月度归档 2025年4月17日

During the Spring Festival, Neijiang, Sichuan, Linyi, Shandong, Korla, Xinjiang and other places have staged a unique stunt "Tie Tie Hua" to celebrate the Spring Festival. The craftsmen went shirtless and fought hard at the molten iron. A string of dazzling iron flowers bloomed in the air, and the trees were covered with silver flowers, just like the stars falling. Amid endless cheers and exclamations, the onlookers met a fireworks show that passed through the Millennium.

Non-legacy performance "Playing Iron Flower (Photo by Lan Zitao from China Network)

01 "Strike while the iron is hot" with a long history

Tie Tie Hua is a folk traditional firework and one of the national intangible cultural heritages, which spreads in Henan and Jin regions. As a large-scale traditional folk fireworks, it is a folk cultural performance skill discovered by China ancient craftsmen in the process of casting utensils. It originated in the Northern Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has a history of more than a thousand years and has rich cultural connotations.

In the Song Dynasty, Taoism was advocated, and "Tie Hua" was originally derived from the sacrificial activities of craftsmen. At the beginning of each year, artisans, led by them, set up a flower shed, and set up a god shed in the north of the flower shed, facing south. Starting from the god shed, they rushed to the local laojunmiao and the Fire Temple to offer sacrifices and hold sacrificial ceremonies. The craftsmen who take part in the flower-playing will bow down and change clothes in the shed, and pray for the blessing of the gods to avoid burns.

The sacrificial activities of craftsmen are also supported by Taoist priests. Every year, Taoist priests spontaneously provide venues for craftsmen to play iron flowers, and organize various musical instruments to play during the sacrifice of craftsmen to cheer them up. Every major Taoist celebration, Taoist priests will also invite craftsmen to play iron flowers to congratulate the celebration. In the process of spreading, "Tie Tie Hua" has grown and absorbed various artistic elements, forming a magnificent, festive and auspicious unique performance style.

02 a flower-beater with special skills

The molten iron at 1600℃ creates a visual feast, which is a breathtaking and wonderful spectacle.

Every craftsman is a florist with unique skills. In the process of beating iron flowers, the three movements of scooping, throwing and beating must be coherent and clean. In addition, the weight of molten iron scooped out must be less than 2, the throwing angle must be controlled at 90 degrees, and the throwing force should not exceed a person’s height. Only when it is hit high enough and scattered enough, the iron flower will look good.

The temperature of molten iron is extremely high, so it is usually performed in cold winter. Even so, scattered iron flowers are still easy to cause burns. There is a saying in the flower while the iron is hot that "white is not red", which probably means that the hot metal must be high in temperature and incandescent in order to produce flowers. The orange-red hot metal with low temperature is a lump when it is produced. If it accidentally falls on people, it can give the skin a "very hot".

(Photo by Wang Bin, Zhongxin. com)

In the face of danger, the flower-beater who goes shirtless is not daring, just to better protect himself. Striking iron flowers is a strenuous activity. Large-scale sports will make performers sweat a lot, which will become the "protector" of the flower-beater and flow away with the iron beads falling on their bodies to prevent their bodies from being burned. This is the advantage of being naked. If they wear clothes, the scattered iron beads will soon cause burns. Therefore, this is a game that belongs to the brave and the wise.

Millennium inheritance of 03 kilo-degree molten iron

In 2008, Henan "Queshan Tiehua" was selected as the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection projects, which is also the only winner of the domestic performance of Tiehua. There is a resounding name behind "Queshan Tiehua". His name is Yang Jianjun. In 2017, he was selected into the recommended list of the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative project inheritors.

Today, he is 75 years old, over the age of ancient times. As the inheritor of Queshan Tiehua, he and the story of "Beating Tiehua" became attached to a glimpse when he was young.

When he was six or seven years old, he followed his family to watch a performance of playing while the iron was hot. Colorful "fireworks" bloomed wantonly, and the flying iron flowers lit up the dark night sky, and Yang Jianjun’s heart also floated. While the iron is hot, the seeds take root in my heart. "The fire tree and the silver flowers are unpredictable, and the beads are thrown in vain." This is Yang Jianjun’s deep memory of this performance.

