Sand table model of urban functional zoning in Singapore Urban Planning Exhibition Hall. Singapore adopts the overall urban planning of ring and satellite new town, and connects all parts through rapid transit system. People’s vision
Singapore tests self-driving buses. Singapore hopes to deploy self-driving buses on public roads in three different areas of the city from 2022 to provide better travel services. People’s vision
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Singapore is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, but traffic jams are rare. Its successful experience is to make a master plan for a ring-shaped satellite new city and connect towns with the city center through a rapid transit system. Adopt a series of policies to restrict the ownership and use of cars, and at the same time, constantly improve public transportation based on the needs of residents; Integrate more big data technologies into the field of public transportation to create intelligent transportation.
Improve all kinds of functions in the region and reduce the pressure of traffic and travel.
Recently, at the 2018 Singapore International Transport Conference and Exhibition, Pierre Calvit, President of the International Public Transport Association, praised "Singapore is a model of urban public transport".
According to the survey results of McKinsey & Company, from five aspects of infrastructure availability, financial feasibility, effectiveness, convenience and safety, the most developed city in the world is Singapore, followed by Paris and China.
"The success of Singapore’s urban transportation system lies in its integration with the overall planning of the city." Gu Qingyang, an associate professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy of the National University of Singapore, said in an interview that Singapore regards urban transportation as an important part of the competitiveness of a city and a country. After a long period of discussion and feasibility study, it has inspected the transportation systems of many cities around the world, learned from various experiences and lessons, and finally formed a unique transportation solution for Singapore today.
"Underground rail transit, such as subway, and public transportation on the ground, such as public buses and taxis, are connected through large-scale comprehensive transportation hubs, and these transportation hubs are also the center of the satellite city, thus serving the life and social functions of the satellite city well. At the same time, the population pressure in the city center will be dispersed through the form of satellite city, and the traffic in the city center will not be congested. " Gu Qingyang said.
Singapore is now divided into five large regions with a population of about 1 million, including 55 planning areas and 2 catchment areas. According to the population size and layout, the centers at all levels are equipped with corresponding commercial, school, medical and transportation facilities, so that people’s livelihood problems can be basically solved nearby, greatly reducing the pressure of traffic travel.
Liu Taige, Chairman of the Livable City Center of Singapore’s Ministry of National Development, has led Singapore to realize the plans of "Home Ownership" and "Garden City" step by step, and is known as "the father of Singapore’s planning". In an interview with the media, he stressed that the pressure of traffic should be reduced by improving the functions in the region. "If a city has a population of two or three million, it can basically become an independent carrier. If the functions are very complete, then the need for people to go to other places will be reduced."
Restrict the ownership and use of private cars and encourage residents to travel by bus.
The Singapore government has adopted a series of policies to promote the development of public transportation, improve the travel experience, and at the same time ensure the construction funds of urban transportation and promote the development of public transportation.
First, the government increased investment in public transport infrastructure. The Land Transport Authority of Singapore (hereinafter referred to as "Land Transport Bureau") announced last year that in five years, the government will continue to invest S $20 billion (S $1 is about 4.99 yuan) to build a new subway, another S $5 billion will be used to subsidize bus services and S $4 billion will be used for subway operation.
Secondly, establish a car license and tax system. Since 2009, the Singapore government has gradually reduced the annual growth rate of vehicles through the car license system. Last year, the Land Transport Bureau announced that the annual growth rate of cars in Singapore is planned to be reduced to zero in the future. With the increasing cost of car ownership and the continuous improvement of public transport system, more and more residents give up owning private cars.
Singapore also regulates the use of vehicles through taxes and fees, including car ownership fees, registration fees, transfer fees, import taxes, road taxes and fuel taxes. Strict tax and fee policies slow down the growth of vehicles, and at the same time, taxes and fees provide a source of funds for the construction and management of urban public transport.
Third, take the residents’ demand as the guide and constantly improve the public transport system. On the one hand, actively carry out community consultation and cooperation, understand the needs of residents, and improve public transport facilities in a targeted manner, such as setting up various auxiliary facilities, parking facilities and facilities for the disabled. About 90% of bus stops have seats and shelters; Building bicycle parking spots, widening bicycle lanes and standardizing bike-sharing; Improve pedestrian access, such as building overpasses.
On the other hand, adjust the price reasonably and subsidize the public transport system. Singapore Public Transport Council, which is responsible for public transport pricing, regularly tracks the average ratio of public transport expenditure to income of each family to ensure that public transport fares are within a reasonable range. At the same time, lower-income families are given more bus fare subsidies. As the Singapore government heavily subsidizes the public transport system, bus fares are getting cheaper and cheaper. In the past five years, the cost of Singapore’s public transport system has increased by 60%, while the fare has decreased by 2%.
Big data applications can be seen everywhere, developing all-round intelligent transportation.
In 2014, the Singapore government put forward the vision of building a smart country. Gu Qingyang believes that Singapore is committed to developing an all-round smart country, and it is the general direction to serve the future economic and social development through intelligent transportation.
Big data technology can be seen everywhere in Singapore’s urban transportation system. The "Early Bird Plan", which is still in the testing stage, encourages off-peak travel, and citizens can enjoy free rides before the morning peak. Big data monitoring can evaluate whether this plan can alleviate congestion. The bus waiting service uses benchmark data to set the waiting time for buses to enter the station, and rewards and punishments are given to bus operators according to whether the waiting time is up to standard.
Since 1998, the Singaporean government has implemented the electronic road pricing system to solve the traffic congestion problem in busy sections. Singapore has set up a restricted area in the downtown area, and all vehicles except buses must pay to enter the restricted area. The system can also adjust the toll price in real time according to the congestion degree of road sections. According to the data, after the implementation of electronic road pricing system, the daily traffic flow into the control area has decreased by 20% to 24%, and the driving speed has obviously increased. Managers can monitor the traffic conditions nationwide, from the number of vehicles to the average speed, and mark the congested and accident sections through the road layout map.
In addition, the Land Transport Bureau also launched a mobile phone application to provide real-time route planning services for passengers and drivers, so that they can plan their routes in advance and avoid congestion. In the aspect of taxi management, Land Transport Bureau has developed a taxi pre-calling system, and applied site thermal sensing technology in taxi stops to measure the number of passengers queuing and provide a basis for taxi scheduling.
Singapore is also actively promoting the testing of self-driving vehicles. According to media reports, Singapore has opened an autopilot test route to provide reference for formulating public road standards. At present, 10 local and foreign companies have conducted autopilot tests in Singapore.
This year, the Land Transport Bureau said that its R&D and test plan with industry partners such as Xinke Power will receive S $25 million in funding in the next five years. It has been commented that Singapore’s public transport industry has moved from the service field to the science and technology field, and it is expected to develop into a high value-added field. (Report from Bangkok)
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