月度归档 2025年4月7日

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Reply to the proposal ＂Promoting the implementation of the strategy of promoting employment through entrepreneurship and supporting the scientific development of start-up small and micro enterprises＂

　　Small and medium-sized enterprises are the largest and most dynamic enterprise groups in China, which play an important role in economic growth, scientific and technological innovation, solving employment and ensuring people’s livelihood. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, constantly improved policies and measures to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and actively improved the survival and development environment of small and medium-sized enterprises. aim at2011Since, small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, have faced many outstanding problems, such as high operating pressure, rising costs, financing difficulties and heavy taxes and fees. the State Council issued the Opinions of the State Council on Further Supporting the Healthy Development of Small and Micro Enterprises in a timely manner. The Ministry of Finance has actively implemented the central decision-making arrangements and issued a series of policies and measures to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises.

　　I. Financial Policy for Supporting Small and Micro Enterprises

　　According to the Law on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and other laws and regulations, the central government has successively set up special funds (funds) such as technological innovation fund for small and medium-sized enterprises, special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, special funds for the development of international markets for small and medium-sized enterprises, special funds for the development of small and medium-sized commercial enterprises, and special subsidies for the public service system for small and medium-sized enterprises to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises. The scale of funds has increased year by year, as of2011At the end of the year, accumulated funds will be arranged.561.8100 million yuan. Highlighted the following support priorities:

　　First, vigorously support technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Focus on supporting small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, and carry out technological innovation in high-tech fields such as electronic information, new energy and energy efficiency, new materials, biomedicine and high-tech service industry; Guide venture capital institutions to invest in small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in the initial stage, and support the entrepreneurship and technological innovation of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in the initial stage; Encourage public technical service institutions to carry out innovative resource sharing, professional technology and technology transfer services around small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　The second is to support small and medium-sized enterprises to optimize industrial structure, save energy and reduce emissions and expand employment. Support the structural adjustment and professional development of small and medium-sized enterprises in key industries and cooperate with large enterprises to take the road of "specialization, precision, specialty and innovation"; Encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to produce and apply energy-saving and environmental protection products; Support new projects in strategic emerging industries; Support labor-intensive enterprises and agricultural products processing enterprises to increase employment, and support the technological transformation and construction of venues, public works and public service conditions required for the entrepreneurial development of small enterprises.; Encourage all localities to make full use of the comparative advantages of regions and resources and develop characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　The third is to promote the construction of credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises and improve the financing guarantee ability of guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises. Take business subsidies, premium subsidies and capital investment to support guarantee institutions and re-guarantee institutions to enhance their business capabilities, expand the guarantee business of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small enterprises, reduce the charging standards, and improve the financing environment of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　The fourth is to help small and medium-sized enterprises actively explore the international market and expand market share. Provide support for small and medium-sized enterprises from overseas exhibitions, enterprise management system certification, product certification, overseas patent application, international market promotion, e-commerce, overseas advertising and trademark registration, international market investigation, overseas bidding (discussion), enterprise training, overseas acquisition of technologies and brands, etc.

　　The fifth is to promote the service system construction of small and medium-sized enterprises. Support public service institutions of small and medium-sized enterprises to improve service facilities and environmental conditions, and encourage the development of training, information, technology and entrepreneurship services for small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　About your suggestion of "continuing to increase the investment of special funds for small and medium-sized enterprises from the central government". In recent years, the scale of special funds supported by the central government for small and medium-sized enterprises has been steadily expanded year by year.1999Annual10100 million yuan increased to2012Annual141.7At the same time, we will continue to improve the support methods, enrich the policy content, pay attention to play a demonstration and leading role in financial departments at all levels and other social funds, and strive to expand the radiation of capital policies.

　　About your proposal of "setting up a small and micro enterprise development fund to support small and micro enterprises in the initial stage". In order to implement the State Council’s spirit of further supporting the development of small and micro enterprises, the central government has actively studied policies and measures. First, it has improved the existing special fund policy, adjusted the expenditure structure, highlighted the key points of support, and given greater inclination to small and micro enterprises. such as2012yearfiveIn September, the Measures for the Administration of Special Funds for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and the Measures for the Administration of Credit Guarantee Funds for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises revised and issued by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology further refined the content of support for small and micro enterprises, highlighting the support for small and micro enterprises, such as requiring all localities to apply for funds for supporting small and micro enterprises and the service environment to be no less than the total application amount.80%, give a higher proportion of subsidies to the guarantee business of small and micro enterprises carried out by guarantee institutions. The second is from2012Year, pointsfiveAnnual arrangement150100 million yuan, set up a national SME development fund to guide local, venture capital enterprises and other social funds to support the development of small and micro enterprises in the initial stage. At present, we are working with relevant departments to study and formulate measures for the management of the national SME development fund.

　　Regarding your suggestion that "for labor-intensive small and micro enterprises, the state should expand employment based on stability and further provide financial support". In order to give full play to the role of labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises in developing economy, solving employment and improving people’s livelihood, the central government will take supporting the development of labor-intensive enterprises as an important policy focus. For example, special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises arrange special expenditures to support the development of labor-intensive enterprises, and the scale of funds increases year by year. Focus on supporting the technical transformation projects of labor-intensive enterprises with market products to increase employment; Agricultural products deep processing project; The central and western regions undertake industrial transfer projects in the eastern region.2012In, in order to excavate and protect traditional crafts and products with national characteristics, the special fund for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises included such projects in the scope of financial support.

　　Second, the government procurement policy to support the development of small and micro enterprises

　　As the national government procurement supervision and management department, the Ministry of Finance attaches great importance to supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises through government procurement.2011In, successively issued the Notice on Launching the Pilot Work of Government Procurement Credit Guarantee (Treasury [2011〕124) and the Interim Measures for Government Procurement to Promote the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Treasury [2011〕181), take measures such as reserving purchasing shares, lowering the threshold, deducting prices, encouraging consortia to bid and subcontract, and guaranteeing credit, and vigorously support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, and guarantee them through measures such as government procurement plan management, contract management, reporting and disclosure system, and information construction, and require financial departments at all levels and relevant departments to increase training guidance and professional consulting services for small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in government procurement activities, so as to improve their ability to participate in government procurement activities. Your suggestions have been reflected in the current policy.

　　Iii. on increasing tax support for small and micro start-ups

　　The state attaches great importance to the use of tax policies to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. In recent years, a series of tax policies have been introduced to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises. For example, for small and low-profit enterprises that meet the requirements,20%Corporate income tax is levied at the rate of; The annual taxable income is lower thanthreeTen thousand yuan (including)threeTen thousand yuan) of small and low-profit enterprises, the income of enterprise income tax levied by half; From the collection rate of small-scale taxpayers of value-added tax6%and4%Unified reduction to3%Wait. According to the new situation and new problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises in the development process, in order to further support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, especially small and micro enterprises,2011With the approval of the State Council in, the Ministry of Finance, together with the State Administration of Taxation and other departments, further improved the relevant tax policies and strengthened the tax policies to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Specifically: since2011year11moononeThe starting point of value-added tax and business tax will be substantially raised from June 21; Extend the policy of halving corporate income tax for small and meager profit enterprises to2015At the end of the year, and expand the scope of implementation to the annual taxable income below.sixTen thousand yuan (including)sixTen thousand yuan) of small and low-profit enterprises;threeExempt from stamp duty on loan contracts signed by financial institutions and small and micro enterprises during the year; Reduce the financial insurance income of eligible rural financial institutions by3%The policy of collecting business tax at the tax rate is extended to2015End of the year; Extend the pre-tax deduction policy of SME loan loss reserve accrued by financial enterprises according to the prescribed proportion to2013End of the year; Incorporate the qualified public technology service demonstration platform for small and medium-sized enterprises into the scope of preferential tax policies for the import of scientific and technological development supplies. The implementation of the above tax policy will play a positive role in further reducing the tax burden of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, alleviating the financing dilemma and enhancing their ability to cope with market risks.