As early as around 1980, Yang Jianjun began to pursue the stunt of "Queshan Tiehua". At that time, he was the deputy director of Queshan County Cultural Center, and he was dedicated to inheriting this folk culture. He traveled all over Queshan, looking for the old Tiehua artist of that year. After several twists and turns, he found Li Wanfa, an old blacksmith in his 70 s, and resolutely learned from his teacher. After the death of the master, he went to great lengths to find an iron smelting workshop for trial and audition, and even mobilized all his relatives and friends to set up a brand-new team to strike while the iron is hot.

"Master broke the rules of passing from one generation to another, and passed the skills of Queshan Tiehua to me. I thought, I can’t lose it in my hands. Twenty years ago, I took out all my savings and built this team. The only criterion for recruiting apprentices is to really love this craft. " Yang Jianjun recalled the initial intention of forming a team.

In the Spring Festival of 1988, Yang Jianjun led the Tiehua team to perform a shocking performance, and the "Queshan Tiehua" disappeared for 26 years reappeared in people’s field of vision. That night’s performance, Yang Jianjun named it "Queshan Tiehua Fireworks Party".

Over the years, Yang Jianjun stuck to his original intention and took "Queshan Tiehua" to further places. He is infatuated with art without reservation, cultivating a batch of inheritors of folk culture, and he also chooses to give back the audience’s love with public welfare performances, so that more people can see the spectacle of "molten iron turning into fireworks".

(Source WeChat WeChat official account Red Queshan)

In the Spring Festival of 2008, at the invitation of the Organizing Committee of China Folk Cultural Heritage Exhibition, "Queshan Tiehua" performed more than 10 consecutive performances in Beijing CCTV North Putuo Film and Television Base, which caused a sensation and was known as "the first Tiehua in China".

"The artists who play iron flowers come from all walks of life. With the high temperature of more than 1,000 degrees, it takes not only physical strength but also courage to play iron flowers. More importantly, the team’s love for this folk culture." Behind every performance with great vitality, old craftsmen like Yang Jianjun are full of loneliness and courage.

04 keep the shadow of time that is not left behind.

As a matter of fact, many people first get to know the intangible stunt of "Tie Tie Hua", and they don’t watch it in person, but mostly appreciate its charm from daily TV dramas and documentaries through the screen. In 2018, the popularity of Story of Yanxi Palace, a drama of the Qing Dynasty, made the folk fireworks "Tie Tie Hua" enter more people’s field of vision. In the play, Gao Guifei prepared a birthday present named "Colorful" for the Queen Mother, which is the legendary "Tie Tie Hua".

Nowadays, as a national intangible cultural heritage, this folk stunt is known by more people, but its inheritance scope is still limited. Most of the time, people can only witness its charm on a few intangible performances. Performers wearing gourd ladle and holding flower sticks exchange their wonderful performances for people’s love. Every time they watch, they place their ardent expectations on the working people of China for a prosperous and prosperous year.

There are many non-legacy folk cultures such as "Tie Tie Hua", such as sugar sculpture, dough sculpture, lacquer carving and Yao embroidery … These non-legacy skills have been amazing for thousands of years, and they have continued their lives in the hands of successive inheritors. They are fragile and strong, silently waiting for more persistence and protection.

Leave precious "intangible" memories, for them and for us. (End)

Part of the article comes from Southern Metropolis Daily, China.com, Zhongxin.com, Guangming Daily, and read the news.

Ma Kun (left), a rural science and technology correspondent, went to the countryside to guide farmers to check the production of litchi trees. Nanfang Daily reporter Sun Junjie photo

　　"Hello, Chief Ma, I heard that there are novel litchi varieties. Members of our cooperative held a meeting overnight to discuss and would like to ask you to guide the grafting of new varieties." Wechat like this is often received by Ma Kun, an associate researcher at Dongguan Agricultural Science Research Center. As a rural science and technology correspondent, Ma Kun often provides technical consulting services for fruit farmers, and goes deep into orchards to provide on-site guidance for farmers. He is worried that fruit farmers don’t know his name, and he specially asks fruit farmers to call him "Mark", which is simple and easy to remember.

