分类归档 sports

"Everyone else is sunbathing and eating in the circle of friends. I am looking for a house throughout the holiday and I have to light candles when I go home at night." Recently, Huang Ting (pseudonym), who was full of grievances, said that he had never thought that he had just entered the society from the university and suffered such a blow.

In several rights groups, there are more than 200 people, like Huang Ting and Ms. Wang. Some are tenants and some are landlords. Because the intermediary company has been in arrears for several months, the landlord can’t collect the rent and has to drive away the tenants.

The reporter’s investigation found that there are tricks behind these intermediary companies, and the former employees of the company said that "there are all routines inside". One of the intermediary companies also threatened reporters that "you will lose your job if you report again".

I was evicted by the landlord just after two days.

In August this year, Huang Ting, who just graduated from university, finally found a good job in Wuhan. For the convenience of going to work, she rented a single room in Hankou and rented 800 yuan every month.

"A house was divided into four single rooms by the intermediary and lived in four tenants. The rent is paid for one and three, plus the property fee for a whole year, totaling 3,800 yuan. " Huang Ting said that several "neighbors" who live together are also office workers who have just graduated. In order to make the living environment better, everyone bought wallpaper and plastic flowers respectively and decorated the room.

Who knows, on the third day, Huang Ting and two other roommates were blocked in the house by the landlord. The landlord said that the house was entrusted to the housing agency "Anju Weiye", but the company has been in arrears for one quarter. "The landlord asked us to move out within three days, otherwise we would throw our things out." Huang Ting said that she immediately called the intermediary company, but the other party said, "You signed a contract with the company, and no one has the right to kick you out. If someone forces you to leave, you can call the police. "

"It’s not easy for the landlord to see us. Knowing that we are also victims, he said to give us a few days’ grace and wait until we find a new house before moving out." Huang Ting said that she had spent all her savings in renting this house, and it was difficult to take time off to look for a house after she had just worked. After several other roommates moved out one after another, she still "stayed" and dragged on for more than half a month.

"The landlord couldn’t stand it at last. He cut off the water and electricity directly, and he was rude to speak. Let me get out." Huang Ting said that she can understand the landlord’s feelings, but due to objective conditions, she can only "stay" until the National Day holiday before she can find a new house.

Yesterday, she borrowed 2000 yuan from her classmates and rented a smaller single room again, ready to move in that night. "I’ve been lighting candles for half a month. I can’t stand the lack of electricity and water." Huang Ting said that she had repeatedly asked Anju Weiye for the remaining rent, but the other party still told the same story: the landlord had no right to ask the tenant to move out, and if the landlord harassed the tenant, the tenant could call the police. If the tenant moved out on his own, it was a free act, and the intermediary company could not refund the remaining rent.

"I also reported to the police. After the police arrived at the scene, they said that this was a contract dispute and let me mediate with the intermediary and the landlord." Huang Ting said that she persisted for more than a month and reported to the industrial and commercial departments and the housing management departments successively, with no results. She decided to give up her rights protection and start a new life.

More than 200 people are caught in a "triangular debt"

Through Huang Ting, the reporter has met several other tenants and landlords, who belong to different real estate agencies and have encountered the same problem.

"I gave the house to the intermediary and signed a three-year contract, with a total rent of more than 70,000 yuan, which was paid quarterly. The intermediary company also asked for rent-free for the first two months, and I agreed. Now, they owe me a quarter’s rent, which has been delayed for more than half a month. " The landlord, Ms. Guo, said that she also visited the tenants and found that all the tenants were young, about the same age as her own children, and could not bear to evict them immediately, but the house could not always let these tenants live for free.

"I went to the intermediary, and the intermediary directly said that there was no money. Let me agree to postpone payment for three months, or let me call the police. This is completely rogue. I can’t ask the tenant for money again, and the intermediary has this attitude, so I have to drive the tenant out. " Ms. Guo said that she joined a rights protection WeChat group, which has more than 120 members, most of whom are tenants and a small number of landlords, all of whom are caught in a "triangular debt" because of "living in a good home".

In another rights group, there are 84 members, and their situation is more complicated than that of Huang Ting.

"We met three companies, Pengcheng Land, Yicheng Land and Jiangcheng Land. These three companies don’t know anything about each other and can’t explain clearly." Miss Chen, the tenant, said that she rented a single room at A2206 Pengcheng International Building at the street crossing in April through the intermediary company "Pengcheng Land". In August, she was approached by the landlord and asked to move out. Miss Chen went to Pengcheng International Building to negotiate and found that the building was empty.

"Call in the past, they said they moved to the cherry blossom building in Wuchang. However, when I went to the Sakura Building, I found that the sign of’ Yicheng Land’ was hung, and the other party said that it had nothing to do with them. " Miss Chen said that in the rights protection group, many people signed contracts with Pengcheng Land, and now they don’t know who to look for to protect their rights.

The landlord Cai Min (pseudonym) entrusted the house to the intermediary company "Jiangcheng Land" in Room A2506 of Pengcheng International at the beginning of this year. In September this year, she went to Room A2506 of Pengcheng International because the rent was in arrears, and found that the building was empty. As a last resort, she also issued a "eviction order" to tenants.

Frequently changing the "vest", there are tricks behind the three companies.

The reporter of Wuhan Evening News inquired through the national enterprise credit information publicity system and found that there was a certain relationship among Wuhan Pengcheng Real Estate Agency Co., Ltd., Wuhan Yicheng Real Estate Agency Co., Ltd. and Wuhan Jiangcheng Real Estate Agency Co., Ltd.

According to the system search, the relevant registration information of "Pengcheng Land" cannot be found. However, according to the information searched by Yicheng Land, the company was founded in 2009. On August 22nd this year, it was changed from Pengcheng Land to Yicheng Land, and its registered address was changed from Pengcheng International A2206 to Sakura Mansions A2001 and A2002. Moreover, in September last year, the company changed its legal person from Zhao Huifeng to Liang Meng, and in May this year, it was changed from Liang Meng to Liu Zining.