　　As for your proposal, "to change from regional preferential treatment and economic preferential treatment to industrial preferential treatment, and realize diversification of preferential forms." From a single direct tax reduction and exemption to direct tax reduction and exemption, reducing tax rate, accelerating depreciation, relaxing expenses, equipment investment credit, reinvestment tax rebate and other forms.2008yearonemoononeChina implemented the new enterprise income tax law on June. According to the principles and spirit of the reform of enterprise income tax by the National People’s Congress and the State Council, and the national industrial development strategy, the original preferential policies for enterprise income tax were adjusted, and a new pattern of preferential policies for enterprise income tax was established, which was dominated by industrial preferential policies and supplemented by regional preferential policies. In addition to retaining the preferential treatment in the western region, the regional tax preferential treatment is basically cancelled. The tax preference mode has also been adjusted from direct tax reduction and exemption to indirect preference, and a multi-level tax preference system has been established, which combines direct tax reduction and exemption, accelerated depreciation, pre-tax deduction, investment credit, income reduction and additional deduction.

　　In the next step, we will conscientiously implement the relevant decision-making arrangements in the State Council, deepen the reform of the tax system, improve the structural tax reduction policy, and study the tax system to further support the development of small and micro enterprises.

　　Four, about the training subsidies in the active employment policy to better use in small and micro enterprises.

　　The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to vocational training,2010In, the State Council successively issued the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Further Improving the Training of Migrant Workers (Guo Ban Fa [2010〕11No.), "Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening Vocational Training to Promote Employment" (Guo Fa [2010〕36), requiring all localities to further increase investment in vocational training subsidies, enhance the capacity of vocational training institutions, strengthen standardized guidance, and give full play to the positive role of market mechanisms in fund raising, training institution construction, and student organization.2011In, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Special Funds for Employment (Caishe [2011〕64No.) stipulates that rural migrant workers, fresh junior high school graduates who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas, etc., who participate in vocational training, will be given vocational training subsidies according to the training and employment situation; The enterprise newly hires the above-mentioned personnel and signs with the enterprise.sixA labor contract with a term of more than one month shall start from the date of signing the labor contract.sixTo participate in vocational training within months, you can install a certain proportion of the local vocational training subsidy standards and give enterprises a fixed vocational training subsidy; The fresh junior high school graduates who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas participate in the labor reserve training, and the rural students and the students from the minimum living guarantee families of urban residents are given a certain amount of cost of living allowance while subsidizing the training fees. At the same time, rural migrant workers, fresh junior high school graduates who have not continued their studies in urban and rural areas, etc. will be given a one-time vocational skill appraisal subsidy if they pass the initial vocational skill appraisal and obtain a vocational qualification certificate or a special vocational ability certificate.

　　2012yearfourThe State Council’s Opinions on Further Supporting the Healthy Development of Small and Micro Enterprises (Guo Fa [2012〕14No.) stipulates that for small and micro enterprises that recruit new college graduates and organize pre-job training, training fee subsidies shall be given according to regulations, and the training fee subsidy standards shall be appropriately raised. All enterprises, including small and medium-sized enterprises, should make full use of the current employment policy, attach importance to and strengthen vocational training, further improve their ability to absorb employment, and stabilize and expand employment.

　　About your suggestion that the government should organize free training for managers of small and micro enterprises to improve their management level. There are a large number of small and micro enterprises in China, which are widely distributed, so it is difficult and costly for the state to carry out training in a unified way. Therefore, the central government pays attention to the positive role of SME service agencies in policy design, arranges special expenditures in special funds to support the development of SMEs, and encourages SME service agencies to provide SME personnel with training services such as laws and regulations, industrial policies, social responsibility, transformation and upgrading, modern enterprise management knowledge training such as finance, production, quality, strategy and human resources, entrepreneurial knowledge, technological innovation, intellectual property rights and enterprise informatization training, so as to help SMEs improve their management level.

　　Your suggestion on "establishing and improving the entrepreneurial counseling system and policy support system for small and micro enterprises". In order to encourage small and micro enterprises to start their own businesses and improve the environment for their development, the central government has actively introduced a series of policies and measures. First, arrange funds in special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprise service systems to encourage small and medium-sized enterprise service institutions to provide services such as entrepreneurship and training; Second, arrange funds in the special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises to support the transformation of the entrepreneurial environment of small enterprises, focusing on supporting the transformation projects such as the venues needed for the entrepreneurial development of small enterprises, corresponding public works and necessary public service facilities; The third is to arrange venture capital guidance funds for small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, encourage venture capital enterprises to invest in small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises in the initial stage, increase the supply of funds, and provide value-added services such as entrepreneurship counseling; Fourth, in order to encourage people with employment difficulties to start their own businesses, the current tax policy stipulates that those who meet the requirements and hold the Employment Unemployment Registration Certificate (marked with the "tax policy for starting their own businesses") are engaged in self-employment (except construction, entertainment, sales of real estate, transfer of land use rights, advertising, housing agency, sauna, massage, Internet cafes and oxygen bars).threeDuring the year, per household per year8000Yuan is the limit to deduct the actual business tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharge and personal income tax in turn. The above policies have played a positive role in improving the entrepreneurial development environment of small and micro enterprises.

　　Your suggestions have important reference significance for promoting the healthy development of small and micro enterprises. In the next step, the central government will fully learn from your suggestions, strengthen research work, pay close attention to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially small and micro enterprises, and combine the actual needs of small and micro enterprises to continuously improve policies and measures to improve the development environment of small and micro enterprises and promote their healthy development.

　　

Quality is king! The ＂flow password＂ of the movie box office was broken.


Special feature of 1905 film network February 22nd, 2022, is also the 22nd of the first month, Tuesday. It seems like an ordinary day, but because of these figures, romantic Chinese gives this day a sense of ceremony. In pronunciation, "2" is close to "love" and is defined by many people. This is the "day with the most love" in the 21st century. Many filmmakers use this as a gimmick.　

Movies and movies will be scheduled for this day for the first time. After all, the usual time for painting movies is usually Friday, and occasionally there are films with high confidence in quality, and only on Thursday at most.　


Among them, when the movie "One Day Only Belongs to Us" was finalized, the original title "Give Me One Day" was changed to the current version, and "The day I love the most in my life, I just want to be with you" was the most important slogan on the movie poster. The design of the games adds interest to this sense of ceremony. For example, on Tuesday, February 22, 2022, at 22:22, it means "the day when I love the most"; Or at 13:14 on May 20th, transliteration "Lifetime".　


According to the statistics of Cat’s Eye Professional Edition, at 22:22 on February 22nd, the movie market arranged a total of 7,546 performances, and sold 56,619 tickets, with a total box office of 2,011,300.　


Is this kind of homophonic terrier, or the special schedule and special games spawned by digital games really effective?


At first glance, it has achieved a little success, and the marketing breakthrough

Eleven years before February 22, 2022 was defined as "the day when I love the most in my life", and November 11, 2011, it was crowned a century-old "God Stick Festival" by the outside world. Compare the box office results of films released on two days.

The single-day box office of Bouquet-like Love was only 9 million, but it became the film with the highest attendance rate that day, which was also higher than the first day box office of another high-profile film previously released by the director in China. "A Day Only for Us" barely passed 2 million, and the overall data was not satisfactory.


The success of the box office released 11 years ago does not need to be described too much. In the era when there was no ticketing app, the cinema could queue up to buy tickets. In the market in recent years, there are few such clever dates worth pondering, but the time itself is a bit embarrassing. Especially at 22:22 on February 22, after many movies ended, it was already after 0 o’clock the next day, which made many people in the workplace flinch.　


In addition to the new films, many films that are still showing are also crazy about the popularity.

The love movie, which was released on February 14th, also featured a special field of "Love You Forever" at 22:22 and a special field of "For Life" at 13:14. Just judging from the single-day box office, this movie with a Douban score of only 4.8 points did not get more box office income.　


Compared with these once-in-a-century days, the "5.20 file" transliteration of "I love you" has also become an important venue for many love movies. The film was released on May 20th, which strengthened this sense of ceremony to the extreme from the distribution level. The key was opened at 13:14, with the intention of "5201314, I love you all my life". What’s more, this movie shows the homophonic stem of time to the fullest, and hardly gives other movies more opportunities. From 13:14 to 22:22, 7 loving time passwords.　

In the end, the film earned nearly 100 million box office on the same day, but it dropped to more than 30 million the next day. Of course, it can’t be ignored that the box office reduction is directly related to the next day’s release. At the same time, the film quality is not recognized by the audience, which is also the key reason. No matter what the result is, many filmmakers have taken a fancy to this brand-new schedule. At present, there are three small and medium-sized love movies with "Can you leave me" scheduled for May 20 this year.　


