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Guangzhou’s ＂female carriages＂ are crowded with men？ Whether there is guidance or not is very different.

　　Southern Network News (all-media reporter/Li Yezhen) A few days ago, the "female carriage" in Guangzhou attracted another wave of attention.

　　Recently, some netizens said that the "female carriages" of Guangzhou Metro are all male passengers in the morning and evening rush hours, but women can’t squeeze in, but the carriages are full. The news quickly detonated the hot spot of public opinion and attracted many netizens’ onlookers and discussions.

　　Since June 28, 2017, Guangzhou Metro Company has set up a "women’s carriage" on Line 1. During the peak hours from 7: 30 to 9: 30 and from 17: 30 to 19: 30 on weekdays, passengers are encouraged to provide the carriage exclusively for women.

　　Since its implementation for some time, "female carriage" has attracted both praise and criticism.

　　Now the "female carriage" has been promoted for nearly nine months. What is the actual experience? Is it really "in name only" as some netizens said? On March 8, the reporter came to Metro Line 1 and experienced it for himself.

　　During the morning rush hour of Women’s Day, most of the "female carriages" are female passengers.

　　At 8 o’clock in the morning, the reporter came to Yangji subway station, which is the transfer station of Guangzhou Line 1 and Line 5. At the peak of work, a large number of passengers poured into the station.

　　Coming down from the escalator, in front of the platform of the women’s carriage, the reporter saw two volunteers standing on both sides with cards in their hands, and the message "Women’s carriage" was clearly written on the cards.

　　"This is a women’s car, please get on the bus in the next car." Volunteers stopped a male passenger who wanted to go to the "female carriage". After the other person nodded, he went to the next carriage to wait.

　　After the guidance of volunteers, the male passengers waiting for the bus in front of the "female carriage" in Yangji Station almost "disappeared". The reporter saw that almost all the people waiting for the bus in front of the "women’s car" platform were women, and the queue length was about half less than that in front of other platforms.

　　The reporter observed the subway going to Xilang and Guangzhou East, and found that most of the "female carriages" were female passengers, and only a few male passengers appeared alone.

　　The reporter then divided the soldiers into two ways and took the subway in both directions of Line 1. After rough statistics, the ratio between male passengers and female passengers in female carriages remained at around 1:5.

　　There are fewer people in the queue, and the carriages are not crowded. Many female passengers specially come to sit in the "female carriages". Passenger Miss Chen told us that she found that the number of queues here today was much less than usual, so she came from a distance. "It may be that on Women’s Day, men have paid more attention." Miss Chen said.

　　The situation with and without guidance is very different.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of Guangzhou Metro Company, the volunteers in the station are all internal employees or interns. Before the volunteers take up their posts, they should be trained on the standards of dress, guiding caliber, civilized language and service behavior, so as to ensure that every female coach can provide high-quality and standard services for passengers in their posts.

　　The reporter noticed that after the guidance of volunteers, many male passengers were indeed more "conscious". At the station of Nongjiaosuo, from time to time, male passengers saw volunteers guiding in front of the "female carriage" and turned to other platforms.

　　However, some people refused to leave after being guided by volunteers. In guangzhou east railway station, an old man was very dissatisfied with being reminded by volunteers, and even called "basking in the air (meaningless)". Another male passenger who was rushing to work quickly walked to the "female carriage" and was stopped by volunteers and even called "no time".

　　At 9 o’clock in the morning, after the rush hour, the volunteers on duty in gongyuanqian station also left the scene. The reporter noticed that after a few minutes, the number of male passengers waiting for the bus in front of the "female carriage" obviously increased. At this time, there is still half an hour before the end of the "female carriage".

　　Then, the reporter went to the next station, Nongjiaosuo Station, where there were still volunteers to guide, and most of the people waiting for the bus in front of the "female carriage" were still women.

　　"I didn’t know there was a female carriage before, and I didn’t notice the logo." A male passenger who walked into the "female carriage" told reporters. He said that he seldom came to take Line 1, and the pink sign of "women’s car" on the ground in front of the platform door and on the glass wall of the screen door at first thought it was an advertisement.

　　"It is very important to have volunteer guidance. After all, it is during the rush hour and there are so many people. If you don’t notice the sign, you don’t know that it is a female carriage." Passenger Miss Wang suggested that if volunteers can’t guide passengers every day, they should at least set up fixed signs in front of women’s carriages.

　　Women can squeeze into the "female carriage", but the concept still needs to be popularized.

　　As for the behavior that many male passengers enter the "female carriage" within a specified period of time, some passengers think that it is understandable for men to enter the "female carriage" after all, during the rush hour of commuting to work. "Among the 10 passengers, there will probably be four or five men. Because the female compartment is not so crowded, people who are rushing to work will enter the female compartment. " The passenger said.

　　"You don’t have to look at people with colored glasses. When you see men entering women’s carriages, you criticize them." Ms. Yao, a passenger, believes that the goal of setting up a "female carriage" has been achieved when there are more women than men in the carriage.

　　Some passengers also said that to change the situation of more male passengers in "female carriages", it is not only necessary to rely on passengers’ self-discipline, but the subway company should also make some adjustments to some settings according to the current use situation.

　　Ms. Huang, a passenger, thinks that because the position of the "female carriage" is too close to the escalators of some subway stations, many men walk straight in without looking at the signs. "This setting may be based on the convenience of women, but I think it is counterproductive." Ms. Huang said.

　　Some passengers also said that the propaganda and guidance work on women’s carriages cannot be relaxed. Many people report that the logo of the female carriage is inconspicuous, which causes many passengers to pay no attention or care. The subway company needs to continuously cultivate passengers’ travel habits through broadcasting, logo and volunteer guidance.

　　In the interview, most passengers still support the setting of female carriages. "When it is crowded or hot, it is very intimate to be able to provide more space for women." A passenger said.

　　In this case, the person in charge of Guangzhou Metro said that it will continue to evaluate the on-site operation, reasonably set up on-site guidance and publicity guidance methods, and collect opinions and suggestions from all walks of life with a positive and open attitude. Guangzhou Metro hopes to continuously carry forward the civilized concept of "caring for and respecting women" by setting up female carriages.

Future office vision： work in the fog will not disturb each other, and everyone will be equipped with a robot.

Editor’s note: Work is a big part of our life. Not only does it take up the bulk of adult life in time, but the office is also the place that most people are familiar with and spend the most time. The most common office layout now is the traditional cubicle, and the employees are relatively isolated; And the open-plan office, everyone is in the same big space. Although the traditional cubicle is boring, the interference of open office is often criticized. So, how to design an office to meet the needs of employees for independent space and cooperative atmosphere at the same time? This paper puts forward two bold ideas of designers. This article is compiled from the original article entitled "I want to work in the future" by Fast Company.

It’s the last two or three hours before work, and colleagues are busy again. You still have work to finish, so you put on headphones to keep your concentration. But it’s no use. You can still see a colleague showing off what he has learned newly, or you can hear the voice of chatting. At this moment, you can’t help thinking, if only I could work in the cubicle.

Nowadays, the most popular office layout is the open office, and some people miss the traditional cubicle. The cubicle is really boring, but at least the work can be finished. If you were to design a new type of cubicle in the 21st century, what would you do?

So we put this question to Rapt design studio, where there are many experts in office space design. They put forward two concepts that are very uncomfortable, both of which can give employees private space so that they can concentrate on their work and have room for cooperation and discussion among colleagues. I have to say, both are extreme.

Rapt Studio’s designer’s vision is:Every employee can work in an independent private space when he needs it. The key point is that each independent cubicle has four short feet, and the cubicle is moved by small warehouse robots.According to the needs of team members, the robot will move the cubicle to the target position of the day. For example, if you are busy with a lot of work today, you can be assigned an independent cubicle to help you concentrate; If your schedule today is a one-day meeting, there is no need to use private space. Your cubicle can be split and merged with other cubicles to form a larger office space where colleagues sit together. Robots can move in real time, and office space planning can also be adjusted in real time.

Now, it seems like a fantasy, but Galereau, the design director and CEO of Rapt, thinks that the speed of technological progress is much faster than we thought, and maybe this idea was realized earlier than we thought. He said that Rapt Studio has already talked with interested customers about how to rearrange the office space to meet the changing needs of the team.The key is that the office should be empty enough so that it is convenient to move.Galereau believes that many offices like open-plan offices, which is the reason (of course, the cost of open-plan offices is lower than that of traditional offices). Many companies know that employees don’t like the feeling of privacy in open-plan offices, and they are not as flexible as they think. So,The design problem of office space lies in how to meet the two needs of privacy and flexibility at the same time."From an architectural point of view, how can we design the office to be flexible and meet everyone’s needs for independent space?" Galereau said.Robots can solve this problem. Robots driven by machine learning technology can continuously learn the needs of employees, and then make the best solution to maximize the overall efficiency of the office.

At work, employees are eager for private space and need a cooperative atmosphere. For such office needs, Rapt Studio put forward a second novel idea. “If we can create a non-toxic fog as a barrier between personal spaces, we can create a light-and sound-proof private space.What he and his team envisioned was to let the fog pervade the whole office space, and put a fan-like device in the corner where employees work to "blow open" a space. In this way, everyone works in an independent bubble in the foggy office without disturbing each other. Galereau called it a "privacy hole".

Everyone’s bubble moves with them, so that they can walk anywhere in the office without obstacles. If you want to meet and discuss with your colleagues, they just need to come to the appointed place, and the two bubbles will be integrated into one big bubble, and mutual communication will not affect others.

This concept sounds crazy at first glance, but the designers of Rapt Studio obviously want to completely forget the design concept of the existing office space. After all, for people who hate open-plan offices, fog is still attractive if they are disturbed by the voice of colleagues talking on the phone and have to choose between them.

The traditional cubicle has become a boring and rigid symbol in our concept, but these two ideas of Rapt Studio are very unique. Are you asking me if it’s practical? It may not be very practical. But the purpose of planning this activity is to make people realize that employees need both independent space and social space when they are working. For Gallero, the design of future office space needs both needs. "There are many ways to communicate between people. We are all eager to communicate with others … but what we need is more meaningful and quality communication and meaningful solitude time. " Galereau said.

Produced by the compilation team. Editor: Hao Pengcheng

For the safety of people’s lives and property —— On-the-spot record of earthquake relief in Jiuzhaigou earthquake with magnitude 7.0


　　At 21: 19 on August 8, an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province (33.2 degrees north latitude and 103.82 degrees east longitude) with a focal depth of 20 kilometers. As of press time, after preliminary verification, the earthquake has killed 19 people and injured 247 people, including 40 seriously.

　　Life is the number, and disaster is the order.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council are concerned about the people in the disaster areas. The central departments and the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and Government acted quickly and commanded scientifically, and the local people and tourists helped each other and jointly launched an emergency relief operation.