According to the search of "Jiangcheng Land", the company was established in April 2015, the date of license approval was June 6 this year, and the registered address was Pengcheng International A2506. In June this year, the legal person of the company was changed from Xu Jing to Liang Meng.

In 58 cities, you can also find the recruitment posted by Pengcheng Land in the last two days, which shows that its company address is "Sakura Building A2002".

The reporter went to "Yicheng Real Estate" for an interview. A man surnamed Liu said with a northeast accent: "Yicheng and Jiangcheng used to be Pengcheng Real Estate, but later they set up separate companies. In the past, when I was in Pengcheng, there were three partners, each with his own team, who jointly used the contract of "Pengcheng Land", but the list signed by each member was counted by each team. Now that the partners are dismissed, Pengcheng Land is gone. Some people come with the contract of Pengcheng Land, saying that what disputes occur depends on which team member signed the contract at the beginning. If it is signed by our people, I will recognize it. It may also be signed by other teams, so go to another company. "

The reporter showed him the information found on the industrial and commercial website, indicating that from industrial and commercial registration, "Yicheng Land" was changed from "Pengcheng Land", and the tenant and landlord took the contract of "Pengcheng Land" to find it. Should "Yicheng Land" be handled? The man surnamed Liu said, "What about the change? It has nothing to do with us. Why are you looking for us?".

The reporter of Wuhan Evening News contacted a salesman named Bao of "Jiangcheng Land" by telephone on the contract, asking about the company’s new office location and whether it was in arrears with the landlord’s rent. The other party said: "My phone is always open. If there is any problem, let them contact me directly. I have nothing to tell the media."

The reporter was threatened by the scene to "smash the rice bowl"

When the reporter interviewed "Anju Weiye", he met several tenants and the landlord who were negotiating on the spot. The landlord was asking for rent. The tenant was reporting that the house had been cut off and the landlord asked for the house. Due to the tenant’s alarm, two police officers came to the scene. The police checked the relevant information of both parties and asked the tenant to negotiate with the intermediary and then left.

A burly man, also with a northeast accent, loudly reprimanded the tenant: "You are quite capable, aren’t you calling the police?" If the landlord catches you in the future, don’t look for me, and then call the police! "

When the reporter expressed his wish for an interview, the man replied loudly: "What’s so exciting? It was reported by you last year, and now the company has no money and can’t collect the rent because it was reported. If you report again, we’ll come to you. Wait, I’ll smash your job. Do you believe it? !”

When the reporter saw that the interview could not be carried out, he turned and went downstairs, and found that there were seven or eight people downstairs who rushed to the tenants and landlords and were preparing to organize a delegation to negotiate.

"We went to the Housing Authority and said that it was under the control of the industry and commerce. The industry and commerce said that we should call the police. When the police came, they said that we should coordinate or prosecute ourselves. After dragging on for more than half a month, these people now know the attitude of the relevant departments, and they become very evil, and they are always threatening us. We are too few to go up. " The landlord, Ms. Liu, said that people who have been dragged into disputes are all over Wuhan, and everyone has been dragged out.

Former employees said that "it is full of routines."

Last summer, and at the beginning of this year, many local media in Wuhan reported one after another that the tenants were driven away by the landlord because the real estate agents did not pay the rent after collecting it. The Wuhan Housing Authority also publicized 16 real estate agencies in the Wuhan Evening News to remind the public of the transaction risks.

Through these reported company names, the Wuhan Evening News reporter found six or seven former employees who had worked in different companies such as Pengcheng Land and Jiangcheng Land, and learned some inside information from them.

Yan Yan (pseudonym) only left Pengcheng Land in early September this year because "I feel that some practices are unacceptable to me". Listening to the reporter talking about the recent dispute, she bluntly said that "there are routines here."

Yan Yan introduced that when the company rents a house, it will be rented into small single rooms. After signing a contract with the landlord, things will not be controlled by the landlord. "The intermediary will ask the landlord to waive the rent for one month or two months on the grounds of time buffer. On the other hand, the intermediary will collect rent from tenants on a quarterly or even annual basis, and then repeatedly collect property fees, health fees, elevator fees and so on. When the money is received, the intermediary has the final say. They use the time difference to take it out for investment or take it elsewhere for turnover, and sometimes there will be arrears. " Yan Yan said that once the landlord and tenant come to the door, the intermediary will first patiently find reasons to delay, and finally will even be scared and even rogue. If there is a tenant or landlord with excessive behavior, the intermediary will call the police.

"For tenants, things have gone wrong, and the most important issue is to find a foothold again; For the landlord, the house is in the hands of the intermediary, and the most important issue is to generate value as soon as possible. After complaints from various departments, they found that they could only sue, but the prosecution took a long time and could not solve the immediate problems. " Yan Yan said that she worked in Pengcheng International Building’s "Pengcheng Land" for half a year, and later moved to Sakura Building, and found that they were all the same routines, and she resigned decisively after "feeling uneasy inside".

(The original title is "More than 200 people are trapped in the intermediary routine! College graduates were driven away as soon as they checked in.)

Special feature of 1905 film network She tried her best in every role, just waiting for the best opportunity to appear.She never exaggerates her true colors, but lets her immerse herself in the movie characters and breathe with them.She is the French actress who was voted as the top of the world’s "Top 100 Most Beautiful Faces" — — .

The French media praised her: "It’s so sweet that you will smile even in your dreams."

Many people know marion cotillard from the beginning of the French box office champion, known as the comedy version of "Speed and Passion".

Although there are not many scenes in Cotillard, the charming appearance and sweet smile make the audience deeply remember this girl, and she was also shortlisted for the Best Newcomer Actress Award in the 24th French Caesar Award for her "Taxi Express".

The series of movies "Taxi Express" made her succeed in attracting countless powders, and she accumulated acting skills and popularity, which laid the foundation for her to knock on the door of Hollywood.

Five years later, marion cotillard, who tried Hollywood for the first time, tried out a Hollywood fantasy movie.