Returning to the present, this method seems to be coincidental. Considering that there is no ticketing platform to collect more detailed data, the audience portrait and analysis are uncertain, but at least it has gradually emerged from the more conventional "520 files" and various tricks in the market, which has become a breakthrough in the marketing of various film producers.

This kind of digital game is just like the post of "forwarding for good luck" on various social platforms. Whether it is effective or not, the public is also fun.　


For example, the animated film released on February 19 was marked as a special field by the ticketing platform at 14 o’clock that day, "Looking at the pier in the clouds". There was no digital homophonic sound or too much publicity, but it still caused many viewers to be curious about the event and even posted articles on social platforms.　

The imbalance between supply and demand, the key is how to seize the audience.

Compared with the date games mentioned above, the word games of the New Year’s Eve are definitely "the hardest hit". Especially in the 2018 New Year’s Eve movies, the simplest 15-second short video is used to fill up the sense of ceremony of special events. Of course, in exchange for the performance of 2.62 box office on the first day, 10 million on the next day and less than 2 million on the third day. This is enough to become a case that has been constantly discussed and studied in the history of film promotion and marketing in China.　

In the following year, there were such special events, but there were no absolute out-of-circle cases. In 2020, we not only gave suggestions on the number of times to watch movies, so that the audience could embrace the New Year’s Eve at zero, but also put content eggs at the end of the film to push this atmosphere to the highest level.　


Last year, during the pre-sale of the New Year’s Eve, more or less, I tried to catch the audience in this form. At this time, the original state of relatively balanced supply and demand was instantly broken. Hug You Through the Cold Winter and Love by Year itself are more suitable for this kind of marketing. In the former, at 22:02 on December 31st, the subtitle egg "Hug Now" appeared at the end of the film for 5.20 seconds.　


If the emotion of the above two films is more suitable for this kind of marketing, then the crime-themed film "Anti-Corruption Storm 5" seems a bit far-fetched in the 22:25 session on December 31st, playing "I saw the last anti-corruption film on the last day of 2021, and the person I wanted to see at first sight in 2022".　


When all the movies in the same schedule play the same stunt, this kind of marketing will only become a chicken rib performance. In the end, what can really capture the audience is still the elements that return to the content itself, such as the theme type, creativity and word of mouth.　

Hu Jianli, secretary-general of the China Film Critics Association, said frankly when talking about this kind of film marketing, "In fact, we have created it one after another in recent years. The 520 and Qixi stalls, including February 22nd this year, are also an attempt. If the publicity time like this is particularly good, the gap between going to the cinema and expectations is too great. If this happens more often, there will also be a’ wolf coming’ effect. Then in the future, the audience may not believe in the best announcement of the film. "　

The game or homophonic stalk turned by numbers has its own interest, and it has always been the focus of marketing of various businesses. Singles’ Day in double 11 has become a shopping festival today, and "March 14th" has been turned into a "send day" by a fast food brand.

Marketing itself is the act of finding the audience for products, but finding the audience is not simply "killing the goose to get the egg", but should make the audience become the secondary disseminator in marketing. If the film blindly uses marketing to "cheat" the first audience, then the film will only end in tragedy. But who doesn’t expect a happy ending? Special dates and events are the icing itself, but only if the film under the icing is good enough will it really become a golden signboard.


Popular science ｜ Newborn baby vaccination, mom knows all about it.

With a loud cry, the newborn arrived in the expectation of his parents, and soon he will be vaccinated. As a novice parent, do you know about the vaccines that newborns need to be vaccinated? I hope the following strategies can help you.

Why should newborns be vaccinated?

After the baby is born, it needs to be vaccinated according to the national immunization program, which is the most effective, economical and reliable method to establish an immune barrier for the newborn. Newborns need to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and BCG.

Mother-to-child transmission is the main route of hepatitis B virus infection, and 30% ~ 50% of chronic hepatitis B patients are infected through mother-to-child transmission. The proportion of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in newborns and children is 80% ~ 90% and 30% ~ 50%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that in adolescents and adults (5% ~ 10%). Therefore, blocking mother-to-child transmission is a necessary means to control the epidemic of hepatitis B and reduce the harm caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that is routinely vaccinated at birth at home and abroad.

The protective effect of BCG vaccine is mainly achieved by inducing cell-mediated immune response. After inoculation with BCG vaccine, immunity is generated 4 ~ 8 weeks, and the immunity can last for more than 3 years.

Is it safe to vaccinate newborns?

As the competent department of vaccination, CDC organizes procurement in a unified way, and all vaccination units cannot accept vaccines provided by units or individuals other than CDC. Inoculation personnel must also obtain relevant qualification certificates before they can take up their posts, and receive relevant training and assessment every year. Therefore, as long as you choose a regular hospital to vaccinate your baby, it is very safe and secure.

Must I be vaccinated?

Article 6 of the Vaccine Management Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC): Residents living in China shall have the right to vaccinate the EPI according to law and fulfill the obligation to vaccinate the EPI. The government shall provide immunization program vaccine to residents free of charge, and the government and its relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization program vaccine, and guardians shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization program vaccine on time according to law.

Do I have to pay for vaccination?

The immunization program vaccine prescribed by the government is free, and the vaccine other than the non-immunization program vaccine that is voluntarily vaccinated needs to be charged. The hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccine mentioned here are all immunization programs and are provided free of charge.

What is hepatitis B vaccine?

Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B, which requires three doses, the first dose at birth, the second dose one month and the third dose six months.

Before vaccination, you need to sign an "informed consent form", and the staff will introduce the vaccinated vaccine in detail. As the guardian of the newborn, this consent form is signed by Bao Da or Bao Ma, and the consent form must clearly indicate "consent" or "disapproval" for vaccination.

What should we pay attention to when vaccinating hepatitis B vaccine?

The newborn is evaluated by medical staff at birth, and weighs 2000g g. Generally, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine can be inoculated when it is in good condition, and it can be inoculated in the deltoid muscle outside the upper arm by intramuscular injection.

According to the monitoring results of HBsAg (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) of each mother, the vaccination of newborns with hepatitis B vaccine will be different accordingly. The following information can be used for reference:

1. The HBsAg positive mother or mother has not tested HBsAg, and the weight of the newborn is ≥ 2,000 g.

Inoculate 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of "0, 1 and 6 months" (i.e. 1 dose at birth, 1 month old and 6 months old). According to the doctor’s advice, the delivery hospital inoculated the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours after birth. Community vaccination clinics provide follow-up doses of hepatitis B vaccination.

2. HBsAg positive mother or mother did not test HBsAg, and the weight of the newborn was less than ＜2000g g.

According to the immunization program of "0, 1, 2 and 7 months" (i.e. 1 dose at birth, 1 month old, 2 months old and 7 months old), 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine were inoculated. According to the doctor’s advice, the delivery hospital inoculated the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours after birth. After the child reaches the age of 1 month, it is suggested to inform the community of the HBsAg test results of the mother of the child in the vaccination clinic and provide the information of the child’s low weight. The community vaccination outpatient doctor will vaccinate the child with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine at the age of 1, 2 and 7 months.

Children whose mothers are HBsAg positive: It is suggested that HBsAg and anti -HBs should be tested 1-2 months after the last dose of hepatitis B vaccine. If HBsAg is negative and anti-HBS is less than 10 miu/ml, the test results should be informed to the community vaccination clinic. The community vaccination clinic doctor will vaccinate your child with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the "0, 1 and 6 months" immunization program, so as to produce better protection.

3. Newborns born to 3．HBsAg negative mothers

Inoculate 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of "0, 1 and 6 months". The delivery hospital vaccinates the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth according to the doctor’s advice. Community vaccination clinics provide follow-up doses of hepatitis B vaccination.

What is BCG?

BCG vaccine is a live vaccine made from attenuated suspension of Mycobacterium bovis, which is mainly used to prevent tuberculosis infection in childhood.

What should I pay attention to when inoculating BCG?

China’s vaccination plan stipulates that newborns with birth weight ≥2500g and generally in good condition should be vaccinated after birth. Premature infants, low-birth-weight infants, critically ill infants, etc. should be suspended from vaccination until their weight reaches the standard, their diseases are cured or their symptoms are stable. BCG was inoculated on the lower side of the middle part of the deltoid muscle outside the upper arm, and intradermal injection was used. During injection, a round raised Pitching was formed at the injection site, the surface skin turned white and the pores became larger, and then the injection was completed.