　　Race against time, the disaster is the order.

　　On the evening of the 8 th, the night deepened. A piece of news from Jiuzhaigou, a paradise on earth, is extremely worrying: a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred in Jiuzhaigou County!

　　The disaster immediately affected Zhongnanhai-

　　地震发生后，中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席最高领袖高度重视，立即作出重要指示，要求抓紧了解核实九寨沟7．0级地震灾情，迅速组织力量救灾，全力以赴抢救伤员，疏散安置好游客和受灾群众，最大限度减少人员伤亡。目前正值主汛期，又处旅游旺季，要进一步加强气象预警和地质监测，密切防范各类灾害，切实做好抗灾救灾工作，尽最大努力保障人民群众生命财产安全。

　　中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理李克强作出批示，要求抓紧核实灾情，全力组织抢险救援，最大程度减少人员伤亡，妥善转移安置受灾群众。加强震情监测，防范次生灾害。

　　灾情就是命令！

　　国务院派出由国家减灾委、国务院抗震救灾指挥部组成的工作组赶赴现场指导抗震救灾工作。四川省委省政府主要负责同志赶赴现场组织指挥救援工作。

　　中央各有关单位紧急行动起来，争分夺秒地投入各项抗震救灾工作。

　　——抢通灾区生命通道。

　　此次地震地处西南山区，地质情况复杂，山体崩裂、落石垮塌极易导致交通中断，影响各方救援力量进入。

　　地震发生后，交通运输部紧急启动二级应急响应，指导地方交通部门抢通简易便道，多个路段为配合抢险救援实行交通管制，保证救援力量进得去、被困群众出得来。

　　Chengdu Railway Bureau and Xi ‘an Railway Bureau stopped some passenger trains urgently, and quickly carried out emergency treatment work. Professionals such as public works, power supply and electricity services made every effort to check the lines and equipment to ensure the absolute safety of passenger trains and resume train operation as soon as possible.

　　The Civil Aviation Administration launched an emergency plan, cooperated with local governments to organize civil aviation to carry out various rescue work, and focused on emergency evacuation of passengers in disaster areas.

　　China Meteorological Bureau strengthened the monitoring, forecasting and early warning of meteorological disasters in earthquake areas, encrypted the frequency of monitoring and consultation, and focused on strengthening the monitoring and forecasting of meteorological disasters such as local sudden heavy precipitation and lightning, which may adversely affect rescue work.

　　-Invest in the rescue team.

　　People-oriented, life first. After the earthquake, in order to seize the 72-hour golden rescue period, the relevant departments and units of the central government sent rescue commandos to the earthquake area one after another, giving priority to saving lives, even if there is only a glimmer of hope, they should make 100% efforts.

　　The National Disaster Reduction Committee and the Ministry of Civil Affairs launched the national level III emergency response in the early morning of the 9th, and the Seismological Bureau of China launched the level II emergency response, and sent a field team to the earthquake area to carry out emergency response.

　　The National Health and Family Planning Commission guides local governments to rescue and treat quickly, and tries their best to reduce casualties. At the same time, it makes good preparations for the rescue of the national health emergency team and provides timely assistance as needed.

　　The armed police and public security fire brigade responded quickly and assembled quickly. The local fire brigade immediately put into rescue, and the reinforcements marched and rescued. More than 2,000 people and hundreds of sets of machinery and equipment fought in the front line of rescue.

　　The people’s army charged ahead. The Western Theater Coalition refers to the dispatch of Army, Air Force, Sichuan Military Region, Xining Joint Protection Center and other services and arms to carry out rescue overnight. By 18: 00 on the 9th, the western theater had dispatched 1,285 troops, 90 vehicles of various types and 9 aircraft of various types.

　　The National Earthquake Disaster Emergency Rescue Team, composed of a brigade of the 82nd Army of the Army in the Central Theater, the Armed Police General Hospital and the Seismological Bureau of China, dispatched 80 members, took five search and rescue dogs, two rescue equipment, and 378 rescue equipment in eight categories including life detectors, jacking and demolition equipment, and flew to the disaster area by two air force transport planes on the evening of the 9th.

　　-ensuring the lives of the people after the disaster.

　　The National Development and Reform Commission urgently arranged for Sichuan Province to invest 60 million yuan in the central budget of disaster relief emergency subsidy for the restoration and construction of infrastructure and public welfare facilities in disaster areas.

　　In order to ensure the normal life of the people after the disaster, the Red Cross Society of China urgently allocated 1,000 family bags, 2,000 beds of quilts and 200 tents from Meishan Warehouse of Chengdu Disaster Preparedness and Relief Center.

　　The Ministry of Commerce guides local commercial authorities to actively control basic relief materials such as food and drinking water, organizes some commercial circulation enterprises to supplement the supply of goods, and increases the supply of some daily necessities to ensure the supply and guarantee of materials for several large supermarkets in the region.

　　The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development organized a team of 25 building earthquake emergency experts to provide technical support for the emergency assessment of housing safety after the earthquake in the disaster area, and at the same time strengthen emergency duty and closely track the disaster situation.

　　The Ministry of Agriculture focused on the harmless treatment of dead animals, environmental disinfection and emergency immunization, strengthened epidemic monitoring, strengthened quarantine supervision, and carried out animal epidemic prevention work in an orderly manner after disasters …

　　United as one, March towards the earthquake zone.

　　When the earthquake occurred, the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway Project Department of China Railway Second Bureau, which is only 60 kilometers away from Jiuzhaigou County, felt a strong earthquake. Chen Guihu, the project manager who has experienced many rescue missions, immediately ordered a rescue mobilization meeting and set up an earthquake relief team. At the same time, he volunteered for disaster relief and contacted the local government as soon as possible.

　　Just over an hour later, a rescue team consisting of more than 50 people, 4 excavators, 4 loaders, 4 muckers and 2 trailers was set up and left for the earthquake-stricken area overnight. At 2: 10 am on the 9th, the rescue team arrived at the epicenter to carry out rescue work, and a victim was searched at 3: 10.

　　Electricity, transportation, communication, energy … these are the basis for the rescue operation and the normal life of the people in the disaster area-

　　The earthquake caused many substations and lines, including the 110kV Jiuzhaigou Substation (Ganhaizi) in Aba Power Grid, to be shut down, and more than 1,900 households in Huanglong Township were blacked out. After emergency repair, at present, more than ten 10 kV lines in Jiuzhaigou County and Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area have resumed power supply. At the same time, the electric rescue team has arrived at the 110kV Jiuzhaigou Substation (Ganhaizi) for emergency repair. The local area is restoring local power supply by repairing damaged substations and temporary power supply.

　　China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom and China Tower provide services such as non-stop, toll-free telephone and hotline for finding relatives. At present, the communication in Jiuzhaigou Valley has basically resumed, and the fixed-line, broadband and wireless networks in the scenic area are basically smooth, and the communication in the field of earthquake relief dispatching and command is smooth.

　　All China Petrochemical gas stations along Jiuzhaigou have opened green channels, and the nearest gas station is in normal operation, with more than 260 tons of various oil products in stock and sufficient refined oil and non-oil materials. China Petroleum’s 11 gas stations in earthquake-stricken areas have more than 500 tons of various oil products in stock, which can meet the disaster relief supply for more than two days, and more than 300 tons of oil products will be delivered to the disaster area soon.

　　In addition, within 2 hours of the disaster, many insurance companies such as Taiping Life Insurance, China Ping An and New China Life Insurance launched earthquake emergency plans: on the one hand, they accepted reports through 24-hour earthquake claims lines and the Internet; On the other hand, it simplifies the application procedures for claims, and most insurance companies make claims without policies.

　　Air China, China Eastern Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, Chengdu Airlines, Hainan Airlines and other aviation enterprises started the emergency support mechanism, actively adjusted the capacity, and ensured the smooth transportation of disaster relief personnel and materials. At the same time, pay close attention to the dynamics of the disaster area, carry out rescue and overtime flights at any time as needed, ensure the normal implementation of the flight plan, and provide free return and change services for passengers who have recently traveled to Jiuzhaigou. Navigation enterprises such as Sichuan Hump, Xilin Fengteng and Xiangyun Navigation also launched emergency rescue and dispatched rescue planes to the disaster area in a unified manner.

　　Watch each other and help each other, highlighting "China’s power"

　　China, which has experienced the test of major disasters such as Wenchuan Earthquake, has formed a set of rapid and effective mechanisms to deal with major disasters, which has provided a strong guarantee for the rescue of Jiuzhaigou earthquake.

　　The orderly and powerful earthquake relief shows the growing "Chinese power".

　　"We set out from Mianyang at 0: 45 on the 9th. More than 110 people didn’t sleep a wink all night, and we did four things, to understand the disaster situation, clear roads, coordinate traffic, and clear obstacles." Xu Jinyu, deputy commander of Mianyang Military Division, said.

　　On the night of the earthquake, in addition to the local indigenous residents, nearly 60 thousand tourists gathered in the narrow strip of Jiuzhaigou.

　　Liu Zuoming, secretary of the State Party Committee of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, said that less than 24 hours after the earthquake, Jiuzhaigou has transferred more than 8,000 tourist vehicles from the county and basically completed the evacuation and transfer of all tourists and migrant workers. The relevant departments are still racing against time to check the remaining tourists, so that they should turn around.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters set off from Chengdu at 22: 00 on the 8th, passing through Mianyang, Jiangyou, Pingwu and other places, and it took nearly 9 hours to reach Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area.

　　The reporter saw at the entrance of Jiuzhaigou scenic spot that some walls cracked, but no buildings collapsed, and most restaurants and supermarkets in the scenic spot had closed down.

　　A young armed police soldier who is helping to transport the wounded in Jiuzhaigou County People’s Hospital told reporters: "We are the armed police stationed in Jiuzhaigou County. We started transporting the wounded at 12 o’clock last night, and most of the wounded were pulled from Mizoguchi."

　　Bo Rui, a 38-year-old tourist from Liaoning, said that she was in a hotel near the scenic spot when the earthquake struck, and everyone rushed to a nearby Little Square. At that time, it was still in the aftershocks. The medical staff divided the wounded into three categories: serious injuries, children and minor injuries. The scene was very orderly. The serious injuries were transported away first, and then the children.

　　The reporter saw that the "Jiuzhaigou Earthquake Relief Headquarters" composed of local government, firefighting, armed police and militia was built in the square outside the visitor center, and disaster relief tents were built one after another. Some people charge their mobile phones at emergency service points set up by mobile companies and call their families to report their safety.

　　The reporter saw an 18-year-old French teenager and a Canadian woman being treated in the county hospital because they were injured in the earthquake. The female companion of injured tourists in Canada said: "We got very good treatment, thanks to the timely assistance of medical staff."