　　Ma Kun is one of 107 rural science and technology commissioners in Dongguan. Today, this team has become the vanguard of rural revitalization in Dongguan. They promoted advanced technology at the grassroots level, solved intractable diseases for farmers, and helped villagers reduce planting costs. In the past six years, they have served the masses 1457 times.

　　The relevant person in charge of Dongguan Agricultural and Rural Bureau said: "These ‘ Soil expert ’ And ‘ Tian Xiucai ’ Introducing science and technology into Tiantou and using demonstration projects to drive development have laid a good foundation for rural revitalization and building beautiful countryside. " (Nanfang Daily reporter Shi Mei trainee reporter Wu Yuhu)

　　Solve technical problems

　　Villagers have reliable "consultants"

　　Grape is a northern fruit, which was not suitable for planting in Dongguan in the past. In recent years, in order to support the development of urban agriculture, Miao Bingbing, a rural science and technology correspondent in Dongguan and a senior agronomist in the Municipal Agricultural Science Research Center, and his colleagues have overcome difficulties, introduced grapes to Dongguan and planted 1000 mu.

　　"Dongguan can also grow grapes!" The news spread like wildfire. At the beginning of last year, Dr. Huang Huiming, a returnee, called four small partners and came to a wasteland in Qishi Town to build a "My Farm" vineyard. Although young people are energetic, Huang Huiming and his companions are both from engineering backgrounds and are not familiar with agriculture. They invited Miao Bingbing to be a tutor and be students with an open mind.

　　Local farmers in Dongguan have never planted grapes, and the technical problems they face are endless. Miao Bingbing said that growing grapes requires high technology and poor management, so it is difficult to have a good harvest. To this end, he and his colleagues held training courses and held on-site meetings in orchards. Every key link of grape planting, from site selection, greenhouse construction, variety selection to growth management, from flowering, pruning to yield and harvest, scientific and technical personnel should be present to follow and guide the whole process.

　　For technical problems in planting, we should look for rural science and technology commissioners, and also look for them when plants have diseases and insect pests. In Bai Cai Village, Daojiao Town, many villagers make a living by planting wax gourd, and there are 500-600 mu of wax gourd fields in the local area. However, since last year, wax gourd wilt has been bothering them.

　　"Since last year, our team has received a request for help from wax gourd infected with Fusarium wilt in Bai Cai village. Locally planted wax gourd began to get sick at the seedling stage, and by the mature stage, half of wax gourd was infected with Fusarium wilt, which directly brought more than half of the output value loss to farmers. " Speaking of this, Lu Xiangzi, a rural science and technology correspondent in Dongguan and deputy director of the Municipal Banana and Vegetable Research Institute, is full of distress. "The couple planted 10 acres of wax gourd, and the gross profit of one acre of land was about 19,000 yuan. The blight of winter melon directly cuts their income in half, and the villagers are miserable. "

　　In order to overcome this problem, Lv Shun and his team have visited Nanhai, Foshan, Yulin, Guangxi, Nanning, Taishan, Jiangmen and other major wax gourd producing areas to carry out pathogen collection and prevention and control technology research. "We are taking the time to carry out research on the prevention and control technology of wax gourd wilt in Dongguan, hoping to overcome this problem as soon as possible and reduce the losses of farmers."

　　Support demonstration base

　　Agricultural enterprises have their own "think tanks"

　　In the greenhouse of Dongguan Grain and Flower Research Institute, thousands of pots of Anthurium andraeanum are arranged neatly, and the pots are full of flowers, which makes the viewers happy. Anthurium symbolizes great ambitions. Anthurium can often be seen when moving to a new home, opening a new store or celebrating a wedding. Wang Yanjun, a rural science and technology correspondent in Dongguan and deputy director of Dongguan Grain and Flower Research Institute, said that the market consumption of Anthurium andraeanum is large, the flowering period is about 3 months, and the consumption cost performance is high. After she and her team were familiar with their planting methods, they helped Dongguan Donggong Professional Cooperative to become a brand in the industry.