But what really made the French actor knock on the door of Hollywood was acting in a biopic.

La vie en rose tells the story of the 47-year life of edith piaf, the most famous and beloved legendary French singer.

Her music has sung the love and life, joy and sadness of France for half a century, and is the swan song of the times.

The production team of "la vie en rose" is very strong, and the production cost is also high. It is regarded as the most important French work by the international film circle.

In order to match edith piaf’s romantic feelings, "la vie en rose" was grandly shown in 800 cinemas all over France on February 14th, 2007, setting a record for the largest number of French literature and art films in cinemas.

"la vie en rose" stills

"My life has been completely changed."When learning that edith piaf, aged 20 to 47, will be played, marion cotillard was both excited and frightened. "Everyone who knows Piaf is still alive. She is such a legendary figure. I absolutely can’t screw it up. They won’t allow me to screw everything up, so I must have a good performance. "

It is actually very difficult to interpret this public figure with extreme spiritual world and complicated life experience. In order to truly blend in with the role, marion cotillard put down the beautiful light ring and completely changed his voice, posture and appearance, successfully presenting edith piaf’s inner world almost perfectly.

"la vie en rose" stills

Her unwillingness and loneliness, talent and anxiety, like edith piaf’s soul possession, have vividly interpreted the life of a generation of "French Queen chansons" and reflected the humbleness and greatness of life.

"la vie en rose" stills

Marion cotillard won the Golden Globe Award, French Caesar Award and Oscar Award for her outstanding performance in the biopic la vie en rose as the best actress in three heavyweight awards in the film field.

Defeated the "Devil" who competed with her for the Oscar for Best Actress, making her the second French woman to win the Oscar for Best Actress in history, and the first actress to win an Oscar for her French film.

This movie made marion start her own la vie en rose, and then she appeared frequently in Hollywood movies.

The retro and mysterious temperament in Paris makes us seem to return to the golden age of Paris, follow the film through time and space, and fall in love with this lazy and casual woman.

In the film, marion cotillard won the 16th annual hollywood film awards Actress of the Year Award for her role as a philanthropist of noble Leng Yan.

In the movie, she is the "dead wife" Mel that Cobb (acted the role of) is deeply infatuated with. Blurred eyes and secretive words make people feel like they are in a "dream".

In the hero’s subconscious, she is cold and determined, while the real one is more confused and hesitant.

This kind of double-faced role is once again staged in the love spy war movie broadcast on today’s movie channel.

In the film, in order to fulfill the common vision of assassinating the German ambassador, the allied counterintelligence agent Max (played) and the French spy undercover Marianne (played by marion cotillard) pretend to be husband and wife.

War-torn European battlefields, glamorous ladies’ balls, seemingly quiet, are actually hidden dangers.

Stills of spy league

As a spy, Marianne is smart, calm and ruthless in the face of the battlefield, and she is in the undercurrent camp, but when she returns home, she should also show her gentleness and virtue in the eyes of her husband.

During her acting career, marion cotillard played the role of the protagonist’s wife in many films, which ended in tragedy.

Fortunately, in reality, it makes up for the regret of the role.

Just like by meeting his own Prince Charming, by meeting his future husband, marion cotillard also met his destiny takes a hand’s other half, guillaume canet.

The love that ended tragically on the screen finally extended happily outside the screen in reality.

From her debut to becoming a Hollywood superstar, her counterattack took only ten years. There is luck here, but also has its own strength and the unique charm of French women.

Today, marion cotillard is still active in the film and television stage, and her la vie en rose will continue to bloom slowly!

At 13: 40 on November 2nd, the movie channel will broadcast "Spy League" starring marion cotillard, and let’s watch the tragic love story under the flames of war.

Editor’s note: Work is a big part of our life. Not only does it take up the bulk of adult life in time, but the office is also the place that most people are familiar with and spend the most time. The most common office layout now is the traditional cubicle, and the employees are relatively isolated; And the open-plan office, everyone is in the same big space. Although the traditional cubicle is boring, the interference of open office is often criticized. So, how to design an office to meet the needs of employees for independent space and cooperative atmosphere at the same time? This paper puts forward two bold ideas of designers. This article is compiled from the original article entitled "I want to work in the future" by Fast Company.

It’s the last two or three hours before work, and colleagues are busy again. You still have work to finish, so you put on headphones to keep your concentration. But it’s no use. You can still see a colleague showing off what he has learned newly, or you can hear the voice of chatting. At this moment, you can’t help thinking, if only I could work in the cubicle.

Nowadays, the most popular office layout is the open office, and some people miss the traditional cubicle. The cubicle is really boring, but at least the work can be finished. If you were to design a new type of cubicle in the 21st century, what would you do?

So we put this question to Rapt design studio, where there are many experts in office space design. They put forward two concepts that are very uncomfortable, both of which can give employees private space so that they can concentrate on their work and have room for cooperation and discussion among colleagues. I have to say, both are extreme.

Rapt Studio’s designer’s vision is:Every employee can work in an independent private space when he needs it. The key point is that each independent cubicle has four short feet, and the cubicle is moved by small warehouse robots.According to the needs of team members, the robot will move the cubicle to the target position of the day. For example, if you are busy with a lot of work today, you can be assigned an independent cubicle to help you concentrate; If your schedule today is a one-day meeting, there is no need to use private space. Your cubicle can be split and merged with other cubicles to form a larger office space where colleagues sit together. Robots can move in real time, and office space planning can also be adjusted in real time.

Now, it seems like a fantasy, but Galereau, the design director and CEO of Rapt, thinks that the speed of technological progress is much faster than we thought, and maybe this idea was realized earlier than we thought. He said that Rapt Studio has already talked with interested customers about how to rearrange the office space to meet the changing needs of the team.The key is that the office should be empty enough so that it is convenient to move.Galereau believes that many offices like open-plan offices, which is the reason (of course, the cost of open-plan offices is lower than that of traditional offices). Many companies know that employees don’t like the feeling of privacy in open-plan offices, and they are not as flexible as they think. So,The design problem of office space lies in how to meet the two needs of privacy and flexibility at the same time."From an architectural point of view, how can we design the office to be flexible and meet everyone’s needs for independent space?" Galereau said.Robots can solve this problem. Robots driven by machine learning technology can continuously learn the needs of employees, and then make the best solution to maximize the overall efficiency of the office.