　　Initially, several foreign citizens who suffered minor injuries in Jiuzhaigou earthquake have been sent to local hospitals for treatment. China has informed relevant countries.

　　Jiuzhaigou County has organized nearly 1,000 people, including police, armed police and militia, to go to villages and households to carry out carpet search and rescue and investigate dangerous situations.

　　Night arrival, the rescue is still going on in an orderly and tense way …

　　

Explore a new variety mode, and ＂Hundred Rivers Variety Season＂ ＂Let everyone have a variety show＂

Looking at the whole generation and exploring new possibilities, the "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" is scheduled for 812, and there are 6 sub-programs that you like.

Recently, Tik Tok’s 2022 blockbuster variety show "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" was announced to be finalized. On August 12th, this brand-new program jointly created by six famous domestic production teams finally entered the countdown stage. On August 9th, Tik Tok Platform held an early adopter’s viewing conference of "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" and "All You Like" before the broadcast of the program. All the masters were present to talk about their stories related to "Hundred Rivers Variety Season". With the broadcast of the early adopter’s version of the program, this highly exploratory and pioneering variety show also unveiled its mystery for the first time.

Explore a new variety mode, and "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" "Let everyone have a variety show"

Explore the new variety mode "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" and "Let everyone have variety shows"

On August 9th, "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" held a "All You Like" early adopter film meeting, where the six creative teams and representatives of the main creative teams got together for the first time to share the origin and gathering process of "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" with the media in all directions.

At the film viewing meeting, Song Binghua, head of Tik Tok Variety Show, gave an all-round introduction to the novel program mode of Hundred Rivers Variety Show: Hundred Rivers Variety Show gathered more than 20 top producers in China, and after sampling nearly 100 creative themes, six high-quality themes were finally selected, which were created by six well-known variety content teams. The program spans the diverse groups of old, middle-aged and young people, and the characteristic content tailored for different groups will also cover multiple expression dimensions such as sound, film and interest in the form of presentation, aiming at presenting diverse works for the broad audience.

This "Hundred Rivers Variety Season", which can accommodate up to six sub-programs, will show the audience its new breakthroughs in different themes and content fields by playing one program every two episodes. In the end, the public judgment is used as a yardstick to evaluate the real "public explosion".

In addition to talking about the creation story of "Hundred Rivers Variety Season", the six creative representatives present at the scene deeply shared their own creation contents.

Explore a new variety mode, and "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" "Let everyone have a variety show"

Special cultural variety "Hundred Rivers Civilization Tactics" for competitive guessing games

"Hundred Rivers of Civilization", which was created by Guan Zhengwen’s team of "Chinese Character Dictation Conference" and "Seeing Words as Face", became the first variety in the form of a special competitive word guessing game. Different from traditional cultural variety shows, the program combines word guessing games with sci-fi themes, injecting an independent world view into the program. Taking the drama conflict of interstellar civilization as the sci-fi story line, all the people in the program are dramatists, and the victory or defeat of the competition turns into the ups and downs of the plot, bringing a brand-new and relaxed viewing experience to the audience who love traditional culture.

When talking about the creative breakthrough of the program, Director Guan Zhengwen directly expressed his desire to bring more happiness to everyone: "Now the external environment can be said that life is not easy, and I hope to make a contrast. The laughter of the audience is my greatest comfort, and it is my original intention to bring laughter to everyone. "

Create a multi-scene immersive game and decompress the variety "Hundred Rivers Can Funny Town"

Has created "this! The Simon Lu team of Street Dance focused their attention on the emotional pressure and predicament of the current society. In the program, the resident guests and happy amateurs jointly build a funny town, and jointly customize the "decompression scheme" for the "Yali" stars who are in a certain life anxiety or emo mood and come to the funny town to participate in the anti-Yali pear plan, and recommend various decompression tricks. Accompany the guests who come to visit and feel the decompression journey.

Talking about the choice of the theme of the program, Simon Lu, the general director of the program, said frankly: I always think that at least one function of variety shows is to give everyone some space to release pressure or emotions at some time. A hundred rivers can amuse the town is the Peach Blossom Garden in my mind, because it is an emotional relief for the fisherman to come out and return to his normal life after he enters the Peach Blossom Garden.

Social variety for the elderly "Hundred Rivers Old Friends"

"What should a variety show focusing on the socialization of the elderly do to look good?" "Hundred Rivers Old Friends" may give the answer through its brand-new perspective and expression. It not only set up intergenerational observers with multi-dimensional observation perspectives, but also explored the special settings for children to accompany their parents to socialize. It shows the understanding of Chinese intergenerational relations from many angles, and through the creation of warm social scenes, the present elderly people can put down their worries and devote themselves to a warm journey of getting to know each other again.

When talking about the idea of the topic selection of the program, Wang Zhiyi and Zhou Jun expressed their happiness at the opportunity to shoot the theme in their hearts: "This is a social pain point and a big social phenomenon. Old people, they need programs to watch. At the beginning, when we were creative about this program, the problem was that the programs of the elderly were difficult to be concerned by the commercial market, but fortunately, we were able to complete this idea when we met the Hundred Rivers Variety Season. "

Large-scale two-way intergenerational experimental observation music variety "Hundred Rivers Music Time and Space"

The combination of intergenerational collision and music has become the biggest highlight of Hundred Rivers Music Time and Space: after classical singers talk to new listeners, new generation singers talk to elders, singers hide their identities, chat and sing one-on-one with the next generation amateurs, and record the real reaction of the next generation amateurs after hearing the songs. In addition to the chemical collision of intergenerational music aesthetics, the program also defines mining high-quality golden songs that meet the aesthetics of two generations of listeners as one of its important tasks.

Director Wu Qunda pointed out the origin of the program with three "soul tortures": the first question, is there a kind of music that can travel through time and space? So this program is called "Hundred Rivers Music Time and Space"-100 kinds of music that travel through time and space. The second question is, is there an emotion that can connect generations? Then the third question is, is there anything that can give us constant strength and comfort in such a changing era?

Large-scale university group competition music variety "Hundred Rivers University Sound"

"You can hear the melody related to youth here." The Voice of Hundred Rivers Colleges and Universities focuses on college students, expresses it with the most youthful group images, and opens a new way to open the sound synthesizer.

The program breaks the "tutor+college" mode inherent in the conventional sound synthesis, focusing on the natural relationship between the younger generation of the school. Six seniors and sisters who are famous or well-known in the Chinese music scene return to their alma mater to find capable college students and lead their younger brothers and sisters to form a team to launch an inter-school hegemony.

Talking about the creative breakthrough of the program, Director Chen Gang said: "We hope to bring the students on campus their blood, enthusiasm, upward and positive faces to you, so that everyone feels that they are still alive. Please keep confidence in them."

Musical sitcom variety Rhapsody of a Hundred Rivers

Rhapsody of Hundred Rivers, which focuses on sitcoms, brings together famous domestic musicians, and is supplemented by variety talk shows to create a "comprehensive drama", brings a "fantasy experience" to everyone present. According to each musician’s vision of his own life, the program is tailored by a professional team of screenwriters and directors to create an exclusive ideal scene for the artists, so as to realize everyone’s "crazy life" and let each audience have an immersive "drama-chasing" experience.

At the film meeting, director Hu Ming explained the wonderful origin of this program: "When we plan the program, we will have some interesting discoveries. Everyone has an idea or imagination different from real life. Now we are facing many difficulties, but our thoughts are actually unable to be bound, and we can wander to achieve some other freedom. From my point of view, I actually want to make such an expression that is unrestrained and then very fantastic and interesting. "

Explore a new variety mode, and "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" "Let everyone have a variety show"

Explorers of Variety Creation Create a brand-new variety mode and bid farewell to the era of "betting"

On August 9th, at the media viewing meeting of Hundred Rivers Variety Season, a special edition called "Informal Confessions: Youth Past of Variety" evoked many memories of China Variety by the media and guests present. At the same time, it also shows Tik Tok’s initial intention and determination to deepen the variety field. As Tik Tok’s annual plan, Hundred Rivers Variety Season has a very pioneering and bold innovation in both program form and content creation.

Explore a new variety mode, and "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" "Let everyone have a variety show"

Talking about the original intention of the program, Song Binghua, head of Tik Tok Variety Show, said:

"The current variety content creators are divided into three dimensions: content creators, content managers, and content operators. People at the three levels have different perspectives on the whole industry. Among them, as a platform content manager, we should know how to create an environment conducive to the release of creativity by content creators, and look at the development of the whole industry from the perspective of content operators. And "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" is the product of the combination of these three dimensions.

At this critical time node about variety, the three creators need to have different thinking dimensions. Content, stars and venues are not the most important. If we make good use of the ability of platform content managers and protect the creativity and innovation of creators, it is the core value of the content industry.

When we put forward the demand of "truth, goodness and beauty, family fun", we need to find a method or model that both industry and capital agree with. And through this model, we have found a balance among capital, market and innovation. This methodology is not new. There is a pilot season or Test Screening overseas. However, it is the first time for such a large-scale, systematic and scientific experiment "Hundred Rivers Variety Season". "

Explore a new variety mode, and "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" "Let everyone have a variety show"

Relying on the 600 million-day active users of Tik Tok platform, Hundred Rivers Variety Season will explore a brand-new variety mode with its in-depth insight into the variety creation business and users, and provide more new ideas for the creation of domestic variety show content in the future.

The traditional variety test in the market usually relies on making samples to evaluate whether the program has production value and communication value. The fixed viewing environment is far from the user’s viewing habits, and it is difficult for users to accurately predict the actual broadcast effect by subjective scoring.

"Hundred Rivers Variety Season" will collect the most authentic and reliable feedback data from users on the basis of sample production mode, relying on the natural inspection of Tik Tok traffic pool, and the data verification system based on bytes will avoid personal subjective judgment to the greatest extent and decipher the password for making explosive content.

When talking about his understanding of the explosion, Song Binghua, the head of Tik Tok Variety, made the following analysis:

"Explosion" is a variable in different periods and platforms, and there is no absolute value. On the whole, within half a year, one or two projects with the broadcast volume and sound volume in the whole network are at the top, which can be called explosions. We know that in the past few years, hundreds of programs may be born every six months, so explosions must be scarce.

For "Hundred Rivers", I think it is reasonable to have 0-2 explosions. However, the probability of zero occurrence is the largest. This can’t be helped, this is what statistics tell us.

However, compared with the previous Somebody decision-making method in which one person or a group of people made a decision on a project, the probability of explosion in Baichuan’s model must be higher.

