive environment.

　　On the basis that the construction, supervision and equipment procurement of the city’s construction projects have entered the physical construction market for bidding, as soon as possible, the professional projects such as survey, design and material procurement, water, electricity, gas, heat, communication and fire protection will be brought into the physical construction market for bidding, not only the general contracting projects, but also the professional and labor subcontracting projects.

　　Improve and perfect the physical construction market system. The central market, the specialized market and the sub-markets of all districts and counties should have unified rules, coordinated operation and hierarchical management. The physical construction market must be decoupled from government departments, and personnel and functions should be separated. All physical construction markets should make public their work systems and procedures, and collect fees in strict accordance with the approved charging items and standards. It is necessary to improve the expert database of bid evaluation as soon as possible, expand the number and specialty of bid evaluation experts, formulate methods for expert bid evaluation, standardize bid evaluation behavior, strengthen the dynamic management of bid evaluation experts, and create an open, just and fair market competition environment for bidding parties.

　　Four, strictly implement the owner responsibility system, strengthen the management of statutory construction procedures.

　　Strictly implement the owner responsibility system of construction projects or the project legal person system. The owner or the project legal person is the first responsible person of the project, responsible for the whole process of the project construction, fully responsible for the project investment benefit and project quality, and bear corresponding economic and legal responsibilities according to law. To implement the owner responsibility system, we must standardize the market behavior of owners according to law.

　　(a) standardize the bidding behavior. All projects that should be subject to tender or open tender according to law must be subject to tender or open tender. If the owner does not have the ability to prepare tender documents and organize tender, he should entrust a bidding agency with corresponding qualifications to handle the tender. The owner shall not dismember the project contracted by a unit, force the contractor to bid at a price lower than the cost, make the bidder whose bid price is lower than the reasonable cost win the bid, make the contractor’s "advance payment" as a condition for winning the bid, and even sign an "underground contract" with the contractor. Those who violate the above provisions shall be severely punished according to law.

　　(two) strictly implement the statutory construction procedures. In particular, it is necessary to strictly implement the construction drawing design document review, construction permit, completion acceptance and filing system, and effectively grasp the project start-up and delivery. The owner or the project legal person shall submit the construction drawing design documents to the unit entrusted by the Municipal Planning Commission for review, and the construction drawing design documents that have not been examined and approved or failed after examination and are still unqualified after modification shall not be used, and those that are used without authorization shall be investigated for responsibility according to law; No construction permit shall be issued to those who do not meet the statutory starting conditions; Any unit or individual that has not obtained the construction permit shall not allow the construction enterprise to start construction; Those who start work without obtaining a construction permit shall be dealt with according to law; After the completion of the project, the owner shall organize the acceptance according to law, file with the construction administrative department and submit the completed files to the urban construction archives. Those that have not been accepted or failed to pass the acceptance shall not be delivered for use. If it is delivered for use without acceptance or unqualified acceptance, once it is discovered, it shall be ordered to stop using it and reorganize the acceptance. The Municipal Construction Committee should revise the measures for the administration of construction permits as soon as possible, simplify the examination and approval procedures and shorten the examination and approval time.

　　(3) Vigorously solve the problem of project arrears. Construction projects within the scope of this Municipality shall implement construction funds in accordance with relevant regulations. If the construction funds are not implemented, the construction administrative department shall not issue a construction permit. During the construction, the owner shall pay the project payment according to the contract. If the project progress payment is defaulted in violation of the contract, the construction enterprise may stop the construction and claim the shutdown loss from the owner according to law. After the completion of the project, if the project payment has not been fully allocated according to the contract, the construction enterprise and the supervision unit may not sign the completion acceptance document, the construction administrative department shall not handle the completion filing procedures, and shall not issue the construction permit to its new project. In order to establish a project risk management system with project guarantee and insurance as the main contents, it is necessary to implement the performance guarantee system of contractors and the payment guarantee system of construction units at present to ensure the normal performance of project contracts.

　　Five, strengthen the qualification management, strict market access and clearance system.

　　All engineering survey, design, construction, supervision and bidding agencies must obtain the corresponding qualification certificates according to law, and engage in corresponding engineering construction activities within the scope permitted by their qualification grades. Illegal subcontracting, linking, illegal subcontracting and undertaking engineering business without a license or leapfrog are strictly prohibited. Units that commit the above-mentioned illegal acts or have major engineering quality and safety accidents shall be downgraded according to law, and their qualification certificates shall be revoked if the circumstances are serious; Registered architects, structural engineers, supervision engineers, cost engineers and other registered practitioners and project managers of construction enterprises who are directly responsible shall be ordered to stop practicing or revoke their qualification certificates; If the circumstances are bad, registration will not be granted for life. At present, in accordance with the deployment of the Ministry of Construction, we should conscientiously do a good job in putting the qualifications in place, optimize the industrial organization structure through putting the qualifications in place, effectively form an enterprise pattern of three sequences: construction general contracting, professional contracting (sub-contracting) and labor subcontracting, and establish a scientific and reasonable project general subcontracting system.