Under normal circumstances, after 2 ~ 3 weeks of BCG vaccination, erythema or papules appear locally at the inoculation site, which gradually soften to form white pustules, which can burst and scab on their own; After 8 ~ 12 weeks, the scab will fall off, and a permanent scar with a diameter of about 0.5-1cm will be formed on the upper arm skin, which is called "scar". Children who have been vaccinated with BCG will not be replanted even if the scar is not formed.

The normal local reaction of BCG vaccination generally does not need special treatment, but attention should be paid to nursing. On the day of inoculation, the injection site should be kept locally dry and clean. During the period of suppuration, prevent from getting wet, and don’t touch it often. After the pustule breaks and scabs, wait for the scab skin to fall off naturally, and don’t remove it early or dig it with your hands to prevent secondary infection. It is important to note that the inoculation site cannot be hot-pressed and squeezed.

How do babies who are not vaccinated get vaccinated again?

Because the birth weight of hepatitis B vaccine is less than 2000g, the baby should reach 2000g and go to the inoculation point for supplementary vaccination within 3 months.

Babies who have not been vaccinated with BCG can be replanted directly if they are less than 3 months old; If it is between 3 months and 3 years old, it is necessary to carry out tuberculin test (PPD) first, and if the result is negative, it can be replanted; Children aged 4 and above are no longer replanted.

Pay attention to the employment data of colleges and universities, and pay more attention to the employment quality.

　　Recently, the Ministry of Education launched the verification of employment data in colleges and universities in 2023. Although this work is carried out almost every year, this year’s action is obviously much bigger. A few days ago, the Ministry of Education issued a special notice on the verification of employment data of college graduates in 2023, convened a verification deployment meeting of provincial education departments for mobilization, and sent several working groups to carry out special verification in various provinces. The working group went deep into universities and departments by going straight to the topic and going straight to the front line, and adopted data verification, spot checks and on-site interviews, with the aim of strictly checking the fraud of employment data.

　　Recently, the falsification of employment data in some colleges and universities has aroused widespread concern, which constitutes the social background of this round of verification. At the same time, the Ministry of Education attaches great importance to the authenticity of employment data and has profound internal logic. Employment data is a yardstick to measure the running of higher education, which directly affects the enrollment, specialty setting, the formulation of teaching and training programs, the evaluation of teaching level, etc. It is very important for colleges and universities.

　　At the same time, the employment rate is also a key indicator of social and economic development. "Employment is the greatest livelihood". College graduates with higher employment data will increase the employment rate of the whole society, and vice versa. Therefore, the employment data and accuracy of college graduates are particularly important.

　　However, regarding this work, one of the major contradictions is that the employment rate does not depend entirely on the universities themselves, but also on the macro-economy, even more on the macro-economy. From the perspective of the job market, college students are completely new laborers, lacking practical experience and resources, and need a long adaptation period. When the business expands, business units are willing to recruit college graduates and spend resources on training. However, once the business unit faces the economic contraction period, the contradiction will be highlighted. At present, the employment situation is: there are limited places in the system for public examinations and supernumerary recruitment, so it is impossible to have a large-scale growth. As the main force to provide jobs, private enterprises are generally in the transitional stage in the early stage of recovery, and there is no strong ability to absorb employment.

　　At the micro level of graduates, there are also many factors that restrict the promotion of employment rate. During the period when the education authorities count the employment rate, a considerable proportion of students have not yet "landed". At present, many college graduates will take the public examination, compile the examination and take the postgraduate entrance examination. If they don’t succeed in the examination, a considerable number of graduates will choose World War II, World War III and even "mobile warfare". According to the latest policy, college graduates during the COVID-19 epidemic can keep their status as freshmen for two years, so that they can take the public examination. Many students would rather not be employed for this status this year. Employers are also very strong, and often take the form of "trial" and "internship" to inspect graduates, and then decide whether to sign a contract after two or three months. In the absence of bargaining power, some graduates can successfully sign contracts, while others become "free labor". This time period just missed the time node counted by the education authorities. In addition, there are also some graduates with better family conditions who will choose the way of "gap" for one year, experience life everywhere, and are not in a hurry to get employment.

　　In this situation, the employment work of colleges and universities is really under great pressure. Sometimes, in order to make a job, some wrong means will be taken to "do" the data. For example, the "four prohibitions" and "three prohibitions" mentioned in the documents of the Ministry of Education are typical. Employment rate data is very important, and its accuracy is related to the running of higher education. On the one hand, it is really necessary for relevant departments to verify the data, and on the other hand, they can take actions to help colleges and universities facing difficulties improve their employment situation.

　　Choosing a university means choosing a life experience, and the employment direction after graduation, which will affect the long-term life path. Therefore, all parties should uphold the concept of long-term ism when dealing with the employment problem. Colleges and universities should pay more attention to students’ career planning courses. However, at present, the teaching time of this course is more, and the time for visiting and communicating with employers is less, so it is difficult for students to have a clear perceptual understanding of employment. The employment rate we are counting now is counted once in August and once in December of that year. But the situation in the real job market is that many college graduates will not be able to determine their final destination until a year later. In the face of statistical time nodes, schools often urge students to sign an employment destination casually, and students’ subsequent development is often neglected. Therefore, the real employment situation should be observed over a long period of time. The employment situation after one year, the success situation after 10 years, and the matching degree of employment majors are all more telling than simple employment rate statistics.

　　(The author is the head of the journalism department of zhejiang university city college)

　　Li Xiaopeng Source: China Youth Daily

Notice on printing and distributing the operation guide for the cooperation mode of government and social capital (for Trial Implementation)

Notice on printing and distributing the operation guide for the cooperation mode of government and social capital (for Trial Implementation)
Caijin [2014] No.113

The finance departments (bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities under separate state planning, and the Finance Bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

According to the Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Issues Related to Popularizing and Applying the Cooperation Mode of Government and Social Capital (No.76 [2014] of the Ministry of Finance), in order to ensure the implementation quality of cooperation projects between government and social capital, and standardize the operation procedures of each link of project identification, preparation, procurement, implementation and handover, the Operation Guide for Cooperation Mode of Government and Social Capital (for Trial Implementation) is hereby issued, please follow it.

Attachment: Operation Guide for Cooperation Mode of Government and Social Capital (Trial)

the Ministry of Finance
November 29th, 2014

Attachment:

Guide to the operation of cooperation mode between government and social capital
(Trial)

Chapter I General Provisions

the first In order to popularize and apply the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scientifically and normatively, According to the Budget Law of the People’s Republic of China, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Government Procurement Law, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Contract Law, the State Council’s Opinions on Strengthening the Management of Local Government Debt (Guo Fa [2014] No.43), the State Council’s Decision on Deepening the Reform of Budget Management System (Guo Fa [2014] No.45) and the Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Promoting and Applying the Cooperation Mode of Government and Social Capital (Cai

the second The term "social capital" as mentioned in this Guide refers to domestic and foreign enterprise legal persons who have established a modern enterprise system, but does not include financing platform companies owned by the government at the same level and other holding state-owned enterprises.

Article This guide is applicable to regulate the activities of the government, social capital and other participants in the identification, preparation, procurement, implementation and handover of cooperation projects between the government and social capital.

Article 4 The financial department should adhere to the basic principles of the socialist market economy, strengthen coordination with relevant government departments in the spirit of system innovation and cooperative contract, actively play the role of third-party professional institutions, and comprehensively coordinate the cooperative management of government and social capital.

The financial departments of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities under separate state planning and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps should actively set up government and social capital cooperation centers or designate specialized agencies to perform the duties of planning guidance, financing support, identification and evaluation, consulting services, publicity and training, performance evaluation, information statistics, expert database and project library construction.

Article 5 All participants should follow the principles of fairness, justice, openness, honesty and credibility, and implement government and social capital cooperation projects in a legal, standardized and efficient manner.

Chapter II Project Identification

Article 6 Infrastructure and public service projects with large investment scale, long-term stable demand, flexible price adjustment mechanism and high degree of marketization are suitable for government and social capital cooperation mode.

Government and social capital cooperation projects are initiated by the government or social capital, mainly by the government.

(1) initiated by the government.

The financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) should be responsible for collecting potential government and social capital cooperation projects from the competent departments of transportation, housing construction, environmental protection, energy, education, medical care, physical fitness and cultural facilities. The competent department of industry can select potential projects from the new construction, reconstruction projects or stock public assets in the national economic and social development planning and industry special planning.

(2) Initiation of social capital.