At work, employees are eager for private space and need a cooperative atmosphere. For such office needs, Rapt Studio put forward a second novel idea. “If we can create a non-toxic fog as a barrier between personal spaces, we can create a light-and sound-proof private space.What he and his team envisioned was to let the fog pervade the whole office space, and put a fan-like device in the corner where employees work to "blow open" a space. In this way, everyone works in an independent bubble in the foggy office without disturbing each other. Galereau called it a "privacy hole".

Everyone’s bubble moves with them, so that they can walk anywhere in the office without obstacles. If you want to meet and discuss with your colleagues, they just need to come to the appointed place, and the two bubbles will be integrated into one big bubble, and mutual communication will not affect others.

This concept sounds crazy at first glance, but the designers of Rapt Studio obviously want to completely forget the design concept of the existing office space. After all, for people who hate open-plan offices, fog is still attractive if they are disturbed by the voice of colleagues talking on the phone and have to choose between them.

The traditional cubicle has become a boring and rigid symbol in our concept, but these two ideas of Rapt Studio are very unique. Are you asking me if it’s practical? It may not be very practical. But the purpose of planning this activity is to make people realize that employees need both independent space and social space when they are working. For Gallero, the design of future office space needs both needs. "There are many ways to communicate between people. We are all eager to communicate with others … but what we need is more meaningful and quality communication and meaningful solitude time. " Galereau said.

Produced by the compilation team. Editor: Hao Pengcheng

The pictures of Xinhua Dictionary are provided by the Commercial Press.

The joyful scene when the students received Xinhua Dictionary. Image courtesy of the Commercial Press.

Figure 1

Figure ii

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

　　[The editor said]

　　editorial comment/note

　　Xinhua Dictionary is the most influential modern Chinese dictionary in New China. Xinhua Dictionary has been compiled and published since 1950. It has been 70 years since it was published in the 12th edition.

　　As a small Chinese reference book, it provides the most useful information of word form, sound and meaning in a small space, which is deeply loved by readers and has become a mentor and friend for hundreds of millions of people to read and learn culture. During the National Day, Bright Reading was specially planned — — The special edition on the revision of Xinhua Dictionary and the cultural development of new China shows the new achievements of socialist construction and the country’s civilization and progress with a small dictionary through the personal stories of the revisers and users of Xinhua Dictionary.

　　Xinhua Dictionary is not only the most familiar and beloved language reference book for generations of people in New China, but also one of the most iconic cultural and educational products at the beginning of the founding of New China. The compilation of Xinhua Dictionary marks the arrival of a brand-new era of unprecedented educational development and cultural popularization in China’s 5,000-year history. The publication of the 12th edition is a full demonstration of the original intention of Xinhua Dictionary to inherit the tradition, keep pace with the times and serve the Chinese people in the new era.

New China’s iconic cultural products

　　The word "Xinhua" in "Xinhua Dictionary" truly reflects its similarity with the new China — — The close ties between New China. At the beginning of the founding of New China, everything needs to be done. The national economy should be restored, national education should be popularized, and the culture of cadres and masses should be improved. A useful, applicable and authoritative dictionary that can meet the basic needs of Chinese people in learning culture and reading and writing has become an urgent and long-term need of the country and society. A famous writer and educator, Mr. Ye Shengtao, then deputy director of the General Administration of Publication of the Central People’s Government and director of the Editorial Bureau, was anxious about the urgency of the country and thought of the people, and promptly initiated the establishment of Xinhua Dictionary Society in August 1950. It has been 70 years since then, thus starting the compilation of Xinhua Dictionary, and entrusted the famous linguist Mr. Wei Jiangong to preside over the compilation, and Mr. Ye personally took the position of dictionary examination and approval. Through the efforts of Qi Xin, the chief editor and editors, Xinhua Dictionary was officially published in December 1953. As soon as Xinhua Dictionary was published, it won the love of teachers, students and hundreds of millions of people because of its high quality, convenience and ease of use. It became a mentor, friend and even lifelong companion for the masses to read, read and learn culture, and soon became the most authoritative small-scale Chinese dictionary in the eyes of all walks of life. It was also repeatedly given to foreign leaders, overseas cultural and educational institutions or rural students’ families when visiting in China as a precious gift by national leaders. 2019 "Large-scale Achievement Exhibition to Celebrate the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC)"Xinhua Dictionary counter was set up, which was filled with various editions of Xinhua Dictionary published over the years, and established its status as a symbolic cultural product of New China.

　　In 1956, the state merged the Xinhua Dictionary Society into the Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Sciences (now the Academy of Social Sciences). As a result, the compilation and revision of Xinhua Dictionary fell on the shoulders of the Institute of Linguistics, and the publishing task of the dictionary was also transferred to the Commercial Press, thus starting the cooperative relationship between the Institute of Linguistics and the Commercial Press in the compilation and publication of dictionaries for more than 60 years. Both sides worked together to maintain and continuously improve the academic quality and social influence of Xinhua Dictionary.

Lean, lean, keep pace with the times.

　　The life of dictionaries is being revised with the times. The periodical revision of dictionaries, on the one hand, is in response to the development and changes of the language itself brought about by the development and progress of the times, and on the other hand, it relies on the new achievements of academic research to continuously improve the quality of compilation, which is scientific, normative and practical, so that small dictionaries can keep improving, keep up with the times and never end, so that teachers, students and people from all walks of life can have an updated dictionary and a better dictionary in their hands and desks. Xinhua Dictionary has been revised and ushered in today’s 12th edition.