Explore a new variety mode, and "Hundred Rivers Variety Season" "Let everyone have a variety show"

"Hundred Rivers Variety Season" was produced by Tik Tok, jointly produced by Beijing Satellite TV, Henan Satellite TV and Jiangsu Satellite TV, with the exclusive title of Little Luban Children’s Milk Powder in Junlebao and co-sponsored by Nippon. The first variety of the program, Hundred Rivers Civilization, will be launched in Tik Tok at 12: 00 on Friday, August 12th. With the broadcast of the program, more fresh and interesting content will log on to Tik Tok platform at 12: 00 every Friday, and will be launched on Beijing Satellite TV, Henan Satellite TV, Jiangsu Satellite TV, Watermelon Video, Fresh Time TV, Today Headline, Tik Tok Volcano Edition, Tik Tok Extreme Edition and other major platforms.

Don’t pay the final payment yet! The court reminds you!

It is the annual "Double Eleven" again.

The unavoidable "full reduction", "big promotion" and "pre-sale"

Various marketing methods, Qi Fei

Full of rushing.

Pits that can’t be avoided.

Don’t worry, Xiaobian will send you a gift package.

It’s not too late to finish reading the order ~

01

The deposit is not a deposit, so be careful when placing an order.

"Double Eleven" orders are huge.

Pre-sale rules are complicated

A little carelessness may make you "dizzy"

for example

What’s the difference between deposit and deposit?

If you don’t know.

Just cover your wallet first and don’t pay in a hurry.

Let’s look down together!

Legal tip: In daily transactions, the words "deposit" and "deposit" are widely used, but they are completely different in nature. "Deposit" has the nature of guaranteeing the performance of the contract, but "deposit" is just a idiom, not a legal concept.

Give an example

"chestnut"

You want to buy a 1000 yuan oven to bake chestnuts in autumn, but the merchant has no stock, so you need to pay a sum of money, and the merchant will help you keep the goods.

Scenario 1. If you and the merchant agree to pay a deposit, then the deposit can’t exceed 200 yuan at most (20% of the contract target amount is the upper limit of the deposit).

Scenario 2. If you go back on your word and say you don’t want the oven after paying the deposit, then the penalty of deposit applies, and you have no right to claim the return of 200 yuan’s deposit from the merchant.

Scenario 3. If the merchant repents after receiving the deposit and wants to sell it to a third person at a higher price, then the penalty of deposit applies, and the merchant should return you double the deposit, that is, 400 yuan.

02

During the peak period of express delivery, the responsibility needs to be cleared.

Because of the particularity of online shopping

It will definitely involve the transportation link of the courier company.

Then, if the courier is damaged in transit,

Who should bear the responsibility?

Legal tip: the seller sends the goods to the delivery place agreed by both parties through the courier company. Before the buyer signs for it, the seller has not completed the delivery, and at this time, the seller still bears the risk of damage to the courier.

Give an example

"chestnut"

On the second day after ordering the oven, the merchant will send your oven by express delivery. But unfortunately, when you got the oven, you found that your oven was out of order and could not be used.

Scenario 1. If you find that the oven is out of order when you sign for it, the oven is either damaged in transit or has quality problems. In a word, you don’t have to bear the responsibility of oven damage.

Scenario 2: If the oven is sent to the work unit and you sign for it, the oven will be damaged due to the bump of the vehicle on your way home. Then, on the premise that there is no quality problem in the oven itself, the responsibility should be borne by you.

03

Seven days without reason ≠ seven days without conditions.

Seven days no reason to return

The rights and interests of consumers are guaranteed to the greatest extent.

It is also conducive to the development of e-commerce

But what needs to be clear is that

"No reason" does not mean "unconditional"

Legal tip: Not all goods are subject to the seven-day unreasonable return rule. The seven-day unreasonable return rule does not apply to goods classified as fresh and perishable. At the same time, "should be in good condition" is the prerequisite for returning goods for seven days without reason.

Give an example

"chestnut"

After solving the courier storm, you received a brand-new oven, but during this period, your love for this oven also decreased, and the idea of returning goods quietly arose.

Scenario 1. If the oven has a complete trademark and can be used normally, if you apply for a return within seven days after signing for it, the merchant should return it.

Scenario 2. If you buy seafood (fresh and perishable) instead of oven today, you have the idea of returning it after signing for it. At this time, you can’t return the goods on the grounds that there is no reason for seven days.

Tips

Whether it is "Double Eleven" or daily consumption and shopping, everyone needs to think more and consume rationally. Learn more about relevant legal knowledge and avoid unnecessary disputes ~

Comprehensive sources: China PUFA, Zhejiang Tianping, Luoyang Intermediate People’s Court, etc.

Tips

Since WeChat has revised the push rules, readers need to leave messages or click "Looking" and "Like" frequently, otherwise they will gradually lose the push! If you still want to see our tweets every day, please add "Lingbao Court" as a star or click "Watching" and "Like" at the bottom of the page after each reading. Thank you.

Original title: "Don’t be busy paying the final payment! The court reminds you! 》

Read the original text

Defender of Longwang Temple in Wuhan： 4 life and death cards in 23 years.

　　The Longwangmiao levee in Wuhan is located at the confluence of the Yangtze River and its largest tributary, the Han River. The oncoming waves are two huge streams, and behind the levee is the core area of Hankou, which is prosperous for a hundred years and densely populated. Jianghan Road Pedestrian Street and Hanzheng Street Commodity Market, which are familiar to Chinese people, are just a stone’s throw from Longwang Temple.

　　Ping Li, secretary of Jianghan District Water Supervision Brigade, said that there were four life and death signs on Longwangmiao levee, in 1996, 1998, 1999 and 2016 respectively. Except in 1998, when he went to the flood control engineering team, he signed his name three times. "The pledge of life and death to live and die with the levee is a concrete and visual embodiment of our responsibility to defend the levee and prevent floods, and it is also our initial heart and mission." Ping Li said.

　　52-year-old Hang Jianquan is the person in charge of flood control at Dakouxiang Wharf where Longwang Temple is located. Three years ago, on July 6, 2016, the water level in Longwangmiao section once reached 28.37 meters, exceeding the warning water level of 1.07 meters. Without crossing the Zhenshui stone tablet and the bottom plate of the flood control gate in front of Longwangmiao, the Longwangmiao closed the gate, and Hang Jianquan signed his name on the life and death card for the first time.

　　Get up every two hours to check the water situation.

　　On the day of the interview, it happened that Hang Jianquan was on duty. At that time, the river water exceeded the fortified water level of 25 meters, so Wuhan still started the four-level emergency response to flood control and patrolled the dike to check the danger as required. When on duty, Hang Jianquan should stay in the duty room beside the embankment outside Longwang Temple for 24 hours, check the water situation every two hours, no matter day or night, and report it in time.

　　The duty room is a two-story building outside the levee. In the window on the first floor, there are still two life and death cards. Hang Jianquan said that the life-and-death card in 1998 was a replica, and the real thing has been collected by the museum in Beijing, while the life-and-death card in 2016 was the original, and Hang Jianquan’s name was impressively listed. On the two life and death cards after 18 years, there is an oath — — "swear to live and die with the levee"; The names of Tang Renqing and Li Jianqiang are also listed as life and death cards.

　　Set up a life-and-death card in every crisis

　　"In fact, the Dragon King Temple’s life and death card was there as early as 1996." Ping Li, with gray hair, told reporters that in 1992, he transferred from the army to the Engineering Management Section of Jianghan District Flood Control Headquarters Office at that time, and later served as the deputy director of Jianghan District Dike Management Office. After the institutional reform, Ping Li joined the Jianghan District Water Administration Supervision Brigade, and has served as the brigade secretary since 2002.

　　Ping Li said that in 1996, floods broke out in the Yangtze River and the Han River, and the Longwang Temple, where the two rivers meet, was the key point to take precautions. Ping Li and many flood fighting and emergency workers struggled in the front line, and then Wuhan Mayor Zhao Baojiang personally visited the front line. "I was at the gate of Longwang Temple. After the mayor came, he repeatedly emphasized the importance of Longwang Temple. I was under the impression that he also said ‘ You must guard the Dragon King Temple, if you don’t guard it well, you will lose your head ’ . So we set up a life and death card, and party member cadres took the lead in signing and vowed to live and die with the levee. " In 1998, the highest water level of Longwang Temple reached 29.43 meters, and the manhole cover on the road outside the river kept pumping yellow water. In 1999, the highest water level was 28.89 meters, and in 2016, the highest water level was 28.37 meters. When the life and death cards were set up twice before the Longwangmiao gate, Li Ping personally participated in the inspection of the dike and signed the life and death cards.

　　From Yangtze River rapids to tourist attractions

　　"Now the Longwang Temple has changed from the previous dangerous beach to today’s tourist attractions and patriotic education bases. After rectification, the dam is much stronger than before, but as flood control workers, we can’t guarantee tickets at any time. " Ping Li introduced that after the flood receded in 1998, the CPC Central Committee was far-sighted and invested heavily to start the comprehensive improvement project of the dangerous section of Longwangmiao. For the dangerous section of Longwangmiao with a total length of 1,080 meters, according to the principle of "widening the gate, improving the river regime, strengthening the danger, and comprehensive management", the South Bank Mouth (the right bank of the Han River entering the Yangtze River estuary) was widened, the Hankou revetment was reinforced, and hinge sinking and impervious wall construction were implemented, so that

　　In 2000, Longwang Temple Scenic Area was completed, and citizens can see the grand scenery when the Han River and the Yangtze River meet through the Longwang Temple Gate. Hang Jianquan said that before the regulation of the Han River, it was wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, so when the Han River merged into the Yangtze River, the water flow speed would become very fast, and the embankment would be hit hard. "In the past, when the Han River merged into the Yangtze River, there was even a drop of 1 meter. Now, after we diverted the Yangtze River to the Han River and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, such a drop could not be seen, and the impact on the embankment was also small."

　　Pass on the spirit of fighting floods to young people

　　Ping Li introduced that Li Jianqiang is 60 years old and will retire soon; As the captain of Jianghan District Water Administration Supervision Brigade, Tang Renqing has always played the role of "mentoring" in the team.

　　Ping Li said that in April, 2016, Jianghan District Water Supervision Brigade publicly recruited 10 auxiliary law enforcement officers, and Tang Renqing personally worked out the topic, took an on-the-spot examination of the candidates, and finally recruited 10 young people. "Captain Tang attached great importance to the cultivation of these young people and conducted professional training. Just after the training that year, when there was a flood at the end of June and early July, he pushed the backbone of the new recruits to the front line of flood control. The 10 new comrades all participated in the dike patrol under the guidance of the Tang team. The Tang team has provided many experiences to young people, such as how to maintain physical strength in hot summer days, how to patrol dikes, how to look at water conditions, how to record relevant information, make comparisons and so on. When the water level was high, he also led the team members to look for danger along the flood control wall. He took his new comrades down to the waist-deep river, took a bamboo pole to explore the road and taught young people to take notes. " Ping Li said that the life-and-death card is a cultural heritage of the Water Corps, and it is also a heritage of the spirit of fighting floods and glorious history. "A life and death card reflects our initial intention and mission."