Social capital should recommend potential government and social capital cooperation projects to the financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) in the form of project proposal.

Article 7 The financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) shall, jointly with the industry authorities, evaluate and screen potential government and social capital cooperation projects and determine alternative projects. The financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) shall formulate the annual and medium-term development plan of the project according to the screening results.

For the projects included in the annual development plan, the project sponsor shall submit relevant materials according to the requirements of the financial department (government and social capital cooperation center). The feasibility study report, project output description and preliminary implementation plan shall be submitted for new construction and reconstruction projects; The stock project shall submit the historical data, project output description and preliminary implementation plan of the stock public assets.

Article 8 The financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) will carry out value-for-money evaluation from both qualitative and quantitative aspects in conjunction with the competent departments of the industry. Quantitative evaluation work is carried out by all localities according to the actual situation.

Qualitative evaluation focuses on whether the cooperation mode of government and social capital can increase supply, optimize risk distribution, improve operational efficiency, promote innovation and fair competition compared with the traditional government procurement mode.

Quantitative evaluation mainly compares the present value of government expenditure cost with the comparative value of public sector in the whole life cycle of government and social capital cooperation projects, calculates the value for money of the projects, and judges whether the cooperation mode of government and social capital reduces the whole life cycle cost of the projects.

Article 9 In order to ensure the long-term financial sustainability, the financial department should demonstrate the financial affordability of some projects paid or subsidized by the government according to the financial expenditure, government debt and other factors in the whole life cycle of the project, and the annual financial expenditure such as government payment or government subsidy should not exceed a certain proportion of the current fiscal revenue.

Projects that pass the value-for-money evaluation and financial affordability demonstration can be prepared.

Chapter III Project Preparation

Article 10 Local people’s governments at or above the county level may establish a special coordination mechanism, which is mainly responsible for project evaluation, organization and coordination, inspection and supervision, etc., so as to simplify the examination and approval process and improve work efficiency. The government or its designated relevant functional departments or institutions can be used as project implementation agencies, responsible for project preparation, procurement, supervision and handover.

Article 11 The project implementation agency shall organize the preparation of the project implementation plan, and introduce the following contents in turn:

(1) Overview of the project.

The general situation of the project mainly includes the basic situation, economic and technical indicators and the equity of the project company.

The basic situation mainly defines the contents of public products and services provided by the project, the necessity and feasibility of the project operating in the mode of cooperation between government and social capital, and the objectives and significance of the project operation.

Economic and technical indicators mainly define the project location, area, construction content or asset scope, investment scale or asset value, main output description and source of funds.

The equity of the project company mainly clarifies whether to set up the project company and the company’s equity structure.

(2) Basic framework of risk allocation.

According to the principles of risk allocation optimization, risk-return equivalence and risk control, the project risk is reasonably distributed between the government and social capital by comprehensively considering factors such as government risk management ability, project return mechanism and market risk management ability.

In principle, commercial risks such as project design, construction, finance, operation and maintenance are borne by social capital, risks such as laws, policies and minimum demand are borne by the government, and risks such as force majeure are reasonably shared by the government and social capital.

(3) Project operation mode.

Project operation modes mainly include entrusted operation, contract management, construction-operation-handover, construction-ownership-operation, transfer-operation-handover and reconstruction-operation-handover.

The choice of specific operation mode is mainly determined by the charging pricing mechanism, the level of project investment income, the basic framework of risk allocation, financing demand, reconstruction and expansion demand and expiration disposal.

(4) the transaction structure.

The transaction structure mainly includes the project investment and financing structure, return mechanism and related supporting arrangements.

The investment and financing structure of the project mainly explains the source, nature and purpose of the capital expenditure of the project, the formation and transfer of the project assets, etc.

The project return mechanism mainly explains the source of funds for social capital to obtain investment return, including payment methods such as user payment, feasibility gap subsidy and government payment.

Relevant supporting arrangements mainly explain the supporting facilities such as land, water, electricity, gas and roads provided by relevant institutions outside the project and the upstream and downstream services required by the project.

(5) Contract system.

The contract system mainly includes project contract, shareholder contract, financing contract, project contract, operation service contract, raw material supply contract, product purchase contract and insurance contract. The project contract is the core legal document.

The project boundary conditions are the core content of the project contract, mainly including the boundaries of rights and obligations, transaction conditions, performance guarantee and adjustment and convergence.

The boundary of rights and obligations mainly defines the ownership of project assets, the public responsibility assumed by social capital, the way of government payment and the result of risk distribution.

The boundary of trading conditions mainly defines the project contract term, project return mechanism, charging pricing adjustment mechanism and output description.

The boundary of performance guarantee mainly defines the compulsory insurance scheme and the performance guarantee system consisting of investment competition guarantee, construction performance guarantee, operation and maintenance guarantee and handover maintenance guarantee.

The adjustment of the convergence boundary mainly defines the response measures such as emergency handling, temporary takeover and early termination, contract change, contract extension, and the demand for new expansion and expansion of the project.

(6) Regulatory framework.

The supervision structure mainly includes authorization relationship and supervision mode. The authorization relationship mainly refers to the government’s authorization to the project implementation agency and the government’s authorization to social capital directly or through the project implementation agency; Supervision methods mainly include performance management, administrative supervision and public supervision.

(7) Selection of procurement methods.

Project procurement shall be carried out in accordance with the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Municipal Government Procurement Law and relevant rules and regulations, and the procurement methods include public bidding, competitive negotiation, invited bidding, competitive negotiation and single-source procurement. Project implementation agencies should choose appropriate procurement methods according to the characteristics of project procurement needs.

Open bidding is mainly applicable to projects with clear and complete core boundary conditions and technical and economic parameters, which are in line with national laws and regulations and government procurement policies and will not be changed in procurement.

Article 12 The financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) shall verify the value for money and financial affordability of the project implementation plan, and if it passes the verification, the project implementation agency shall report it to the government for review; If it fails to pass the verification, it can be re-verified after the implementation plan is adjusted; If it still fails to pass the re-verification, the cooperation mode of government and social capital will no longer be adopted.

Chapter IV Project Procurement

Article 13 Project implementation agencies should prepare pre-qualification documents according to the needs of the project, issue a pre-qualification announcement, invite social capital and financial institutions cooperating with them to participate in the pre-qualification, verify whether the project can obtain social capital response and achieve full competition, and submit the pre-qualification review report to the financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) for the record.

If there are more than three social capitals in the project that have passed the prequalification, the project implementation agency may continue to carry out the preparation of procurement documents; If there are less than three social capitals that have passed the prequalification, the project implementation agency shall reorganize the prequalification after the implementation plan is adjusted; If the social capital of the project is still not enough after re-prequalification, the procurement method selected by the implementation plan can be adjusted according to law.

Article 14 The pre-qualification announcement shall be published in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. If the pre-qualified social capital changes its qualification before signing the project contract, it shall promptly notify the project implementation agency.

The prequalification announcement shall include the authorized subject of the project, the project implementing agency and the project name, the procurement demand, the qualification requirements for social capital, whether the consortium is allowed to participate in procurement activities, the number and determination method of qualified social capital to be determined, and the time and place for social capital to submit the prequalification application documents. The time for submitting pre-qualification application documents shall not be less than 15 working days from the date of announcement.

Article 15 Project procurement documents shall include procurement invitation, instructions to competitors (including sealing, signing and stamping requirements, etc.), qualification, credit standing and performance certification documents that competitors should provide, procurement method, government authorization to project implementation agencies, approval of implementation plan and project-related approval documents, procurement procedures, requirements for preparation of response documents, deadline for submitting response documents, opening time and place, amount and form of compulsory guarantee deposit payment, evaluation method, evaluation standard and government procurement policy.

In case of competitive negotiation or competitive negotiation procurement, the project procurement documents shall specify the contents that may be substantially changed by the evaluation team according to the negotiation with social capital, including the technical and service requirements in the procurement requirements and the terms of the draft contract, in addition to the contents specified in the preceding paragraph.

Article 16 The review team consists of more than 5 representatives of project implementation agencies and review experts, of which the number of review experts shall not be less than 2/3 of the total number of review team members. Evaluation experts can be selected by the project implementation agency, but the evaluation experts should include at least one financial expert and one legal expert. The representative of the project implementation agency shall not participate in the project review as an expert.

Article 17 If the project adopts public bidding, invitation bidding, competitive negotiation and single-source procurement, it shall be implemented in accordance with government procurement laws, regulations and relevant regulations.