　　The revision of Xinhua Dictionary has always been a major event for the Institute of Linguistics. Every time it is revised, the institute mobilizes elite soldiers to ensure the quality of the revision. Many academic masters in history personally presided over the revision, forming the tradition that the master revised the small dictionary.

　　When each edition is released, it is also the beginning of the revision of the next edition. After the release of the 11th edition in 2011, two or three years later, we began to prepare for the revision of the 12th edition, and made preparations in all aspects, and officially started the revision in 2015. This revision is the first revision after entering a new era, and we attach great importance to it. In 2017, the original dictionary editing room was expanded into the Dictionary Compilation Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences with the strong support of the hospital leaders. The Xinhua Dictionary editing room was specially set up below to strengthen the editing work of Xinhua Dictionary. Through extensive discussion, multiple surveys, special research, key research, individual division of labor, teamwork, listening to opinions, and repeated polishing, the revision team overcame difficulties at the special moment of the epidemic and completed the final sprint of editing and proofreading with colleagues from the Commercial Press. Finally, the twelfth edition of Xinhua Dictionary was launched on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of its compilation.

A newer dictionary, a better dictionary.

　　This revision puts forward higher requirements in terms of ideology. Comprehensive inspection, strict review of manuscripts, and further enhance the positive energy of dictionaries. In addition, this revision mainly improves the contents and styles of dictionaries in the following aspects.

　　(A) to further implement the national norms to meet the needs of teaching.

　　One of the key points in this revision is to further implement the national character specification. In addition to a comprehensive collection of 8,105 standardized Chinese characters in the List of General Standardized Chinese Characters published in 2013, several new standardized characters approved after 2013 — — Some new elements, such as "[see Figure 1] (ǐ) n ǐ" [see Figure 2] (ǐ) f ǐ "[see Figure 3] (ǐ) Li" [see Figure 4] Tiá nǐ”“[ see Figure 5] ao ",etc. At the same time, according to the needs of teaching, the Chinese characters that are not included in the List of Chinese Characters of General Specification, which is involved in the latest primary school Chinese textbook compiled by the Ministry of Education, are supplemented, such as "[see Figure 6 ]qū", "Yu Yu è" and "[see Figure 7] (ruí)". Thus, the full coverage of the Chinese characters in the General Standard Chinese Character List and the primary school Chinese textbook compiled by the Ministry of Education is realized.

　　From the 1953 edition of Xinhua Dictionary, 6840 words (including variant characters) were collected, and by the 12th edition, 13000 words were collected, which nearly doubled, including 9460 standardized prefixes.

　　(two) to guide the pronunciation and the use of Chinese characters.

　　Guide pronunciation norms by adding prefixes to contemporary pronunciation. For example, the word "kui" of "scarcity" supplements the first reading of "kui" in Zhang Zhongjing’s classic of traditional Chinese medicine "synopsis of the golden chamber" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and in addition, it adds the prefix pronunciation of "horseshoe crab" to the common place name "horseshoe crab fish pond" in Hong Kong SAR. We made a special study on this word, and finally determined that the Cantonese word "horseshoe crab zé" is a more appropriate pronunciation.

　　Guide the use of Chinese characters by improving the interpretation language. For example, Shenyang’s "Shen" is regarded as a sunken "chén" in ancient books. It was previously said that "Shen" also has a pronunciation of "chén", "Shen chén is the same as ‘ Shen ’ Give people a misunderstanding that "Shen" can still be used as a sunken "Shen", and we write "Old Tong ‘ Shen ’ " Just added a word. After the whole batch of processing, it is more clear and standardized, that is, the word can be used as sunken "Shen" in the past. Today, we should not write "Shen" in Shenyang, which not only takes care of the demand for reference, but also highlights the standardization.

　　(C) add new words and new meanings to reflect contemporary language life

　　Within the capacity of small dictionaries, keep up with the times, analyze the realistic corpus, and add some new words and meanings that have been stabilized in recent years. According to the order of sound, for example, add "off the charts, Booming Red, Blogging Eye, Crowdfunding, Initial Heart, Punching in, Purchasing, Driving on behalf of the Driver, Endorsement, Receiving Payment, Like, Top Design, QR Code, Anti-corruption, Fans, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Craftsman Spirit, official website, Returnees, scalpers, Screenshots, Drunk Driving, Garbage Sorting, Support, Traffic, Naked. Some disyllabic words are quoted in square brackets under the words and given a brief explanation. For example, under "Chu", the following words are added: [Chu Xin] Initial wishes and beliefs: ~ Do not change | Do not forget ~; Some of them appear in the form of single-word examples, such as adding intangible cultural heritage under the prefix of "Fei" and adding online shopping under the meaning of "Buy". It has increased the atmosphere of our life now.

　　Add some words and expressions that are close to contemporary social life, such as the related new meanings added under the words "Ba, Bei, Chao, Chao, Dang, Gua, La, Meng, Pai, Spell, astringent and poisonous". For example, the meaning of "Meng" is added: immature and lovable: selling ~ (pretending to be cute to be lovable); This is a common word in modern times. [Charging] Adding figurative meaning: supplementing knowledge, improving skills, etc.: Only by constantly ~ can we keep up with the times.

　　According to the language facts and actual use, some definitions are improved and perfected, such as: [media] refers to the tools for disseminating information, such as newspapers, radio, television, Internet, etc.: network ~. It turns out that there is no Internet or online media in the 11th edition.

　　Combining academic research with field investigation, the entries involving geographical names were comprehensively revised. Some words have added the meaning of place names, such as "Zui": the popular word "Zui" (now mostly used for place names): Tsim Sha ~ (in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region). "Dang": the same as "Dang" (mostly used for place names), because this word is used in Macao: ~ Tsai (z? i) Island (in the Macao Special Administrative Region). Some have revised their definitions according to the changes of administrative divisions, such as "Heè ng": used for place names: Da ~ Shang (in Jizhou, Tianjin) (11th edition is "Jixian"), and now the 12th edition is written in Jizhou, Tianjin.