　　Text, map/Guangzhou Daily, all-media reporter Wuwei (except signature)

Deciphering the Revision of Xinhua Dictionary： Adding new words and new meanings to guide the use of words.

The pictures of Xinhua Dictionary are provided by the Commercial Press.

The joyful scene when the students received Xinhua Dictionary. Image courtesy of the Commercial Press.

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　　[The editor said]

　　editorial comment/note

　　Xinhua Dictionary is the most influential modern Chinese dictionary in New China. Xinhua Dictionary has been compiled and published since 1950. It has been 70 years since it was published in the 12th edition.

　　As a small Chinese reference book, it provides the most useful information of word form, sound and meaning in a small space, which is deeply loved by readers and has become a mentor and friend for hundreds of millions of people to read and learn culture. During the National Day, Bright Reading was specially planned — — The special edition on the revision of Xinhua Dictionary and the cultural development of new China shows the new achievements of socialist construction and the country’s civilization and progress with a small dictionary through the personal stories of the revisers and users of Xinhua Dictionary.

　　Xinhua Dictionary is not only the most familiar and beloved language reference book for generations of people in New China, but also one of the most iconic cultural and educational products at the beginning of the founding of New China. The compilation of Xinhua Dictionary marks the arrival of a brand-new era of unprecedented educational development and cultural popularization in China’s 5,000-year history. The publication of the 12th edition is a full demonstration of the original intention of Xinhua Dictionary to inherit the tradition, keep pace with the times and serve the Chinese people in the new era.

New China’s iconic cultural products

　　The word "Xinhua" in "Xinhua Dictionary" truly reflects its similarity with the new China — — The close ties between New China. At the beginning of the founding of New China, everything needs to be done. The national economy should be restored, national education should be popularized, and the culture of cadres and masses should be improved. A useful, applicable and authoritative dictionary that can meet the basic needs of Chinese people in learning culture and reading and writing has become an urgent and long-term need of the country and society. A famous writer and educator, Mr. Ye Shengtao, then deputy director of the General Administration of Publication of the Central People’s Government and director of the Editorial Bureau, was anxious about the urgency of the country and thought of the people, and promptly initiated the establishment of Xinhua Dictionary Society in August 1950. It has been 70 years since then, thus starting the compilation of Xinhua Dictionary, and entrusted the famous linguist Mr. Wei Jiangong to preside over the compilation, and Mr. Ye personally took the position of dictionary examination and approval. Through the efforts of Qi Xin, the chief editor and editors, Xinhua Dictionary was officially published in December 1953. As soon as Xinhua Dictionary was published, it won the love of teachers, students and hundreds of millions of people because of its high quality, convenience and ease of use. It became a mentor, friend and even lifelong companion for the masses to read, read and learn culture, and soon became the most authoritative small-scale Chinese dictionary in the eyes of all walks of life. It was also repeatedly given to foreign leaders, overseas cultural and educational institutions or rural students’ families when visiting in China as a precious gift by national leaders. 2019 "Large-scale Achievement Exhibition to Celebrate the 70th Anniversary of the Founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC)"Xinhua Dictionary counter was set up, which was filled with various editions of Xinhua Dictionary published over the years, and established its status as a symbolic cultural product of New China.

　　In 1956, the state merged the Xinhua Dictionary Society into the Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Sciences (now the Academy of Social Sciences). As a result, the compilation and revision of Xinhua Dictionary fell on the shoulders of the Institute of Linguistics, and the publishing task of the dictionary was also transferred to the Commercial Press, thus starting the cooperative relationship between the Institute of Linguistics and the Commercial Press in the compilation and publication of dictionaries for more than 60 years. Both sides worked together to maintain and continuously improve the academic quality and social influence of Xinhua Dictionary.

Lean, lean, keep pace with the times.

　　The life of dictionaries is being revised with the times. The periodical revision of dictionaries, on the one hand, is in response to the development and changes of the language itself brought about by the development and progress of the times, and on the other hand, it relies on the new achievements of academic research to continuously improve the quality of compilation, which is scientific, normative and practical, so that small dictionaries can keep improving, keep up with the times and never end, so that teachers, students and people from all walks of life can have an updated dictionary and a better dictionary in their hands and desks. Xinhua Dictionary has been revised and ushered in today’s 12th edition.

　　The revision of Xinhua Dictionary has always been a major event for the Institute of Linguistics. Every time it is revised, the institute mobilizes elite soldiers to ensure the quality of the revision. Many academic masters in history personally presided over the revision, forming the tradition that the master revised the small dictionary.

　　When each edition is released, it is also the beginning of the revision of the next edition. After the release of the 11th edition in 2011, two or three years later, we began to prepare for the revision of the 12th edition, and made preparations in all aspects, and officially started the revision in 2015. This revision is the first revision after entering a new era, and we attach great importance to it. In 2017, the original dictionary editing room was expanded into the Dictionary Compilation Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences with the strong support of the hospital leaders. The Xinhua Dictionary editing room was specially set up below to strengthen the editing work of Xinhua Dictionary. Through extensive discussion, multiple surveys, special research, key research, individual division of labor, teamwork, listening to opinions, and repeated polishing, the revision team overcame difficulties at the special moment of the epidemic and completed the final sprint of editing and proofreading with colleagues from the Commercial Press. Finally, the twelfth edition of Xinhua Dictionary was launched on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of its compilation.

A newer dictionary, a better dictionary.

　　This revision puts forward higher requirements in terms of ideology. Comprehensive inspection, strict review of manuscripts, and further enhance the positive energy of dictionaries. In addition, this revision mainly improves the contents and styles of dictionaries in the following aspects.

　　(A) to further implement the national norms to meet the needs of teaching.

　　One of the key points in this revision is to further implement the national character specification. In addition to a comprehensive collection of 8,105 standardized Chinese characters in the List of General Standardized Chinese Characters published in 2013, several new standardized characters approved after 2013 — — Some new elements, such as "[see Figure 1] (ǐ) n ǐ" [see Figure 2] (ǐ) f ǐ "[see Figure 3] (ǐ) Li" [see Figure 4] Tiá nǐ”“[ see Figure 5] ao ",etc. At the same time, according to the needs of teaching, the Chinese characters that are not included in the List of Chinese Characters of General Specification, which is involved in the latest primary school Chinese textbook compiled by the Ministry of Education, are supplemented, such as "[see Figure 6 ]qū", "Yu Yu è" and "[see Figure 7] (ruí)". Thus, the full coverage of the Chinese characters in the General Standard Chinese Character List and the primary school Chinese textbook compiled by the Ministry of Education is realized.

　　From the 1953 edition of Xinhua Dictionary, 6840 words (including variant characters) were collected, and by the 12th edition, 13000 words were collected, which nearly doubled, including 9460 standardized prefixes.

　　(two) to guide the pronunciation and the use of Chinese characters.

　　Guide pronunciation norms by adding prefixes to contemporary pronunciation. For example, the word "kui" of "scarcity" supplements the first reading of "kui" in Zhang Zhongjing’s classic of traditional Chinese medicine "synopsis of the golden chamber" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and in addition, it adds the prefix pronunciation of "horseshoe crab" to the common place name "horseshoe crab fish pond" in Hong Kong SAR. We made a special study on this word, and finally determined that the Cantonese word "horseshoe crab zé" is a more appropriate pronunciation.

　　Guide the use of Chinese characters by improving the interpretation language. For example, Shenyang’s "Shen" is regarded as a sunken "chén" in ancient books. It was previously said that "Shen" also has a pronunciation of "chén", "Shen chén is the same as ‘ Shen ’ Give people a misunderstanding that "Shen" can still be used as a sunken "Shen", and we write "Old Tong ‘ Shen ’ " Just added a word. After the whole batch of processing, it is more clear and standardized, that is, the word can be used as sunken "Shen" in the past. Today, we should not write "Shen" in Shenyang, which not only takes care of the demand for reference, but also highlights the standardization.

　　(C) add new words and new meanings to reflect contemporary language life

　　Within the capacity of small dictionaries, keep up with the times, analyze the realistic corpus, and add some new words and meanings that have been stabilized in recent years. According to the order of sound, for example, add "off the charts, Booming Red, Blogging Eye, Crowdfunding, Initial Heart, Punching in, Purchasing, Driving on behalf of the Driver, Endorsement, Receiving Payment, Like, Top Design, QR Code, Anti-corruption, Fans, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Craftsman Spirit, official website, Returnees, scalpers, Screenshots, Drunk Driving, Garbage Sorting, Support, Traffic, Naked. Some disyllabic words are quoted in square brackets under the words and given a brief explanation. For example, under "Chu", the following words are added: [Chu Xin] Initial wishes and beliefs: ~ Do not change | Do not forget ~; Some of them appear in the form of single-word examples, such as adding intangible cultural heritage under the prefix of "Fei" and adding online shopping under the meaning of "Buy". It has increased the atmosphere of our life now.

　　Add some words and expressions that are close to contemporary social life, such as the related new meanings added under the words "Ba, Bei, Chao, Chao, Dang, Gua, La, Meng, Pai, Spell, astringent and poisonous". For example, the meaning of "Meng" is added: immature and lovable: selling ~ (pretending to be cute to be lovable); This is a common word in modern times. [Charging] Adding figurative meaning: supplementing knowledge, improving skills, etc.: Only by constantly ~ can we keep up with the times.

　　According to the language facts and actual use, some definitions are improved and perfected, such as: [media] refers to the tools for disseminating information, such as newspapers, radio, television, Internet, etc.: network ~. It turns out that there is no Internet or online media in the 11th edition.

　　Combining academic research with field investigation, the entries involving geographical names were comprehensively revised. Some words have added the meaning of place names, such as "Zui": the popular word "Zui" (now mostly used for place names): Tsim Sha ~ (in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region). "Dang": the same as "Dang" (mostly used for place names), because this word is used in Macao: ~ Tsai (z? i) Island (in the Macao Special Administrative Region). Some have revised their definitions according to the changes of administrative divisions, such as "Heè ng": used for place names: Da ~ Shang (in Jizhou, Tianjin) (11th edition is "Jixian"), and now the 12th edition is written in Jizhou, Tianjin.

　　Other improvements include: illustrations pay attention to comprehensiveness and systematicness; Improve and perfect the "radical dictionary" to make it more convenient for readers to search words; Based on the actual needs of the contemporary era, the Comparison Table of New and Old Glyphs has been re-compiled, and according to the Usage of Punctuations (GB/T 15834— In 2011, the Summary of Usage of Common Punctuations was updated, and the List of Area, Population and Capital of Countries and Regions in the World, the Summary of Geological Years and the Periodic Table of Elements were updated according to new information.