If the project is purchased by competitive negotiation, it shall be conducted in accordance with the following basic procedures:

(a) procurement announcement and registration.

The announcement of competitive consultation shall be published in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level. The announcement of competitive consultation shall include the project implementing agency and project name, project structure and core boundary conditions, whether social capital that has not been prequalified is allowed to participate in procurement activities, as well as the review principle, project output description, requirements for response documents provided by social capital, time, place and method of obtaining procurement documents, price of procurement documents, deadline for submitting response documents, opening time and place. The time for submitting response documents shall not be less than 10 days from the date of announcement.

(two) qualification examination and procurement documents for sale.

If the qualification has been pre-qualified, the review team will no longer review the social capital qualification at the review stage. If the post-qualification review is allowed, the review team will review the qualifications of social capital in the review of response documents. The project implementation agency may, depending on the specific circumstances of the project, organize the inspection and verification of the qualifications of qualified social capital.

The selling price of procurement documents shall be determined in accordance with the principle of making up the printing cost of procurement documents, and shall not be for profit, and shall not be based on the purchase amount of the project. The sale period of procurement documents shall not be less than 5 working days from the date of commencement.

(3) Clarification or modification of procurement documents.

Before the deadline for submitting the first response document, the project implementation agency may make necessary clarifications or modifications to the issued procurement documents, and the contents of clarification or modification shall be regarded as an integral part of the procurement documents. If the clarification or modification may affect the preparation of the response document, the project implementation agency shall notify all social capital that have obtained the procurement document in writing at least 5 days before the deadline for submitting the first response document; Less than 5 days, the project implementation agency shall postpone the deadline for submission of response documents.

(4) Response document review.

The project implementation agency shall organize the receipt and opening of response documents in accordance with the provisions of the procurement documents.

The review team will review the response documents in two stages:

The first stage: determine the final purchase demand plan. The review team can negotiate with social capital for several rounds. During the negotiation, the technical and service requirements of the procurement documents and the terms of the draft contract can be substantially revised, but the non-negotiable core conditions stipulated in the procurement documents can not be revised. The content of substantive changes must be confirmed by the project implementation agency and notified to all social capital participating in the negotiation. The specific procedures shall be implemented in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Non-tendering Methods of Government Procurement and relevant regulations.

The second stage: comprehensive score. After the final procurement demand plan is determined, the review team will comprehensively score the final response documents submitted by social capital, prepare the review report and submit the ranking list of candidate social capital to the project implementation agency. The specific procedures shall be implemented in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Bidding for Government Procurement of Goods and Services and relevant regulations.

Article 18 The project implementing agency shall, in the pre-qualification announcement, procurement announcement, procurement documents and procurement contracts, specify the preferential measures and scope for domestic social capital, the requirements for foreign social capital to purchase goods and services produced in China and other relevant government procurement policies, as well as the mandatory guarantee requirements for social capital to participate in procurement activities and performance guarantee. Social capital should pay the deposit in non-cash forms such as checks, bills of exchange, promissory notes or letters of guarantee issued by financial institutions and guarantee institutions. The amount of the deposit for participating in procurement activities shall not exceed 2% of the project budget. The amount of performance bond shall not exceed 10% of the total initial investment or asset evaluation value of government and social capital cooperation projects. For service cooperation projects with no fixed assets investment or small investment, the amount of performance bond shall not exceed the average service income of 6 months.

Article 19 The project implementation agency shall organize social capital to conduct on-site inspection or hold a question-and-answer meeting before purchasing, but it shall not organize on-site inspection and question-and-answer meeting with only one social capital alone or separately.

Article 20 The project implementation agency shall set up a special negotiation working group to confirm the procurement results. According to the ranking of the candidate social capitals, the candidate social capitals and the financial institutions that cooperate with them shall negotiate the confirmation of the variable details in the contract before signing, and the winner shall be the first to reach an agreement. Confirm that the negotiation shall not involve the non-negotiable core clauses in the contract, and shall not renegotiate with the social capital ranked first but whose negotiation has been terminated.

Article 21 After the confirmation negotiation is completed, the project implementation agency shall sign a confirmation negotiation memorandum with the selected social capital, and publicize the procurement results and the contract text drawn up according to the procurement documents, response documents, addendum documents and confirmation negotiation memorandum. The publicity period shall not be less than 5 working days. The contract text should take the important commitments and technical documents in the successful social capital response document as annexes. The contents involving state secrets and commercial secrets in the contract text may not be publicized.

After the expiration of the publicity period, the project contract without objection shall be signed by the project implementation agency and the selected social capital after the approval of the government.

If it is necessary to set up a special project company for the project, after the establishment of the project company, the project company and the project implementation agency will re-sign the project contract or sign a supplementary contract to inherit the project contract.

The project implementation agency shall, within 2 working days from the date of signing the project contract, announce the project contract in the media designated by the financial department of the people’s government at or above the provincial level, except for the contents involving state secrets and commercial secrets in the contract.

Article 22 The financial departments of the people’s governments at all levels shall strengthen the supervision and inspection of the procurement activities of PPP projects, and deal with the illegal acts in the procurement activities in a timely manner.

Chapter V Project Implementation

Article 23 Social capital can set up project companies according to law. The government may designate relevant institutions to participate in the project company according to law. Project implementation agencies and financial departments (government and social capital cooperation center) should supervise social capital to set up the project company in full and on time in accordance with the procurement documents and project contracts.

Article 24 Project financing is the responsibility of social capital or project company. Social capital or project companies should promptly carry out financing scheme design, institutional contact, contract signing and financing delivery. Financial departments (government and social capital cooperation center) and project implementation agencies should do a good job in supervision and management to prevent corporate debts from being transferred to the government.

If the social capital or the project company fails to complete the financing as agreed in the project contract, the government may withdraw the performance bond until the project contract is terminated; In case of systemic financial risks or force majeure, the government, social capital or the project company may revise the relevant financing clauses in the contract through consultation according to the project contract.

When the project has major operational or financial risks, which threaten or infringe the interests of creditors, creditors can request social capital or project company to improve management according to the direct intervention agreement or terms signed with the government, social capital or project company. Within the time limit stipulated in the direct intervention agreement or terms, if the major risk has been lifted, the creditor shall stop intervening.

Article 25 The government payment obligations involved in the project contract shall be considered by the financial department in combination with the medium and long-term financial planning, incorporated into the government budget at the same level, and implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of budget management. The financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) and the project implementation agency shall establish a government payment ledger for government and social capital cooperation projects, and strictly control the government financial risks. After the establishment of the government’s comprehensive financial reporting system, the government’s payment obligations in the cooperation projects between the government and social capital should be included in the government’s comprehensive financial reporting.

Article 26 The project implementation agency shall, according to the project contract, supervise the social capital or the project company to fulfill its contractual obligations, regularly monitor the project output performance indicators, prepare quarterly and annual reports, and report them to the financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) for the record.

If the government has the obligation to pay, the project implementing agency shall, according to the output description agreed in the project contract and actual performance, directly or notify the financial department to pay the social capital or the project company in full and on time. If an excess income sharing mechanism is set up, social capital or the project company shall pay the excess income to the government in full and on time according to the project contract.

If the actual performance of the project is better than the agreed standard, the project implementing agency shall implement the incentive clauses agreed in the project contract, which can be used as the basis for whether the contract can be extended at the expiration of the project; If it fails to meet the agreed standards, the project implementation agency shall implement the punishment clauses or relief measures agreed in the project contract.

Article 27 If social capital or the project company violates the project contract, threatening the sustained, stable and safe supply of public goods and services, or endangering national security and major public interests, the government has the right to temporarily take over the project until the early termination procedure of the project is started.

The government may designate qualified institutions to implement temporary takeover. All expenses arising from the temporary takeover of the project will be borne by the defaulting party alone or shared by the responsible parties according to the project contract. Social capital or the temporary takeover expenses that the project company should bear can be deducted from its due termination compensation.

Article 28 In the process of project contract execution and management, project implementing agencies should focus on contract revision, liability for breach of contract and dispute resolution.

(1) Revision of the contract.

According to the conditions and procedures agreed in the project contract, the project implementing agency and social capital or the project company can apply for revising the project contract according to the changes in the social and economic environment, the demand and structure of public goods and services, and implement it after being examined and approved by the government.

(2) Liability for breach of contract.