　　Other improvements include: illustrations pay attention to comprehensiveness and systematicness; Improve and perfect the "radical dictionary" to make it more convenient for readers to search words; Based on the actual needs of the contemporary era, the Comparison Table of New and Old Glyphs has been re-compiled, and according to the Usage of Punctuations (GB/T 15834— In 2011, the Summary of Usage of Common Punctuations was updated, and the List of Area, Population and Capital of Countries and Regions in the World, the Summary of Geological Years and the Periodic Table of Elements were updated according to new information.

　　In addition, thanks to the efforts of the Commercial Press, the 12th edition has been published synchronously for the first time. The market version has two-dimensional codes on all pages of the text, which can directly access the interface of "Xinhua Dictionary APP" through mobile phone code scanning and enjoy multimedia knowledge services.

　　As the editing unit of Xinhua Dictionary, we are well aware that this small dictionary bears the initial heart of the predecessors, the mission of the present and the hope of the future. We will, as always, make every revision with a high sense of responsibility for the country and the people, keep pace with the times and contribute the highest quality dictionaries, and live up to the word "Xinhua" in Xinhua Dictionary, so that it will last forever and enjoy a good reputation throughout China!

　　(Author: Liu Danqing, former director of the Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Social Sciences, director of the revision of the 12th edition of Xinhua Dictionary)

Speaking language planning

Wen Miao Chen Zhangtai

one

The Nature and Significance of Language Planning

(A) the emergence of language planning

Language planning is a term of applied linguistics and also a social language. The terminology of linguistics is also called "language planning", "language engineering" and "language standardization". China’s pastUsually referred to as "language movement" and "text reform", it is often referred to as "language work" recently, and someIt is called "language standardization" and "Chinese modernization".

The actual existence of language planning has a long history, but as sociolinguistics and application, A branch of linguistics, or after the second world war. Its background is:

(1) After the end of World War II, colonial countries became independent one after another. When some countries were founded, they had to carry out an important task, that is, selecting, determining, popularizing standard languages, common languages or official languages, and formulating their norms and standards.

(2) With the rapid development of post-war politics, economy, culture, education and science and technology, it is necessary to standardize and manage language and its application.

(3) After World War II, a large number of immigrants flooded into western developed countries, resulting in extremely complicated social problems of multi-culture and multi-language, such as language problems in administration, education, religion and employment, which need to be properly solved. To solve these important and urgent social language problems, it is necessary to make a comprehensive and effective plan for the language of the country and the nation, which promotes the emergence of language planning.

(B) the meaning of language planning

What is language planning? There are various opinions. Howe, who first used this term in literature. According to E.Haugen, language planning is the identification of language. This is concise, but it’s not quiteClear. S.Fishman, the pioneer and founder of language planning, believes that language planningIt is to determine and describe the decision-making process of language, its seriousness and urgency, and it needs a clear understanding.Solution requires an action theory that can provide and identify alternative solutions to existing problems.On. The Encyclopedia of China Language Volume explains that language planning is "a country or a society"The collective name of all kinds of work carried out by groups in order to manage the language. " Because language planningIt involves many non-linguistic factors, so some scholars simply call language planning "about language"The official policy. " Looking at all kinds of views and considering the actual content of language planning, weIt is believed that the basic meaning of language planning is:In order to solve the problem of language communication in society, the government or social groupsProblems in the international, purposeful, planned and organized to language and its use.Intervention and management, so that language and writing can better serve the society.

Language planning is closely related to language policy and language legislation, so there are often People regard the three as one. The contents of the three have something in common, they are interrelated and have areas.Other relationships, among whichLanguage policy is the foundation, core and administrative behavior; Language legislation is language politics.The sublimation and guarantee of policy and language planning is a legal act; Language planning is an extension of language policy.And embodiment is the concrete implementation of language laws and regulations, and the theory of language planning can also be language politics.The formulation of policies and language laws and regulations provides theoretical basis. Language planning is not only a government act, but also a society.Behavior.Each country embarks from its own interests and reality, and based on the national and government’s understanding of language.This attitude, the formulation and implementation of a wide range of language policies, some countries on this basis to develop.Detailed and specific language planning, reflecting its language policy; Some countries also carry out language legislation, which willThe important content of language policy is summarized and affirmed in the form of law; The Importance of Language PlanningThe content is also absorbed by language legislation, and language planning should be based on and implemented by language laws and regulations.It is necessary to stipulate. For example, in contemporary China, it is early for the government to ensure the language equality of all ethnic groups and promote Putonghua.The policy that has been determined and consistently implemented seriously is an important part of language planning in the past 50 years.When the economist formulated the Constitution and the Law of the State on the Common Language, he affirmed these policies.Sublimate, and give affirmation and guarantee in the form of law, clearly stipulates: "All ethnic groups have it.And the freedom to develop their own spoken and written languages. ""The state promotes Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country. " PeopleThe Law on Ethnic Regional Autonomy, Compulsory Education Law and other laws also have relevant provisions. Language politics of the governmentPolicy and language planning and conscientiously implement the provisions of national laws in this regard, more detailed,The status, relationship, function and scope of use of national languages and Putonghua are specifically defined.Another example is that the government’s language policy shows that the promotion of Putonghua is to overcome language barriers and benefit the society.Language communication, not to eliminate dialects, dialects can not be artificially eliminated, in quiteFor a long time, it will also serve the residents of various dialect areas. "National Common Language Law" affirms thatThis policy also specifies the range of dialects that can be used. The government’s language policy also states that,The implementation of standardized Chinese characters is not to abolish traditional Chinese characters, and the National Common Language and Characters Law also affirms it.This policy clearly stipulates the scope of traditional Chinese characters. Language policy, in turn, mustIt is necessary to carry out and implement these provisions of the National Law on Common Languages. Language planning must be followedAccording to these provisions, reflect the relevant laws and policies of the state.