　　In addition, thanks to the efforts of the Commercial Press, the 12th edition has been published synchronously for the first time. The market version has two-dimensional codes on all pages of the text, which can directly access the interface of "Xinhua Dictionary APP" through mobile phone code scanning and enjoy multimedia knowledge services.

　　As the editing unit of Xinhua Dictionary, we are well aware that this small dictionary bears the initial heart of the predecessors, the mission of the present and the hope of the future. We will, as always, make every revision with a high sense of responsibility for the country and the people, keep pace with the times and contribute the highest quality dictionaries, and live up to the word "Xinhua" in Xinhua Dictionary, so that it will last forever and enjoy a good reputation throughout China!

　　(Author: Liu Danqing, former director of the Institute of Linguistics of China Academy of Social Sciences, director of the revision of the 12th edition of Xinhua Dictionary)

competitive sports

Since the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), competitive sportsmen in China have made great efforts, constantly surpassed and courageously climbed the peak, and made remarkable achievements, making important contributions to the national sports cause and socialist construction and development. The development of competitive sports is closely related to the national economic and social development, and is in the same direction and synchronous with the development process of the Chinese nation from "standing up" to "getting rich" to "getting strong". The outstanding achievements of competitive sports also highlight the great achievements of socialist modernization, and reflect the strong vitality and vitality of the development path of sports with China characteristics.

　 　 First, the development process

(a) the initial stage of development (1949-1978).After the founding of New China, facing the situation at home and abroad, how to quickly improve the level of competitive sports to meet the needs of international exchanges has become an important task. Combined with the national conditions at that time, China’s sports industry established the strategy of "combining popularization with improvement". Since participating in the 15th Helsinki Olympic Games in 1952, China’s competitive sports have gradually emerged. The first National Games in 1959 brought new development opportunities for competitive sports, and competitive sports have made great progress in the achievements of domestic and international competitions and the training of outstanding athletes. However, the ten-year turmoil has seriously hindered the development of sports in China. Under the guidance of the strategic policy of "shortening the front and ensuring the key points", the limited social resources have been applied to key areas to ensure the local development and catch-up of competitive sports.

(2) The stage of steady development (1979-1992).Since China resumed its legal seat in the International Olympic Committee in 1979, the main task of competitive sports has been to "climb the peak bravely and win glory for the country", and to achieve excellent results in international competitions under the promotion of "priority development strategy" and cultivate excellent athletes for the country. Under the guidance of the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, China’s competitive sports have actively explored the reform of system and mechanism, and the reform of competitive sports management system, competition training system and talent training system has been launched in an all-round way. With the promotion and guarantee of the national system, competitive sports have achieved steady growth of their own strength.

(3) Rapid breakthrough stage (1993-2008).After 1992, China’s competitive sports showed the trend of professionalization and marketization, and the development and perfection of socialist market economy further injected new vitality into competitive sports. Taking the reform of football as a breakthrough, the reform and development of competitive sports in China has been deepening. The main task of competitive sports at this stage is to absorb the achievements of professional reform, vigorously improve the scientific, systematic and international level of competitive sports, implement the outline of Olympic glory plan, and obtain the results of international competitions with the help of "Olympic strategy". In the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, we achieved the goal of ranking first in the world in gold medals and medals, enhanced the comprehensive strength of competitive sports, shaped a good international image, and made a historic leap in the international competitiveness of competitive sports.

(4) The stage of transformation, upgrading and all-round development (2009-present).After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the main tasks of competitive sports are to actively explore the sustainable development mode, vigorously promote the reform of competitive sports system and mechanism, innovate the Olympic preparation mode and implement the national games system reform, and steadily promote the substantive reform of Olympic sports associations. Especially since entering the new era, competitive sports have gained new development impetus, and gradually realized the institutional mechanism transformation from single management to multiple governance, from "glory-winning sports" to all-round sports, from "gold medal first" to the compound goal transformation of showing comprehensive strength, and competitive sports have gathered new development vitality.

Second, the main achievements

(A) the Olympic journey to create excellent results

Since the 15th Helsinki Olympic Games in 1952, the China delegation has been making its mark on the Olympic stage. In 1984, Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal in the Olympic Games, achieving a "zero breakthrough" in gold medals and medals. From the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games to the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, China participated in 9 Summer Olympic Games and won 224 gold medals, 167 silver medals and 155 bronze medals. Since China participated in the 13th Winter Olympics in 1980, China has participated in 11 Winter Olympics. In 1992, it achieved a breakthrough of zero medals and zero gold medals in 2002, especially in the Vancouver Winter Olympics in 2010, China entered the top 8 medals list for the first time. By 2018, China has won 13 gold medals, 28 silver medals and 21 bronze medals in the Winter Olympics. It took only 24 years for the Los Angeles Olympic Games to return to the Olympic family and achieve the breakthrough of "zero" Olympic gold medal, to enter the first group of Olympic gold medal list for the first time in Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, and to top the gold medal list for the first time in Beijing Olympic Games in 2008. Competitive sports achieved leap-forward development and created a miracle in the history of competitive sports in the world.

(2) The number of world champions and world records has increased.

Since participating in the 15th Helsinki Olympic Games in 1952, China athletes have been winning glory for their country and bravely climbing the peak, and made historical leaps again and again. Especially since the reform and opening up, the number of world champions in competitive sports has increased. Since 1978, China athletes won four championships in the world series, Chinese athletes have won 252 Olympic champions. Won 3319 world champions, accounting for more than 99% of the total since the founding of New China; It has surpassed the world record by 1,125 times, accounting for 86.4% of the total since the founding of New China. Among them, from 1978 to 2000, China athletes won 1,392 world championships, with an average of 60.5 in 23 years, far exceeding the growth rate of other countries in the world in the same period.

(C) created a large number of stable Olympic gold medals

We constantly focus on creating key projects suitable for China’s national conditions, forming a relatively stable group of key projects, creating seven dominant events, such as diving, table tennis, badminton, gymnastics, weightlifting, shooting and judo, and many potential dominant events, such as wrestling, fencing, archery, cycling and taekwondo. China’s competitive sports have become an important force in the international sports arena. In addition, a large number of outstanding sports teams have emerged in China, such as China women’s volleyball team, China table tennis team, China mountaineering team, and China diving team known as the "dream team".

(D) The advantages of the national system and the Olympic strategic system have been formed.

Since the founding of New China, China’s sports have actively adapted to the requirements of the development of market economy, and constantly adjusted and improved the national system through persistence, so that the national system can always exert great cohesion, mobilization and coordination, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the national sports system to jointly do a good job in competitive sports. After 70 years’ continuous test of sports practice by several generations of sports workers, the national system has become a magic weapon to promote the rapid development of competitive sports in China and achieve brilliant achievements. Relying on the national system can widely mobilize the enthusiasm of the national resources and sports system in a special period, effectively form an institutional mechanism of government-led, departmental coordination and social participation, shape a strong working force, and promote competitive sports to achieve excellent results in world competitions.

(5) Successfully bid for hosting the Olympic Games, World Championships, Asian Games and other major international events.

Successfully held the 1990 Beijing Asian Games, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games, 2011 Shanghai World Swimming Championships, 2012 Haiyang 3rd Asian Games, 2013 Nanjing 2nd Asian Youth Games, 2013 Tianjin 6th East Asian Games, 2014 Nanjing 2nd Youth Olympic Games, 2015 Beijing World Athletics Championships and 2015 Suzhou World Table Tennis Championships. Many comprehensive international events, such as the 2018 Nanjing World Badminton Championship, the 2019 Men’s Basketball World Cup and the 7th military world games in Wuhan in 2019, have also successfully bid for the 24th Winter Olympics in Beijing in 2022, the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou in 2022, the 3rd Asian Youth Games in Zhanjiang in 2021 and the 12th World Games in Chengdu in 2025. In particular, the bid for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics has made Beijing the only city in the world that has hosted the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games.

(6) A large-scale team of outstanding competitive sports talents has been trained.

Give full play to the advantages of the national system, vigorously implement the strategy of "strengthening the body with talents" in the field of sports, and gradually establish a training system for athletes, coaches, sports management, scientific research personnel, medical personnel and other outstanding talents, and create a talent team with sufficient quantity, reasonable structure and excellent quality. The number of competitive sports talents is growing steadily, the scale of talent team is growing, and the talent structure is constantly optimized. By 2007, there were 17,937 outstanding athletes in China, including 489 international athletes, 4,230 national athletes, 5,635 first-class athletes and 7,583 second-class and below athletes. From 2008 to 2016, China has trained 2,725 international athletes and 21,020 international athletes. From 2008 to 2017, there were more than 5,000 national athletes and 700 international athletes every year, reaching 854 in 2014. By 2017, there were 24,354 coaches and 1,659 coaches in China. By 2016, there were 95,472 referees nationwide, including 485 international referees and 1,819 national referees, distributed in 72 sports.

(VII) The reform of professionalization and socialization of competitive sports has achieved remarkable results.

Promoting the professionalization and social reform of competitive sports is an important breakthrough to improve the development level of competitive sports. Since the founding of New China, China has continuously promoted the substantive reform of sports associations in the field of competitive sports, actively explored the development mode of professional sports under the conditions of socialist market economy, continued to promote the professionalization of qualified sports, improved the professionalism level of football, basketball, tennis and other sports, and used the social market to help the development of competitive sports, forming a professional league market of a certain scale. Since 2015, taking football reform as a breakthrough, the professional development level of football, basketball and volleyball has been continuously improved, and the social participation of professional sports has been continuously expanded.

(VIII) The position and role of competitive sports in serving the national strategy are increasingly prominent.

Since the founding of New China, competitive sports have made outstanding achievements in domestic and international competitions, at the same time, their own connotations and extensions have been continuously enriched, and they have been continuously integrated with economic, social, cultural, diplomatic and other fields, which has played an important role in national development. By hosting and participating in various large-scale international competitions, it has displayed the good image of China and the new features of economic and social development, shaped the image of a big country, and demonstrated the great achievements of China’s reform and opening up. By vigorously developing the competition performance market, professional sports market, sports fitness and entertainment market, the industrialization of competitive sports projects was promoted. In 2016, the total output of the sports competition performance industry was 186.8 trillion yuan, and the added value reached 6.55 billion yuan. With the deepening of China’s sports reform, the political value of competitive sports, which mainly serves the rise of the country, has gradually changed to the humanistic value of meeting social needs. Focusing on meeting the needs of people’s cultural life, it has continuously exerted the diversified values of leisure, education and health of competitive sports.

(9) Chinese sportsmanship has been enriched in practice and carried forward in the whole society.