　　The planting threshold of Anthurium andraeanum is relatively high, which belongs to facility agriculture. The cost per square meter of its greenhouse is from 400 yuan to 500 yuan, and each greenhouse needs to be equipped with water curtains, fans and air conditioners. Only one greenhouse needs about 10 air conditioners with 50 horses. Wang Yanjun said that Anthurium is also very demanding on elements such as soil, sunshine, water and fertilizer.

　　"We mainly do a good job in planting and production. Although we have encountered minor setbacks, fortunately, the Dongguan Grain and Flower Research Institute has escorted us, and it has been very smooth along the way." Ye Shuzhen, the relevant person in charge of Donggong Professional Cooperative, introduced.

　　Not only the Donggong specialized cooperative, since 2013, the Municipal Grain and Flower Research Institute has successively established three large demonstration bases, including the Donggong specialized cooperative in Xiegang Town, Chuntian Xinlv Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in machong and Zhuohui Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. in Dongkeng Town. They have sent science and technology commissioners to provide peer-to-peer personal services, from park planning and establishment of sales channels to variety selection and technology transfer. With the careful support of the institute, after several years of development, all three bases have certain strength and started their brands in the industry. Last year, the three bases sold 1.5 million pots of ornamental flowers such as Anthurium andraeanum, arrowroot and evergreen, with sales reaching 15 million yuan.

　　In 2017, based on the original foundation, the Municipal Research Institute of Grain Crops and Flowers made persistent efforts to build four new demonstration bases, including Huitong Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. in Daojiao Jifeng Agricultural Industrial Park, Shunyi Flower Cooperative in Fenggang Town, Yalan Flower Co., Ltd. in Shijie Town and Nongxing Biological Co., Ltd. in Shilong Town. In recent years, the Municipal Research Institute of Grain and Flowers has helped these bases to standardize management, solve technical difficulties and establish good brands, and achieved good results. At present, these four bases have been appraised as demonstration bases for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.

　　It is a microcosm of Dongguan’s model of "science and technology correspondent+enterprise+demonstration base" to send rural science and technology commissioners to enterprises and guide enterprises to enter agricultural related fields. Since the implementation of the action of science and technology Commissioner in 2012, Dongguan has implemented the project director responsibility system, given full play to the demonstration and leading role of "local experts" and "Tian Xiucai", used cooperative projects to promote development, established various cooperation modes such as "science and technology Commissioner+enterprise+demonstration base" and "science and technology Commissioner+farmer+demonstration base", vigorously promoted various new agricultural technologies and varieties, and acted as a "good" for agricultural enterprises, cooperatives and farmers.

　　Drive rural development

　　The story of "getting rich through science and technology" was staged in less developed villages.

　　Came to houjie town Dajing community, on both sides of the wide cement road, full of cars. Ma Kun said: "In 2011, when I first came to Datun, it was not like this. At that time, entering the orchard was still a bumpy dirt road, which made people feel sick. "

　　Unlike many villages in Dongguan, Dajing is close to the Forest Park and Henggang Reservoir, which is an important ecological protection area and cannot develop industry. Litchi is the main source of income for local people, and the village collective economy is relatively backward. It is one of the two less developed villages in houjie town. However, the traditional quality and yield of litchi are greatly influenced by the year. Litchi has a high yield every year, but it is cheap, "low fruit hurts farmers"; Litchi production is reduced in small years, and some farmers can hardly recover the cost.

　　In view of this situation, Ma Kun and his team are committed to developing new varieties of litchi and labor-saving cultivation techniques of litchi, so that litchi can be sold at a high price and farmers can have lower costs. Huang Zhiqiang, president of Houjie Dajing Guiguan Litchi Professional Cooperative, was deeply touched by this.

