The winter vacation is coming to an end, and primary and secondary school students in Beijing will usher in a new spring semester. After the epidemic prevention and control entered a new stage, teachers and students concentrated on returning to school, and how to carry out physical education class in primary and secondary schools in the new semester attracted much attention.
What adjustments has the school made to physical education class in the new semester? How can students resume normal sports after "Yang Kang"? The Beijing News reporter interviewed many schools and relevant experts in Beijing.
Explore students’ physical health in advance, and design sports activities in a targeted and hierarchical manner.
On the eve of the start of school, all the students in Xiluo Park, Fengtai District, Beijing received a questionnaire about their physical health during the winter vacation.
Zhang Hongfeng, head of the school’s sports team, told reporters that this winter vacation is special and long. Many children and parents have experienced Covid-19 infection, and now they have basically recovered. "But we are not sure to what extent the epidemic has affected every child’s body. Therefore, it is very important to arrange, and we have first-hand information through questionnaires. "
On this basis, the school made a pre-judgment and formulated the basic route and method of physical education in the new semester. The school proposes that two weeks before the start of school should be taken as an observation period to avoid large amount of exercise and high intensity exercise. Physical education teachers should observe and evaluate the students’ physical condition according to their professional knowledge. Then, students should be divided into different levels and arranged for sports activities according to the past physical examination, questionnaires and evaluation results.
Zhang Hongfeng introduced that for students who have good physical fitness, are less affected by virus infection, and can finish exercise in time during online classes and winter vacations, they can be group leaders and take other students to do simple exercises through games, such as practicing running and breathing methods, or shooting technical actions; For students with moderate physical fitness and insufficient exercise during holidays, teachers should organize some basic quality exercises according to the actual situation to help them recover to normal level; For students whose physical fitness is not good enough and their exercise situation is not ideal, physical education teachers need to personally catch them, and set up special groups and mutual aid groups with the students’ deputy class teachers to make up for the differences according to different situations, such as obesity and myopia.
"During home study and holidays, students have great differences in physical exercise. Schools should try their best to take care of children at different levels, so that every child can get suitable and effective exercise and gradually recover his body." Zhang Hongfeng said.
Yuquan Primary School affiliated to China Academy of Sciences also got to know the students’ physical health in advance.
"We counted the health status of students in advance, such as whether they have been infected with Covid-19 and whether there are some other basic diseases." Yan Qiuyue, director of the physical education teaching and research section of Yuquan Primary School affiliated to China Academy of Sciences, told the reporter that the school first trained all physical education teachers. "After being infected with novel coronavirus, the students’ exercise content is definitely different, so teachers should be trained first to let them know how students should attend classes after’ Yangkang’." At the same time, on the basis of early health screening, the school has established a student health file to grasp the basic situation of each student. "Especially students with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should make targeted arrangements."
Setting the adaptation period and adjusting the sports events, the amount and intensity of students’ exercise should be gradual.
"The’ restart’ of children’s bodies needs a’ preheating’ process, so schools must pay attention to sports safety." Guan Jie, the headmaster of Beijing No.18 Middle School, told the reporter that during home study and winter vacation, due to the students’ lack of systematic physical exercise for a long time and the impact on their health after being infected with Covid-19, the amount and intensity of exercise in physical education class should be adjusted.
Guan Jie revealed that the specific implementation plan of physical education class needs to be fully and carefully discussed by the school sports group. "Make different arrangements according to the situation of different children, and do not make uniform and rigid requirements."
Huang Shuliang, principal of the Fifth Primary School in Xiluoyuan, Fengtai District, Beijing, said that after the start of school, all kinds of sports activities such as physical education class, exercises between classes and physical fitness should focus on low-intensity aerobic exercise, so as to reduce sports injuries and let children have a process of adaptation. The school has put forward the general requirements, so please design the relevant content in advance.
Zhang Hongfeng told reporters that school sports work involves many aspects, including physical education class, community activities, big recess activities, etc. The school put forward a general requirement for sports work, which is "stability". Within two weeks of school, try to do some basic and brisk activities to give students time to recover physically, and then gradually increase the exercise load to help students restore their physical condition to normal level.
Yan Qiuyue said that the school physical education class will take two weeks as the basic unit, and carry out four stages of restorative training for students based on the principles of student-oriented, health first, step by step, low load, low density and low intensity. "The first stage is the recovery preparation period. If you walk first and walk slowly, the amount of exercise will not be too great, mainly to let the students adapt themselves gradually. The second stage is a low-intensity recovery period, mainly jogging and low-intensity lower limb quality in situ, but the total duration should not exceed 15 minutes. The third stage is a moderate-intensity recovery period. We will carry out fast walking and moderate-intensity running and jumping exercises according to the students’ recovery. The last stage is to return to normal physical education class intensity. "
"In class, we will let students fully warm up and relax, and at the same time, we will teach students how to measure their pulse and master their exercise heart rate in time and scientifically." Yan Qiuyue said that the physical health status of students in the early stage is only the foundation. In the end, the intensity and exercise form of physical education class should be based on the performance of students in physical education class. "We will always ask students if they are uncomfortable. If there are students who are uncomfortable or unbearable, we will adjust them in time."
In Yan Qiuyue’s view, the transition will take some time. "The initial expectation is that it will take one month or one and a half months to make the transition. In the form of sports, besides walking, running and jumping, there are also some stretching exercises such as gymnastics, static core strength exercises, and some sports games. The main thing is to let the children slowly recover their physical strength. "
Experts suggest avoiding organizing competitive and antagonistic activities.
For the "restart" of physical education class in the new semester, Zhang Yimin, a professor at Beijing Sport University and director of the Key Laboratory of Sports and Physical Health Education, put forward several suggestions.
For schools, Zhang Yimin believes that sports must adhere to "safety first". Physical education teachers must optimize and adjust the content according to the actual situation of students’ bodies, such as doing exercises, kicking shuttlecock, stretching and other low-intensity sports. "Especially in physical education class in the first week, do some light activities, students can relax and sweat a little."
In Zhang Yimin’s view, this process will take at least two weeks. After the children get used to the state, they can consider adding a little intensity and transition to skipping and jogging. "Step by step, don’t pursue one step."
Zhang Yimin particularly emphasized that individual exercises and individual activities should be organized as much as possible, so that students can exercise moderately according to their own conditions. It is not recommended to organize group competitions, antagonistic and competitive activities, such as football matches and basketball matches. "For example, jogging today, everyone runs according to their own situation, does not stipulate time and tasks, and does not make uniform hard requirements."
Parents should also play a supporting role. From the family point of view, Zhang Yimin suggested that, on the one hand, students have more activities after the start of school than during their study at home, so they should pay attention to supplementing nutrition for their children, such as protein, and at the same time prepare digestible food for their children. On the other hand, parents should pay close attention to and monitor their children’s physical reactions after exercise, for example, whether they are prone to fatigue, drowsiness, or breathing, rapid heartbeat, and other uncomfortable situations, and deal with any abnormalities in time.
In Yan Qiuyue’s view, family physical exercise is a useful supplement to school physical exercise. "physical education class time in school is limited, just 40 minutes. Some contents need children to continue to consolidate their exercises. Students can do some simple and convenient physical exercises at home, such as sit-ups, jumping, leg lifts, lunges, etc. Of course, exercise at home should be carried out slowly according to their physical condition, and the amount and time of training should be well grasped."
Beijing News reporter Feng Qi Yang Feifei
Editor Miao Chenxia proofreads Yang Xuli.
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