Chinese sports spirit is an important cultural wealth produced in the field of competitive sports in China. Since the founding of New China, we have gradually formed the Chinese sports spirit with the connotation of "winning glory for our country, unity and cooperation, selfless dedication and tenacious struggle". The Chinese sports spirit has inherited the timeless national spirit of the Chinese nation and condensed the painstaking efforts of generations on the sports front, which has been continuously promoted in practice. China Women’s Volleyball Team is not afraid of strong players, and has worked hard to create the glory of five consecutive championships. The "Women’s Volleyball Team Spirit" has greatly inspired the people of the whole country’s passion for reform and has become a powerful spiritual driving force for the whole nation to forge ahead. "How many times can you have in life", "Keep your mind on the motherland and look at the world" and "Rush out of Asia and go to the world" far exceed the scope of sports and become a powerful spiritual force that inspires the people of the whole country to strive for self-improvement and strength. Chinese sports spirit has enriched the content of socialist spiritual civilization construction, and has become a treasure to inspire the people of the whole country to actively participate in socialist modernization, and has been widely promoted in the whole society.

Third, the development direction of competitive sports in China in the new era

1. Enrich the new connotation of competitive sports development and help build a powerful country in the new era.

First, we should change from the single value of serving the country to the multi-value of meeting social needs, and broaden the value connotation of competitive sports development. We should put more emphasis on promoting national and social construction in the new era through competitive sports, constantly tap the economic, cultural and educational values of competitive sports, play a comprehensive role in promoting national economic and social transformation and upgrading, serving national foreign strategy in the new era, and promoting national civilization and social harmony, so as to expand more space and gather more energy for competitive sports’ own development, so as to better play the important role of competitive sports in the new journey of building a socialist modern country.

Second, from one-dimensional glory for the country to comprehensive service for social development, closely meet the needs of building a strong country in the new era and innovate the target connotation of competitive sports development. It is necessary to promote the new connotation of competitive sports development from the height of national development and national rejuvenation, closely link the development of competitive sports with the destiny of the country and the nation, reposition the development direction of competitive sports from the height of national development and national strategy, better serve the goal of building a healthy China and a strong country, promote the transformation of development mode of competitive sports from the starting point of meeting people’s sports needs, and continuously enhance the motivation and vitality of comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of competitive sports.

The third is to change the priority development and catch-up development of competitive sports to coordinated development and all-round development, and optimize the structural connotation of competitive sports development. Competitive sports in the new era should always adhere to the people-centered development concept, correct the structural problems in the development of competitive sports in time, and fill the shortcomings in the development of competitive sports as soon as possible. It is necessary to carry out the development concept of "innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing", ensure the balanced development of various elements in competitive sports, implement sustainable development evaluation, and promote the connotative development of competitive sports by optimizing the development mode of competitive sports.

2. Establish a new system and mechanism for the development of competitive sports, and improve the modernization level of governance capacity.

First, the institutional mechanism of competitive sports has changed from single management to multi-governance, from unlimited government power to limited power, from "one-wheel drive" of government management and operation to "four-wheel drive" of government, society, market and individuals, from "vertical" management to "flat" governance, so as to promote the continuous transformation of competitive sports to the "flat" governance structure of government-led, social participation and personal investment. Strengthen the top-level design, change the government functions, establish the main position of social organizations in the development of competitive sports, and constantly integrate the full participation of society, the effective participation of the market, the voluntary participation of citizens and the government’s leadership to create a new competitive sports governance structure that makes full use of social resources, relies on social forces, government participation and market support.

The second is to change from extensive relying on concentrated resources to organizational system focusing on scientific and technological assistance and mechanism innovation, and to promote the intensive transformation of competitive sports governance structure to multi-mechanism coupling innovation. Integrate the institutional resources of competitive sports, strengthen the coordination between government regulation and market resource allocation, promote the development mode of competitive sports to change from the extensional expansion with emphasis on quantity to the connotative development with emphasis on quality, continue to innovate the operational mechanism of competitive sports, from the extensive one that emphasizes the concentrated investment of resources to the intensive one that relies on the innovation of ideas and systems, and from the human-intensive one to the scientific one, so as to improve the overall structural benefits of competitive sports and guide the continuous development of competitive sports to the connotative one.

The third is to change from a single state investment to an Olympic preparation organization and management model with multiple participation of the state and society, so as to enhance the activity of the preparation system and mechanism. Promote preparation by reform, strengthen reform by preparation, innovate the management mechanism of national team’s preparation, guide and encourage local sports and social organizations, enterprises, universities and individuals to undertake the task of Olympic training by coordinating various forces such as government, society, market, individuals and industries, integrate various forces, mobilize the enthusiasm of diverse subjects to prepare for the Olympic Games, build a national preparation organization and management platform, and build a preparation system with multiple participation of the state and society.

3. Constantly improve the development strategy of competitive sports and improve the ability to win glory for our country.

First, from highlighting the advantages of the Olympic Games to the comprehensive and coordinated development of various competitive sports, by enhancing the overall strength of competitive sports, we can improve the ability of competitive sports to win glory for the country. Change the layout of Olympic strategic events centered on dominant events, improve the structure of competitive sports events, expand and consolidate the scale of dominant events while maintaining the level of dominant events, vigorously implement the strategy of revitalizing collective ball events and the strategy of comprehensively improving physical fitness events, achieve breakthroughs in the most influential events recognized in the world, maintain the comprehensive level of winter events and continuously improve international competitiveness, and achieve world-class results in the summer Olympic Games and world competitions. By optimizing the structural layout of competitive sports, we can establish a reasonable distribution of events.

Second, the Olympic strategy has changed from focusing on quantity and scale to emphasizing quality and efficiency, from the supremacy of gold medals to the compound goal of showing comprehensive strength, enriching the new connotation of competitive sports winning glory for the country. Shaping and popularizing a healthy and positive view of gold medals has shifted from simply pursuing the improvement of sports level to enhancing the comprehensive competitiveness of competitive sports. Fully understand the national development, national image, national spirit and social value behind competitive sports, scientifically coordinate the preparations for major events, and pay more attention to the right to speak in international sports, the right to participate in international sports affairs, the ability to host international events, and the right to formulate rules for large-scale events, so as to comprehensively enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of competitive sports.

Third, from passive response to active adaptation to the development law of international competitive sports, from mentoring to tackling key problems in the Olympics, we will vigorously promote the work of "science and technology assistance" and improve the scientific and intelligent level of sports training. Actively adapt to the changes of international politics, economy and information technology, deepen the research on the development law of competitive sports, grasp the evolution characteristics and training laws of Olympic events, and improve the scientific and technological content behind gold medals. It is necessary to build a scientific and technological assistance platform, speed up the construction of compound training teams, promote the deep integration of new technologies, new materials, new equipment and physical training, special training, functional monitoring, medical rehabilitation, dietary nutrition, psychological training, intelligence information and other training practices, speed up the intelligent transformation of training venues, equipment and facilities, and improve the scientific and informational level of training process and state monitoring.

4. Vigorously promote the work of "science and technology assistance" and improve the scientific level of sports training.

The first is to improve the system and mechanism of "science and technology assistance" work. Establish a scientific and technological service system that is compatible with the socialist market economic system and closely integrated with sports training practice, improve the unified management mechanism, break through the barriers between various projects, and closely integrate science and technology with training practice by building a platform for resource sharing and experience exchange. Make extensive use of social market resources, attract all social forces to participate in the work of "science and technology assistance", and jointly carry out scientific research, science and technology service and guarantee by giving full play to the advantages of different participants, so as to create an efficient, multi-channel and multi-form sports training information service network and sports science and technology incentive and guarantee mechanism, and improve the quality and efficiency of science and technology service.

The second is to vigorously implement the "science and technology assistance" and the science and technology support plan. Introduce big data and artificial intelligence technology, strengthen international information collection, and dynamically analyze and master big data of competitive sports in various countries; Develop science and technology around the actual needs of sports training, organize multiple forces to carry out public relations on major competitive sports research projects by means of science and technology, and promote the application of high and new technology in sports training practice; Strengthen the big data analysis of technical and tactical training, improve the level of special physical training and scientific recovery and regeneration, speed up the update iteration of biotechnology, sports equipment, training equipment and scientific research instruments, strengthen scientific training, nutrition recovery, state control and multidisciplinary scientific and technological public relations, improve the scientific and informational level of training process and state monitoring, and gradually improve the scientific and technological content of the project through equipment innovation and equipment upgrading.

The third is to build a modern multi-functional intelligent venue. Improve the scientific and technological elements of training venues and facilities in China, gradually improve the scientific and technological content of venues and facilities through equipment innovation, equipment transformation and upgrading, and promote the integration of training, scientific research, medical care, rehabilitation and other elements into training venues. It is necessary to constantly upgrade and transform the multifunctional intelligent venues that meet the needs of preparing for the Olympic Games, and build an intelligent training center with multi-functions such as technical diagnosis, medical supervision, information collection and physical recovery, so as to provide excellent hardware guarantee for sports training and competition.

5. Construct a modern competition system with China characteristics and improve the professional level of competitive sports.

The first is to promote the socialization, scientificization, institutionalization and diversification of the competition system. Reform the system of the National Games, the Winter Games and the Youth Games, improve the methods of organizing and managing the Games, promote the integration of the National Games with the Olympic Games, link the annual events with the National Games, closely combine domestic and international competitions, and carry out various series, grand prix and sub-races to meet the needs of people in different regions and at different levels. We will implement the hierarchical and classified management of competitions, expand the flexibility, openness and autonomy of holding and participating in professional competitions, mobilize the enthusiasm of diversified competition subjects, and establish a single competition system that meets the needs of project development and market, the requirements of the growth and success of young athletes, and is in line with international standards.

The second is to innovate the development mode of professional sports with China characteristics. First of all, to coordinate the relationship between China’s professional sports and professional sports that win glory for the country, we should not only base ourselves on China’s national conditions but also respect the development law of professional sports, coordinate the relationship between project management centers and associations and professional clubs, and make extensive use of social market resources to improve the competitive level of sports according to the marketization degree of sports in China; Secondly, we should promote the substantive operation of professional leagues, do a good job in the top-level design of professional sports leagues, create professional leagues with different projects, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of social markets to participate in professional competitions, build a league management system guided by the government, relying on the market and supervised by associations, and establish a development model of professional leagues with China characteristics.

The third is to cultivate professional brand events with international influence. Give full play to the leading role of the market, fully tap the professional development potential of different projects, and build professional sports clubs with China characteristics and high-level professional brand events. Actively promote all kinds of sports clubs to the international market, explore the professional development path of football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, golf and other projects in China according to the professionalism and influence of sports in China in the world, and strive to cultivate 3-5 professional brand events with international influence by 2050.

6. Persist in implementing the strategy of strengthening the body with talents and promote the diversified training of competitive sports talents.

The first is to build a new competitive sports reserve talent training system with multiple inputs from sports system, education system and social forces. Broaden the ways to train athletes, vigorously promote the integration of sports and education, mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of talent training units, social organizations and individuals while continuing to play the leading role of government departments, and give play to the role of the market in popularizing projects and cultivating reserve talents. Improve the youth sports network and linkage mechanism combining schools, communities and families, realize the organic combination of sports schools, school sports teams, amateur sports schools and sports clubs, and lay a solid foundation for cultivating competitive sports reserve talents.