　　Walking into the litchi orchard in Huang Zhiqiang, a community resident, litchi trees are growing well all over the mountain. Huang Zhiqiang said, "We want to get rich by litchi, but we have no technology. In 2012, the Agricultural Science Center promoted new litchi varieties, and I signed up for the first batch. " This new variety is called "Bingli", which was cultivated by the Agricultural Science Center on a natural variation tree species after more than 20 years of research and development. The new variety was successfully planted and quickly popularized in Dajing community.

　　Pick up an "ice plum", look at the appearance, the skin is full of bright red, taste it, the meat is smooth, sweet and honey-flavored, and the stone is very small. Huang Zhiqiang said: "Compared with the litchi varieties we used to grow, the quality of iced litchi is better." With the cultivation of excellent litchi varieties, Dajing community has gained confidence. Since 2012, Litchi Festival has been held every year to enhance the reputation of new varieties. This year, the demand for ice licks planted by villagers is in short supply in the market, and they are sold to 380 yuan per catty. Even though other varieties of litchi were sold at low prices last year, iced litchi can still be sold at a high price of around 200 yuan per catty. Huang Zhiqiang sold 2,000 Jin last year and earned several hundred thousand yuan.

　　The new variety of litchi developed by Ma Kun and his colleagues is making a fortune for more and more underdeveloped villages. Last year’s China International Litchi Industry Conference selected ten main varieties in Guangdong, including Bingli, Lingfengnuo, Guanyin Green and Tangxiahong, all from Dongguan Agricultural Science Research Center.

　　Not only that, the horse has also brought many new agricultural technologies to fruit farmers: pipeline spraying technology, laying pipelines in the field, improving spraying efficiency and reducing labor intensity; Fertilizer and water integration technology can reduce production cost and improve litchi quality through precise fertilization and water use; Popularizing new equipment such as ring cutting tools makes orchard management more labor-saving. According to the evaluation of agricultural authorities, the application of labor-saving cultivation technology of litchi can save the average cost of 500 to 1,500 yuan per mu and increase the income by 300 yuan to 700 yuan.

　　According to the relevant staff of the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, since the implementation of the Science and Technology Commissioner in 2012, Dongguan has continuously innovated its service methods. By the end of 2018, a total of 107 special commissioners had been dispatched to serve and guide the masses for 1,457 times, and 64 new agricultural technologies, varieties and achievements had been introduced and popularized, and 83 enterprises and demonstration bases had settled in, initially forming a three-level management service network for science and technology special commissioners in cities, towns, streets and demonstration bases.

　　"On the one hand, we focus on the development strategy of rejuvenating agriculture through science and technology, implement the project host responsibility system, use cooperative projects to drive development, and continuously expand the service coverage of science and technology commissioners; On the other hand, we plan our work around the rural revitalization and the construction of beautiful countryside, with the aim of meeting the needs of agricultural industry development in various places as the starting point. The team of special commissioners goes deep into the grass-roots units to jointly tackle key technical problems with enterprises and farmers to solve key technologies for the development of agricultural production. In the future, Dongguan will continue to expand the team of science and technology commissioners and build a vanguard of rural revitalization. "

　　■ Reporter’s Notes

　　Commissioner inserts "wings of science and technology" for rural revitalization

　　Factories are spreading, and high-rise buildings are springing up. In the wave of rapid industrialization and urbanization in Dongguan, agricultural land is decreasing, and farmers "wash their feet and go to the fields", where rural revitalization and urban development form a trend of going hand in hand.

　　The agricultural production that has been inherited for thousands of years and the extensive small-scale peasant model are increasingly unsuitable for the development needs of Dongguan. Can we innovate in planting varieties, develop urban agriculture, activate the countryside and insert "scientific and technological wings" for traditional agriculture? To solve these problems, the emergence of rural science and technology commissioners is just the right time.

　　In August last year, the Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, in conjunction with relevant institutions, issued the Action Plan for Technological Innovation in Rural Revitalization of Guangdong Province, proposing that by 2020, innovation-driven rural revitalization and development will make significant progress, and the institutional framework and policy system for supporting rural revitalization by science and technology will basically take shape.