(C) the nature of language planning

From the basic meaning of language planning, we can summarize the nature and characteristics of language planning. this Is:

1. Language planning is mainly a government behavior, with social behavior.Formulation and implementation of planning Hosted and led by the government, or authorized by the government, social organizations and academic institutions are specifically responsible for the government’s transportation.Use its administrative power to promote it. Language planning needs the support of all sectors of society and the participation of the people.And, in order to succeed. Because it is hosted by the government and attended by the public, language planning toolsHave considerable authority and sociality. Language planning in most countries in the world has this feature.Quality. Language planning also has certain personal behaviors, mainly influential social celebrities, such as famous.Linguists, writers, educators, sociologists and famous politicians, social activists, etc., theyOr directly participate in and guide the formulation of language planning, or take advantage of their social influence to participate in language rules.Row activities. The former, such as the early 19th century, passed through knudsen, a Norwegian linguist. Knudsen) and Ivar Aasen’s efforts, the national language and the new Norwegian language were determined by the government.It is the official language. The latter, such as influential politicians and social activists in some countries, theirThe influence of speech and speech activities on language planning.

2. Language planning is a purposeful and planned systematic project.Its purpose is to Solve the problems in social language communication, improve and perfect the norms of language and characters, and give full play to language.The social function of speech. Language planning is not only a problem of language itself, but also a purely academic one.Work, which is closely related to the society, nationality, politics, economy, culture, education and science and technology, needsIt is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors and conditions, make careful plans and arrangements, and organize and coordinate all parties concerned.Face to work together, can be effectively implemented.

3. Language planning is a long-term social practice activity, which can’t be accomplished overnight. Only by persisting in work for a long time and actively and steadily carrying out social practice can we achieve practical results.From the selection, determination and popularization of standard language, common language and official language to the standardization and technique of language.The standardization of language and the creation, reform and perfection of characters are all long-term processes and huge regulations.Model and complex practice. Language standardization is a long-term work, and it must follow the development of society.Change and the evolution of the language itself, and timely adjust and improve it;Language planning should also keep pace with the times.Advance, can’t be fixed and unchangeable.

(D) the task of language planning

The main tasks of language planning are: to determine the status of language in the country and society, and to coordinate language. The relationship between words guarantees people’s language rights, strengthens people’s awareness of language norms, strengthens the standardization and standardization of language, enhances language prestige, enhances language vitality, gives full play to the social communication function of language, promotes the sustained and healthy development of language and language life, and better serves the society.The specific task of language planning is changing, which changes with the continuous development of society, the evolution of language and language life and the progress of language planning.For example, in China, in the 1950s and 1960s, the specific tasks of language planning were to implement the policy of language equality for all ethnic groups, safeguard the people’s language rights, and at the same time determine the status of Putonghua as a common language in the whole country, vigorously popularize Putonghua, implement text reform, and strengthen the standardization of modern Chinese. In the 1980s and 1990s, in order to meet the needs of the country’s reform, opening up and modernization, the specific tasks of language planning were adjusted in a timely manner. In addition to continuing to carry out the specific tasks of the previous stage, the tasks of language information processing and management were added, and the popularization of Putonghua was accelerated, and the standardization and standardization of language and characters were strengthened.

(E) the significance of language planning

Language planning is an important event in social life and language life, which has great influence on social life and language. Life has important influence and positive significance.

1. The political significance of language planning is remarkable, which is mainly manifested in determining language status, coordinating language relations, safeguarding people’s language rights and strengthening national unity consciousness, thus playing an important role in safeguarding national unity, national unity and social stability.Without a unified language, national unity, national unity and social stability are bound to be damaged. For example, China is a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country with a vast territory and a large population. If there is no unified language, it is hard to imagine that the country, ethnic groups and society can be so United, unified and stable as a whole in the long history of more than 3,000 years. In this respect, language equality, unified writing and the promotion of Yayan, Tongguan, Mandarin and Putonghua have played an important role in history. After the European Renaissance, Italy, France, Spain and other countries set up language institutions one after another to formulate and implement language plans and safeguard the purity and health of their own languages, which is of great significance to the unity and social stability of European countries and the industrial revolution thereafter. The promotion of Arabic in the Arab world has played a vital role in promoting the unity and unity of Arab countries and nations. Negative examples, such as India, the Philippines and some countries in Africa, have seriously affected the unity, stability and development of these countries because some social and linguistic problems have not been properly solved.

2. Language planning plays an important role in promoting the development of economy, culture, education, science and technology.this It is mainly embodied in language ontology planning and strengthening the standardization and standardization of language and characters, such as formulating the standardization standards of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and characters of standard language, reforming style and characters, standardizing and standardizing terminology, and strengthening the modernization of Chinese language, thus promoting the progress and development of economy, culture, education and science and technology. For example, in our country, it is helpful for the formation of a unified market, the development of economy, culture and education, the development of language information processing, natural language understanding and artificial intelligence, etc., and its social and economic benefits are enormous to determine Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the national common language and characters and vigorously promote them throughout the country.

3. The standardization of language makes the language more standardized and easy to use, thus enhancing the social function of language, improving communication efficiency and work efficiency, and adapting to the needs of continuous development and change of social life.For example, it is an obvious fact that the standardization of modern Chinese and minority languages has enhanced the social functions of these languages and facilitated work and communication. Another example is that English, French and Spanish are highly standardized, so their social functions are stronger, and their communication efficiency and work efficiency are also higher, which plays an important role in social communication and international exchange.

4. Language planning can have a positive impact on the historical changes of language, making the language structure itself more standardized and precise, more suitable for the needs of modern society, and developing in the direction of meeting the interests of language users.For example, the closeness or basic consistency between written language and spoken language is a trend of language development, and human intervention in language can accelerate the development of this trend. Israel revived Hebrew, which had been divorced from social life for more than 2,000 years, and became a communicative language in modern society, which greatly accelerated the process of colloquialism of written language. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese has undergone stylistic reform, from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, which makes written language close to spoken language and makes spoken language more standardized, concise and accurate, which plays an important role in the development of the language itself.