　　Construction administrative departments at all levels should strengthen the supervision and management of enterprise qualifications. For construction enterprises (including non-local enterprises) engaged in architectural survey, design and construction in this city, management files should be established and follow-up management should be implemented. Their business performance, bad business behaviors (mainly ten behaviors listed in Article 14 of the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Enterprise Qualification No.87 issued by the Ministry of Construction) and illegal behaviors should be recorded in the management files, which will serve as an important basis for assessing enterprise qualifications and annual inspection.

　　Six, standardize the building decoration market

　　Strengthen the supervision of the city’s architectural decoration, especially the residential decoration, focusing on the unauthorized change of the main body and load-bearing structure of the building in the decoration project according to law. For changes involving the main body of the building and the load-bearing structure, the original design unit or a design unit with corresponding qualifications must be entrusted to put forward the design scheme before construction. In decoration construction, construction enterprises should strictly implement the regulations on preventing environmental pollution and control the influence of dust, waste, noise and vibration on the surrounding environment. According to the relevant standards, it is forbidden to use materials harmful to human body in decoration engineering. It is necessary to implement the "Several Provisions on Strengthening the Management of Family Room Decoration of Newly-built Commercial Residential Buildings (for Trial Implementation)" (J.J.F. [2001] No.616), and advocate that when developing commercial residential buildings, the home decoration should be integrated with the main structure of the residential buildings and sold after the construction is in place; Advocate the introduction of supervision mechanism into the home improvement market.

　　Seven, strictly implement the mandatory standards for engineering construction.

　　Mandatory standards for engineering construction are technical regulations, which must be strictly implemented by the owner and the survey, design, construction and supervision units. To strengthen the supervision and management of construction drawing design review, according to the State Council’s "Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects" (Order No.279 of the State Council) and relevant mandatory standards, implement their respective project quality responsibilities, and prevent the quality of the project from being reduced due to one-sided pursuit of low cost and time limit for a project. It is strictly forbidden to make shoddy work and cut corners. Strictly implement the national and municipal regulations on safety production, environmental protection and civilized construction and relevant construction specifications, earnestly strengthen the management of safety production, environmental protection and civilized construction, strive to eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, and seriously control pollution such as dust and noise. Construction administrative departments and relevant professional departments should strengthen the inspection of the implementation of laws, regulations, mandatory standards for engineering construction and various norms according to law, and punish the directly responsible units and responsible persons who violate relevant regulations according to law. In case of major quality and safety accidents, not only the responsible units and persons should be severely punished according to law, but also their superior leaders and supervisors should be held accountable.

　　Eight, strengthen law enforcement, and severely punish violations of laws and regulations.

　　Strengthen the supervision of the construction market, but also supervise and inspect the whole process of the winning project, and earnestly enforce the law strictly and punish those who violate the law. While doing a good job in professional law enforcement inspection in planning, construction and planning, industry and commerce, labor, price, environmental protection, technical supervision and other departments, we should give full play to the role of social supervision, encourage the masses to report illegal acts, strengthen the comprehensive management of the construction market, and effectively curb illegal acts. Regularly publish law enforcement inspections, especially typical cases of violations of laws and regulations that have a certain impact on society, and should be publicly exposed to play a deterrent and warning role.

　　Nine, establish and improve the legal system, strengthen the construction of law enforcement team.

　　According to the deployment of the State Council and the municipal government, on the basis of cleaning up the existing local laws, regulations and normative documents that violate the relevant national laws, WTO rules and market economy laws, we will promptly formulate regulations and normative documents such as Several Provisions on Supervision and Management of Bidding for Construction Projects in Beijing, Measures for Management of Bidding Agencies in Beijing, Measures for Management of Building Materials in Beijing, and Several Provisions for Solving Project Payment Arrears in Beijing, so as to further establish and improve the legal system of Beijing’s construction market.

　　It is necessary to strengthen the construction of the law enforcement team, solve the problems of the organization, establishment and funds of the law enforcement team, select people with high political quality, legal knowledge, professional knowledge and good quality to join the law enforcement team, strengthen professional training and clean government education for law enforcement personnel, improve rules and regulations, strictly enforce the law procedures, and continuously improve the level of law enforcement.

　　Ten, standardize government behavior

　　Relevant government departments and their management institutions should constantly strengthen their own construction, standardize their own behavior, strengthen their sense of responsibility, and administer according to law. At the same time, it is necessary to enhance service awareness, streamline examination and approval items, simplify procedures, open the system of handling affairs, and improve work efficiency. Through the further implementation of "one-stop" service, an open, transparent and efficient administrative mechanism will be established.

　　It is necessary to fully exercise computer and information network technology, strengthen government supervision means, pay close attention to establishing three databases of enterprise status, professional and technical personnel and project management, and make the basic information, performance and illegal records of enterprises and professional and technical personnel, the implementation of statutory construction procedures for engineering projects, quality and safety accidents, etc. through the network.