If the project implementing agency, social capital or project company fails to fulfill the obligations stipulated in the project contract, they shall bear the corresponding liabilities for breach of contract, including stopping the infringement, eliminating the impact, paying liquidated damages, compensating the losses and dissolving the project contract.

(3) Dispute settlement.

In the process of project implementation, according to the project contract, the project implementation agency, social capital or project company may apply for arbitration or bring a civil lawsuit in accordance with the law on matters that are controversial and cannot be reached through consultation.

Article 29 The project implementation agency shall conduct a mid-term evaluation of the project every 3-5 years, focusing on the analysis of the project operation status and the compliance, adaptability and rationality of the project contract; Timely assess the risks of problems found, formulate countermeasures, and report to the financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) for the record.

Article 30 Relevant functional departments of the government should perform administrative supervision duties on the project according to relevant national laws and regulations, focusing on the quality of public products and services, price and charging mechanism, safe production, environmental protection and workers’ rights and interests.

If the social capital or the project company refuses to accept the administrative supervision decision of the government functional departments, it may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.

Article 31 The government, social capital or project company should publicly disclose the relevant information of the project according to law, protect the public’s right to know and accept social supervision.

Social capital or project company shall disclose the quantity and quality of project output, project operation status and other information. The government should disclose the contract terms, performance monitoring reports, mid-term evaluation reports and major changes or terminations of government and social capital cooperation projects that do not involve state secrets or commercial secrets.

If the public and project stakeholders find that the project is illegal or in breach of contract, or the public products and services are not up to standard, they can submit it to the government functional departments for supervision and inspection.

Chapter VI Project Handover

Article 32 When the project is handed over, the project implementing agency or other agencies designated by the government will recover the project assets agreed in the project contract on behalf of the government.

The project contract should clearly stipulate the transfer form, compensation method, transfer content and transfer standard. Handover forms include termination of handover upon expiration and termination of handover in advance; Compensation methods include free transfer and paid transfer; The transfer contents include project assets, personnel, documents and intellectual property rights; Handover standards include indicators such as equipment integrity rate and minimum serviceable life.

If paid transfer is adopted, the compensation scheme shall be clearly stipulated in the project contract; If there is no agreement or the agreement is unclear, the project implementation agency shall draw up a compensation plan in accordance with the principle of "restoring the same economic status" and report it to the government for approval before implementation.

Article 33 The project implementation agency or other agencies designated by the government shall set up a project handover working group, confirm the handover situation and compensation method with social capital or project company according to the project contract, and formulate an asset evaluation and performance test plan.

The project transfer working group shall entrust an asset appraisal institution with relevant qualifications to conduct asset appraisal on the transferred assets according to the appraisal method agreed in the project contract as the basis for determining the compensation amount.

The project handover working group shall conduct performance tests on the handed-over assets in strict accordance with the performance test scheme and handover standards. If the performance test results are not up to standard, the handover working group shall require social capital or project company to carry out recovery repair, update and reset or withdraw the handover maintenance guarantee.

Article 34 Social capital or project company shall hand over the project assets, intellectual property rights and technical legal documents that meet the performance test requirements, together with the list of assets, to the project implementation agency or other institutions designated by the government, and complete the legal transfer and management transfer procedures. Social capital or project company should cooperate with the smooth transition of project operation.

Article 35 After the handover of the project is completed, the financial department (government and social capital cooperation center) shall organize relevant departments to evaluate the performance of the project output, cost-effectiveness, regulatory effectiveness, sustainability, application of government and social capital cooperation mode, and disclose the evaluation results according to relevant regulations. The evaluation results can be used as a reference for the government to carry out the cooperative management of government and social capital.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 36 This operation guide shall come into force as of the date of issuance and shall be valid for 3 years.

Article 37 The Ministry of Finance shall be responsible for the interpretation of this operation guide.

Attachment: 1. Operation Flow Chart of Government and Social Capital Cooperation Project

2. Noun explanation

Attachment 1

Operation flow chart of government and social capital cooperation project


Attachment 2

Noun interpretation

1. Whole Life Cycle refers to the complete cycle of a project from design, financing, construction, operation, maintenance to termination of handover.

2. Output Specification refers to the economic and technical standards that the project assets should meet after the completion of the project, as well as the delivery scope, standards and performance levels of public goods and services.

3. Value for Money, VFM) refers to the long-term maximum benefits that an organization can obtain by using its available resources. VFM evaluation is a widely used evaluation system in the world to evaluate whether the public goods and services traditionally provided by the government can use the cooperation model of government and social capital, aiming at optimizing the efficiency of public resources allocation and utilization.

4. Public Sector Comparator, PSC) refers to the present value of the total cost of public goods and services provided by the government in the traditional procurement mode during the whole life cycle, which mainly includes the net cost of construction and operation, transferable risk bearing cost, retained risk bearing cost and competitive neutral adjustment cost.

5. User Charge refers to the direct purchase of public goods and services by the final consumer.

6. Viability Gap Funding refers to the economic subsidies given to social capital or project company by the government in the form of financial subsidies, equity investment, preferential loans and other preferential policies, because the fees paid by users are not enough to meet the cost recovery and reasonable return of social capital or project company.

7. Government Payment refers to the direct purchase of public goods and services by the government, which mainly includes Availability Payment, Usage Payment and Performance Payment.

The basis of government payment is mainly the availability of facilities, the usage and quality of products and services.

8. Operations & Maintenance (O&M) refers to the operation mode of government-social capital cooperation projects in which the government entrusts the operation and maintenance of public assets in stock to social capital or project companies, and social capital or project companies are not responsible for user services. The government retains the ownership of assets and only pays the entrusted operation fee to social capital or project company. The term of the contract generally does not exceed 8 years.

9. Management Contract (MC) refers to the project operation mode in which the government entrusts the operation, maintenance and user service of public assets in stock to social capital or project company. The government retains the ownership of assets and only pays management fees to social capital or project companies. Management contracts are usually used as a transitional mode of transfer-operation-transfer, and the contract period is generally not more than 3 years.

10. Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) refers to the project operation mode in which social capital or project company undertakes the responsibilities of design, financing, construction, operation, maintenance and user service of new projects, and the project assets and related rights are handed over to the government after the contract expires. The contract term is generally 20-30 years.

11. Build-Own-Operate (BOO) evolved from BOT mode. The main difference between the two modes is that social capital or the project company owns the project ownership under BOO mode, but the contract must specify the constraint clauses to ensure public welfare, which generally does not involve the handover of the project upon expiration.

12. Transfer-Operate-Transfer (TOT) refers to the project operation mode in which the government transfers the ownership of existing assets to social capital or project company for compensation, which is responsible for operation, maintenance and user service, and the assets and their ownership are handed over to the government after the contract expires. The contract term is generally 20-30 years.

13. Rebuild-operate-transfer (ROT) refers to the project operation mode in which the government adds renovation and expansion contents on the basis of TOT mode. The contract term is generally 20-30 years.

National Bureau of Statistics： The fourth quarter and even the whole year have the foundation and conditions to maintain the growth trend.

　　Cctv news: On October 19th, the State Council held a press conference on the operation of the national economy in the first three quarters. In response to a reporter’s question, Liu Aihua, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics and director of the National Economic Statistics Department, said that from various factors, whether from demand, production, or confidence and vitality shown by the whole market,In the fourth quarter and even the whole year, we have the foundation, conditions and confidence to maintain the current situation.

　　First, demand gradually picked up in the first three quarters.In terms of investment, investment in fixed assets increased by 0.8% year-on-year, and turned from negative to positive for the first time in the year. From the leading indicators, the planned total investment of newly started projects in the first three quarters increased by 14.6% year-on-year, with a double-digit growth rate. In terms of consumption, the quarterly growth rate of total retail sales of social consumer goods turned positive for the first time in the year. Of the 18 commodity categories, 14 turned positive and 6 achieved double-digit growth. From the service industry, the average daily sales of national retail and catering key monitoring enterprises increased by 4.9% year-on-year. The number of tourists has recovered to about 80%. Residents’ demand for physical consumption and service consumption is in the process of recovery.

　　Second, the industrial cycle continues to improve.This year, efforts have been made to get through the blocking points of the supply chain of the industrial chain, the internal circulation of the industry has gradually improved, and the capacity utilization rate has increased quarter by quarter. In the third quarter, the national industrial capacity utilization rate was 76.7%, up 2.3 percentage points from the previous month. Automobile manufacturing, general equipment manufacturing, computer communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing have all rebounded, and the recovery of downstream industries has also improved. In September, the added value of consumer goods manufacturing above designated size increased for the first time this year. Most industries in the service industry have achieved positive growth. Six of the eight industries that constitute the service industry production index have achieved positive growth, and the growth of information transmission software and information technology service industry is above double digits.