Book information

Research on Language Planning (Summary of Contemporary Chinese Academic Works)

Chen Zhangtai

This book is a classic work of Mr. Chen Zhangtai who has studied language planning for many years, including language planning theory and practice research, language policy research, language standardization research and so on. The book points out that the content of language planning includes two parts: language status planning and language ontology planning. The object of language planning is social language problems, including language status, language relations, language norms, etc., mainly to overcome language barriers in social communication and create or improve the conditions and environment for language use. The main tasks of language planning are to determine the status of language in the country and society, coordinate language relations, safeguard people’s language rights, strengthen people’s awareness of language norms, strengthen the standardization and standardization of language, improve language prestige, enhance language vitality, give full play to the social communication function of language, promote the sustained and healthy development of language and language life, and better serve the society.

Brief introduction of the author

Chen Zhangtai (1932—2021), researcher and doctoral supervisor of state language commission Institute of Linguistic Application, professor of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, concurrently vice president of Chinese Language Society, president of China Society of Applied Linguistics, adjunct professor of Beijing Broadcasting Institute and adjunct professor of Nanchang University. He used to be an associate researcher and deputy director of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, deputy editor-in-chief of China Language magazine, deputy director and secretary-general of state language commission, and director of Institute of Linguistic Application. Mainly engaged in sociolinguistics and Chinese dialect research.

Catalogue

< swipe up and down to view the table of contents >

< swipe up and down to view the table of contents >

Editor-in-Chief of Today: Mou Someone

　　According to official website, the housing accumulation fund center of Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, in order to strengthen the market expectation guidance, support the rigid and improved housing demand, optimize the real estate market environment, and promote the virtuous circle and healthy development of the real estate industry in Chaozhou City, on April 24th, the housing accumulation fund of Chaozhou City implemented five measures to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

　　In terms of the down payment withdrawal policy, the New Deal proposes that if an employee buys a house for the first time and it is a first-hand commodity house in this city, both husband and wife can withdraw the housing provident fund from the housing provident fund service window with relevant materials to pay the down payment for the house purchase.

　　According to the interpretation of Chaozhou Housing Provident Fund Center, the withdrawal of housing provident fund to pay the down payment can reduce the employees’ use of their own funds to pay the down payment and ease the pressure of buying houses. For example, the total price of a couple’s house purchase is 1.2 million yuan, and the total down payment is 240,000 yuan according to the minimum 20% down payment ratio, and the balance of the husband and wife’s provident fund account totals more than 200,000 yuan. According to the down payment withdrawal policy, after the husband and wife first withdraw the housing provident fund to pay the down payment of 200,000 yuan, they only need to use their own funds to pay the remaining 40,000 yuan down payment, which greatly reduces the burden on employees to purchase houses.

　　According to the regulations, the amount of the down payment withdrawn by the husband and wife or the joint property owner shall not exceed the amount of the down payment in the Commercial Housing Subscription Agreement or the amount of the down payment invoice.

　　The New Deal also proposes to cancel the restriction on the borrower’s domicile, and the borrower who applies for a first-hand commodity housing provident fund loan in Chaozhou with the National Certificate for the Use of Housing Provident Fund Loans in Different Places should cancel the requirement that at least one of the borrower or his spouse’s domicile must be in Chaozhou, and the loan amount and loan application conditions are the same as those of Chaozhou depositors.

　　At the same time, the implementation of rapid lending, real estate development enterprises can complete the mortgage filing in Chaozhou Housing Transaction Service Center with the applicant’s purchase contract and obtain the "Mortgage Filing Certificate", which can enter the provident fund lending process in advance.

　　The New Deal clearly stipulates that the limit on the deposit balance in the borrower’s account should be lowered, and the first-hand commodity housing in Chaozhou City should be purchased for the first time and the housing provident fund loan should be applied for for the first time. The maximum loan amount should not exceed 15 times of the total amount stored in the borrower’s housing provident fund account at the time of application, and it should not exceed 20 times of the total amount stored in the borrower’s housing provident fund account at the time of application. The current loan amount ceiling remains unchanged.

　　In terms of housing provident fund support policies for families with many children, first, the maximum amount of rental housing is increased by 20%. That is, taking the family as a unit, the maximum amount of withdrawal per household per year does not exceed 11,520 yuan. Second, if you purchase the first set of self-occupied housing and apply for housing provident fund personal housing loans, the maximum amount of loans for two-child families will be increased by 10%, and the maximum amount of loans for three-child families will be increased by 20%. Other loan conditions will still be implemented according to the Chaozhou Housing Provident Fund Personal Housing Mortgage Loan Measures.

　　According to the 2022 annual report of Chaozhou Housing Provident Fund, in 2022, the maximum amount of individual housing loans is 600,000 yuan. Among them, the maximum amount of individual housing loans for single employees is 400,000 yuan, and the maximum amount of individual housing loans for double employees is 600,000 yuan.

Recently, the Network Security Administration of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Criminal Investigation Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security jointly interviewed the relevant responsible persons of Alibaba Cloud and Baidu Cloud, and informed them of the problems such as the high number of fraudulent websites accessed by the two companies in the recent prevention and control of telecommunication network fraud, requiring the two companies to earnestly fulfill their main responsibilities in network and information security, strictly implement the requirements of laws and regulations such as the Cyber Security Law, and rectify related problems within a time limit; Those who refuse to make rectification or rectification are not in place will be severely punished according to the law. The two companies indicated that they will conscientiously implement the regulatory requirements, further strengthen the management of website access, domain name registration and information services, and effectively prevent and resolve the risks of telecommunication network fraud.

In the next step, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with the Ministry of Public Security, will adhere to the people-centered development thinking, focus on the difficult and painful problems reflected by the broad masses of the people, make practical moves and make heavy punches, guide and urge Internet companies to strictly implement their security responsibilities, strengthen the management of Internet basic resources and the monitoring and disposal of fraudulent Internet accounts, increase industry supervision and penalties for violations, and take various measures to fully promote the prevention and management of telecommunication network fraud in the Internet field, so as to better safeguard the property safety and legitimate rights and interests of the people.