　　In Dongguan, rural science and technology commissioners are active in Tiantou, and are stirring up the beam of science and technology to support rural revitalization. The relevant person in charge of Dongguan Agricultural and Rural Bureau said: "These ‘ Soil expert ’ And ‘ Tian Xiucai ’ Introducing science and technology into Tiantou and using demonstration projects to drive development have laid a good foundation for rural revitalization and building beautiful countryside. "

　　The rural science and technology Commissioner came and the new technology went to the countryside. Just as factories need "chief engineers", rural areas also need "think tanks". With the outflow of rural labor force, the aging of rural resident population, the scarcity of agricultural labor force and the backwardness of agricultural technology have become the shortcomings that restrict rural development. Rural science and technology commissioners introduced agricultural science and technology, talents and management mechanisms into Tiantou to solve many pain points and difficulties faced by current agricultural development.

　　Member of the project team of "Integration, Popularization and Application of Labor-saving Cultivation Techniques of Litchi", serving as a science and technology correspondent. Faced with the bottleneck problems that restrict the development of litchi industry, such as tall litchi trees, closed orchards, labor-intensive management fees, and increasing labor and agricultural materials costs, science and technology commissioners carried out research and popularization and application of labor-saving cultivation techniques for litchi, which brought about obvious improvement in production efficiency, saved the average yield per mu of litchi planting from 500 yuan to 1,500 yuan, and increased the income per mu from 300 yuan to 500 yuan.

　　The rural science and technology correspondent came and the new project fell to the ground. Increasing farmers’ income and getting rich, improving agricultural development and improving rural appearance are all inseparable from the support of industrial projects. The development of the industry is inseparable from the leading role and demonstration. Dongguan rural science and technology commissioners implement the project responsibility system, and the project team establishes various cooperation modes such as "science and technology commissioners+enterprises+demonstration bases" and "science and technology commissioners+farmers+demonstration bases" to closely bind scattered farmers, cooperatives and enterprises together. All kinds of new agricultural technologies and varieties have been popularized with half the effort.

　　The project team of "Collection, Evaluation and Utilization of Germplasm Resources of Cymbidium hybridum" in Dongguan screened out six varieties with good ornamental value, strong heat resistance and high flowering rate, established two demonstration cultivation bases, received more than 8,000 study visits, trained more than 1,000 people, trained and guided more than 50 enterprises, held one orchid exhibition, welcomed more than 20,000 visitors and promoted more than 5 million Cymbidium seedlings. … All kinds of data show that with the leader, agricultural development can make a good start.

　　The rural science and technology correspondent came, and the new concept blossomed. Dongguan’s agriculture is different from other areas, and the farmland is precious. How to make the least land play the maximum benefit? Focusing on the construction of beautiful countryside and the strategy of rural revitalization and development, and focusing on the future development opportunities in rural areas, rural science and technology commissioners have made new ideas such as urban agriculture and regional advantageous industries take root in rural areas.

　　Grapes have not been planted in Dongguan since ancient times, but grapes are the best products for leisure picking in urban agriculture. After a long period of tackling key problems, the rural science and technology commissioners introduced grapes to Dongguan, and established 11 grape demonstration bases in Dongguan, with a total area of 500 mu and a radiation promotion of 3,000 mu, making the grapes harvested twice a year into an advantageous and characteristic industry in Dongguan. Another example is that lotus rot occurred in Lianhu Lake at Qiaotou, and special science and technology commissioners were stationed to serve the production site of Lianhu Lake for dozens of times every year, which finally formed the "Technical Regulations for Ecological Prevention and Control of Lotus Rot". Last year, Lotus in Lianhu achieved two blooms, and the Lotus Culture and Art Festival attracted tourists from all directions.

　　The rural science and technology correspondent came down alone, but attracted a group of people, activated an industry and brought a batch of bumper harvests. At present, Dongguan has entered the fast lane of rural revitalization. Under the leadership of rural science and technology commissioners, I believe that in the near future, the villages in Dongguan will be richer, more beautiful and stronger!