　　Third, the confidence of market participants has gradually increased.In the first three quarters, the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform was continuously deepened, and the sense of enterprise acquisition was significantly enhanced. First of all, tax reduction and fee reduction have achieved positive results, 1-mdash; In August, 1.88 trillion yuan was added for tax reduction and fee reduction. In August, the cost of operating income per 100 yuan of industrial enterprises decreased by 0.47 yuan year-on-year. Secondly, corporate profits continued to grow. In August, the profits of industrial enterprises increased by 19.1% year-on-year, which was a positive growth for four consecutive months. The profits of service enterprises increased by 15.5% year-on-year, among which the profits of high-tech service enterprises increased by 34.7%. In September, the purchasing managers’ index of manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries rose by 0.5 and 0.7 percentage points respectively year-on-year, both of which were above the critical point for seven months.

Looking at the NPC and CPPCC from the legal perspective ｜ Liu Shoumin, deputy to the National People’s Congress： Making due efforts to create a good judicial and market environment

CCTV reporter: As a representative of the National People’s Congress in the legal field, what issues will your proposal focus on this year?

Liu Shoumin:As a representative of the National People’s Congress in the legal field, I have been paying more attention to the topic of the rule of law and the development of market economy. This year, there are both old problems that have been called for to be solved, and new problems that have been discovered recently and should be paid attention to. The former, for example, concerns the revision and improvement of China’s criminal record system, that is, the system of sealing up and eliminating criminal records, so as to help minor offenders integrate into society smoothly, and the unification and improvement of criminal justice policies to effectively protect private enterprises and entrepreneurs in China. The latter, for example, suggests perfecting the independent director system of listed companies in China, strictly prohibiting the outsourcing of the administrative law enforcement power and compulsory measures power of city appearance management in disguised form, as well as opinions and suggestions on the integrated effect of the comprehensive reform system of the court judicial system and the comprehensive revision of the payment method of legal fees, and so on.

CCTV reporter: You have put forward some suggestions on revising and perfecting China’s criminal record system. What are the characteristics of the criminal record system in China? How do you think this system should be improved?

Liu Shoumin:In 2012, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of National Security and the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the Opinions on Establishing a Criminal Record System for Criminals, which established a basic criminal record system in China, including a criminal information registration and management system, a criminal information inquiry or notification system, and a minor misdemeanor criminal record storage system. The existence of criminal records will inevitably have many adverse effects on the work, life and study of the recorded people, and it is easy to form a "label effect" of "once a thief, always a thief", which will further hinder the recorded people from turning over a new leaf, and even make some people go to the opposite side of society because there is no hope of returning to society.

At present, China’s laws and related policies only require the storage of minor misdemeanor records of minors under the age of 18 at the time of committing crimes, and there is no provision for the elimination of minor misdemeanor records, nor for the conditional storage or elimination of adult misdemeanor records. We have noticed that on the one hand, the proportion of misdemeanors in the current criminal structure is getting higher and higher, and on the other hand, the scope of misdemeanors is getting wider and wider. For example, the crime of obstructing driving and the crime of throwing objects at high altitude are new crimes recently added. In addition, the crime of dangerous driving, the crime of stealing identity cards and the crime of replacing exams have been added before, especially the crime of drunk dangerous driving has become the first crime with the largest number. In the long run, a certain number of people who need to be reintegrated into society after serving their sentences for misdemeanors have accumulated, and these people are facing many practical problems. Therefore, my idea is to explore ways to eliminate minor misdemeanor records in time on the basis of sealing them, and extend this policy to adults with minor crimes, that is, to seal their criminal records conditionally and eventually eliminate them, so as to create conditions for these people to reintegrate into society smoothly, and also to relieve the ideological burden for the affected family members behind them and maintain social harmony. This is one of the social problems that I have been paying attention to in recent years.

CCTV reporter: Private enterprises are an important part of China’s non-public economy. You suggest improving the criminal judicial protection policy for private enterprises and entrepreneurs. What are the characteristics of this policy in China? What kind of role did it play? How do you think we should continue to improve this policy?

Liu Shoumin:At the first meeting of the 13th National People’s Congress in 2018, I put forward ten suggestions on criminal justice policies to protect private enterprises and entrepreneurs. However, in recent years, the criminal justice environment in which private enterprises and entrepreneurs live has not been fundamentally improved.

On the other hand, the central government’s support policy for private enterprises is clear and consistent. The Supreme Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate have also issued judicial policy documents to protect private enterprises and private entrepreneurs for many years, but the effect is not satisfactory. Therefore, I sorted out the problems in criminal justice practice, and found that as far as criminal justice policy is concerned, there are some problems, such as insufficient attention, low rank and effectiveness of relevant regulations, inconsistent regulations of various organs, and lack of procedural guarantee of substantive policies. Therefore, it is suggested that based on the relatively systematic judicial standards issued by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate and the list of exemption and punishment piloted in various places, the organization should make unified revision and improvement and upgrade it to an executable judicial interpretation or legal provision, so as to make due judicial contributions to improving the rule of law and business environment.

CCTV reporter: Litigation costs are one of the main costs of litigation. You suggest amending the method of paying litigation fees. What are the characteristics of this method now? How do you think it should be revised?

Liu Shoumin:As one of the main litigation costs, legal fees have an important influence on the exertion of litigation functions and the establishment of judicial authority. Reasonable legal fees bring people closer to justice, otherwise justice will become a "luxury". The current method of paying legal fees was formulated by the State Council in 2006. Some rules are not easy to operate, and there are also some blind spots. The discretion of the court in dealing with legal fees is too large and not uniform everywhere.

As the legal fee system should be an important part of the litigation system, it is suggested that: (1) relevant special legislation should be made; Scientifically formulate the classification standards of litigation cases; Further clarify the sharing rules of legal fees; Refine and clarify the remedies when the parties have objections to the calculation and sharing of legal fees; Improve the financial system related to legal fees to facilitate the parties to pay and refund fees.

CCTV reporter: Many listed companies have set up independent directors. Could you please introduce what is the independent director system? How do you suggest to further improve China’s independent director system?

Liu Shoumin:Companies, especially listed companies, are important market players in China and play a great role in economic development. An independent director refers to a director who is independent of the company’s shareholders and does not work in the company, and has no important business or professional contact with the company or its managers, and makes independent judgments on the company’s affairs. The system originated in the west. In order to prevent "insiders" from controlling the company and protect the interests of minority shareholders, China has also established the independent director system and gradually improved it. It can be said that the independent director system is an important part of China’s corporate governance structure.

However, due to various reasons, China’s independent directors are generally "formalized", and there are serious problems of "vase directors" and "human directors". Recently, Kangmei Pharmaceutical Company’s class action lawsuit of securities misrepresentation ruled that independent directors should bear huge compensation liabilities of hundreds of millions of yuan, which completely exposed this problem. After research and reflection, I advocate that it is necessary to improve this system by taking the problem as the guide and learning from the experience of advanced countries. My suggestions are as follows: (1) setting up independent directors and the company’s board of supervisors reasonably and defining the division of labor; Clarify the nature and responsibilities of independent directors different from internal directors from legislation; Reform the nomination and selection mechanism of independent directors; Perfecting regulations to protect independent directors’ right to know; Reform the remuneration system of independent directors and further clarify the scope of independent directors’ diligence obligations; Establish a scientific and reasonable third-party evaluation mechanism.

CCTV reporter: Can you share your new work plans in the future?

Liu Shoumin:I am a representative and a front-line lawyer. It is my profession to provide various types of legal services to clients, so I have the conditions to timely perceive the legal needs of society, the effect of law enforcement and the public’s evaluation and expectation of judicial justice. I will continue to give full play to my professional advantages, pay attention to social hot spots, difficulties and pain points, put forward bills, suggestions and opinions on legislation, amendment of laws and promotion of judicial fairness through various platforms in time, live up to my professional duties as a lawyer and my trust as a deputy to the National People’s Congress, and make due efforts to create a good judicial and market environment.

(Liu Shoumin: Deputy to the National People’s Congress and Deputy Secretary of the Industry Party Committee of Sichuan Lawyers Association)

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