The second is to improve the training level of high-level coaches, referees and other compound talents. Further implement the elite coach training plan, strengthen the construction, management and training of high-level coaches, improve the evaluation mechanism of coach coaching management and the methods to improve coaches’ professional ability, establish a lifelong learning system for coaches, and comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality and innovation ability of high-level coaches in China. Improve the scientific level of compound training management team, and build a talent team recognized by international sports organizations by accelerating the training of physical training talents in China, expanding the scale of physical training and rehabilitation talents in China, and increasing the training of high-level competition managers and referees.

The third is to promote the diversification of the talent training mode of the national team. Innovate the formation mode of the national team, optimize the selection method of outstanding talents, and vigorously promote the socialization, institutionalization and localization of the training of high-level talents of the national team. By relying on various forces to mobilize the enthusiasm of social participation, we will actively establish cooperative relations with some colleges and universities and individual associations, and use various forces to build a new national team. In addition, we should combine education policy with competitive sports policy to cultivate outstanding reserve talents, continue to carry out cross-border multi-disciplinary talent selection, establish a long-term mechanism combining project selection with cross-border selection, continue to implement the strategy of strengthening the body with talents, and build a reserve talent echelon with different projects linked and progressive.

CNN sent an apology letter to the Hong Kong police： It was rumoured that the police in Hong Kong used petrol bombs against the ＂demonstrators＂.

On the afternoon of the 28th, the Hong Kong police revealed at a press conference that they had exposed a foreign media’s false report about the Hong Kong police, and even forced the executives of this media to personally write to apologize to the Hong Kong police.

This foreign media is CNN.

According to the Hong Kong police and CNN’s confirmation in the letter of apology, on August 25th, CNN published an article with the title "Police use petrol bombs against Hong Kong demonstrators". At the same time, a video claiming that the police were throwing petrol bombs at the "demonstrators" appeared on the Internet.

However, the video evidence produced by Jiang Yongxiang, Senior Superintendent of the Public Relations Division of the Hong Kong Police Force, shows that this video, which appears to be the police throwing petrol bombs at the "protesters", was actually maliciously tampered with and edited by people on the "demonstrators" side. The actual situation is that the "demonstrators" are throwing petrol bombs at the police.

Jiang Yongxiang emphasized that those who maliciously tampered with the clips tried to cover up the evil deeds of the mobs, and their schemes would not succeed.

The video taken by the Global Times reporter at the scene of the conflict also confirmed the police’s statement. It can be clearly seen in the video that "demonstrators" are throwing petrol bombs at the police.

The materials provided by the Hong Kong police also show that CNN, which is currently publishing this fake news, has officially sent an apology letter to the Hong Kong police. The letter of apology was signed by Roger Clark, vice president of CNN and head of Hong Kong branch since 2015.

In this letter of apology, Roger Clark said that they apologized for making this mistake and would investigate the cause of this mistake. He also declared that CNN would "strive to ensure that the report on the demonstrations in Hong Kong is fair and balanced".

Of course, it remains to be seen whether CNN can truly achieve "fairness and balance" in reporting, or continue to "hold the group" with extreme demonstrators like some western media, and continue to listen to their statements.

However, the real significance of CNN’s face-to-face exposure of false news by the Hong Kong police lies in the fact that it fully shows how biased the western media have been in Hong Kong’s reports. Even CNN, the mainstream media in the United States, has become a "mouthpiece" and a "propaganda tool" for extremist demonstrators to spread their rumors.

In this article, except for the pictures with the source indicated, all the others are from online public channels, and their sources cannot be identified. If there is any copyright dispute, please contact the public party.

Text | Brother honest and frank
This article is excerpted from the WeChat WeChat official account Global Times (ID: hqsbwx). The original article was first published on August 28, 2019, with the title "CNN was planted this time and was" caught by the Hong Kong police ".It does not represent the view of the think tank.

Chief producer: Su Huizhi

Producer: Yu Xia

Editor: Dai Lili Li Yibo

Editor: Lu Hanzhi

(Original title: "CNN planted this time! "Caught red-handed" by the Hong Kong police … ")

Chen Zhangtai： Speaking Language Planning

Speaking language planning

Wen Miao Chen Zhangtai

one

The Nature and Significance of Language Planning

(A) the emergence of language planning

Language planning is a term of applied linguistics and also a social language. The terminology of linguistics is also called "language planning", "language engineering" and "language standardization". China’s pastUsually referred to as "language movement" and "text reform", it is often referred to as "language work" recently, and someIt is called "language standardization" and "Chinese modernization".

The actual existence of language planning has a long history, but as sociolinguistics and application, A branch of linguistics, or after the second world war. Its background is:

(1) After the end of World War II, colonial countries became independent one after another. When some countries were founded, they had to carry out an important task, that is, selecting, determining, popularizing standard languages, common languages or official languages, and formulating their norms and standards.

(2) With the rapid development of post-war politics, economy, culture, education and science and technology, it is necessary to standardize and manage language and its application.

(3) After World War II, a large number of immigrants flooded into western developed countries, resulting in extremely complicated social problems of multi-culture and multi-language, such as language problems in administration, education, religion and employment, which need to be properly solved. To solve these important and urgent social language problems, it is necessary to make a comprehensive and effective plan for the language of the country and the nation, which promotes the emergence of language planning.

(B) the meaning of language planning

What is language planning? There are various opinions. Howe, who first used this term in literature. According to E.Haugen, language planning is the identification of language. This is concise, but it’s not quiteClear. S.Fishman, the pioneer and founder of language planning, believes that language planningIt is to determine and describe the decision-making process of language, its seriousness and urgency, and it needs a clear understanding.Solution requires an action theory that can provide and identify alternative solutions to existing problems.On. The Encyclopedia of China Language Volume explains that language planning is "a country or a society"The collective name of all kinds of work carried out by groups in order to manage the language. " Because language planningIt involves many non-linguistic factors, so some scholars simply call language planning "about language"The official policy. " Looking at all kinds of views and considering the actual content of language planning, weIt is believed that the basic meaning of language planning is:In order to solve the problem of language communication in society, the government or social groupsProblems in the international, purposeful, planned and organized to language and its use.Intervention and management, so that language and writing can better serve the society.

Language planning is closely related to language policy and language legislation, so there are often People regard the three as one. The contents of the three have something in common, they are interrelated and have areas.Other relationships, among whichLanguage policy is the foundation, core and administrative behavior; Language legislation is language politics.The sublimation and guarantee of policy and language planning is a legal act; Language planning is an extension of language policy.And embodiment is the concrete implementation of language laws and regulations, and the theory of language planning can also be language politics.The formulation of policies and language laws and regulations provides theoretical basis. Language planning is not only a government act, but also a society.Behavior.Each country embarks from its own interests and reality, and based on the national and government’s understanding of language.This attitude, the formulation and implementation of a wide range of language policies, some countries on this basis to develop.Detailed and specific language planning, reflecting its language policy; Some countries also carry out language legislation, which willThe important content of language policy is summarized and affirmed in the form of law; The Importance of Language PlanningThe content is also absorbed by language legislation, and language planning should be based on and implemented by language laws and regulations.It is necessary to stipulate. For example, in contemporary China, it is early for the government to ensure the language equality of all ethnic groups and promote Putonghua.The policy that has been determined and consistently implemented seriously is an important part of language planning in the past 50 years.When the economist formulated the Constitution and the Law of the State on the Common Language, he affirmed these policies.Sublimate, and give affirmation and guarantee in the form of law, clearly stipulates: "All ethnic groups have it.And the freedom to develop their own spoken and written languages. ""The state promotes Putonghua, which is commonly used throughout the country. " PeopleThe Law on Ethnic Regional Autonomy, Compulsory Education Law and other laws also have relevant provisions. Language politics of the governmentPolicy and language planning and conscientiously implement the provisions of national laws in this regard, more detailed,The status, relationship, function and scope of use of national languages and Putonghua are specifically defined.Another example is that the government’s language policy shows that the promotion of Putonghua is to overcome language barriers and benefit the society.Language communication, not to eliminate dialects, dialects can not be artificially eliminated, in quiteFor a long time, it will also serve the residents of various dialect areas. "National Common Language Law" affirms thatThis policy also specifies the range of dialects that can be used. The government’s language policy also states that,The implementation of standardized Chinese characters is not to abolish traditional Chinese characters, and the National Common Language and Characters Law also affirms it.This policy clearly stipulates the scope of traditional Chinese characters. Language policy, in turn, mustIt is necessary to carry out and implement these provisions of the National Law on Common Languages. Language planning must be followedAccording to these provisions, reflect the relevant laws and policies of the state.

(C) the nature of language planning

From the basic meaning of language planning, we can summarize the nature and characteristics of language planning. this Is:

1. Language planning is mainly a government behavior, with social behavior.Formulation and implementation of planning Hosted and led by the government, or authorized by the government, social organizations and academic institutions are specifically responsible for the government’s transportation.Use its administrative power to promote it. Language planning needs the support of all sectors of society and the participation of the people.And, in order to succeed. Because it is hosted by the government and attended by the public, language planning toolsHave considerable authority and sociality. Language planning in most countries in the world has this feature.Quality. Language planning also has certain personal behaviors, mainly influential social celebrities, such as famous.Linguists, writers, educators, sociologists and famous politicians, social activists, etc., theyOr directly participate in and guide the formulation of language planning, or take advantage of their social influence to participate in language rules.Row activities. The former, such as the early 19th century, passed through knudsen, a Norwegian linguist. Knudsen) and Ivar Aasen’s efforts, the national language and the new Norwegian language were determined by the government.It is the official language. The latter, such as influential politicians and social activists in some countries, theirThe influence of speech and speech activities on language planning.

2. Language planning is a purposeful and planned systematic project.Its purpose is to Solve the problems in social language communication, improve and perfect the norms of language and characters, and give full play to language.The social function of speech. Language planning is not only a problem of language itself, but also a purely academic one.Work, which is closely related to the society, nationality, politics, economy, culture, education and science and technology, needsIt is necessary to comprehensively consider various factors and conditions, make careful plans and arrangements, and organize and coordinate all parties concerned.Face to work together, can be effectively implemented.

3. Language planning is a long-term social practice activity, which can’t be accomplished overnight. Only by persisting in work for a long time and actively and steadily carrying out social practice can we achieve practical results.From the selection, determination and popularization of standard language, common language and official language to the standardization and technique of language.The standardization of language and the creation, reform and perfection of characters are all long-term processes and huge regulations.Model and complex practice. Language standardization is a long-term work, and it must follow the development of society.Change and the evolution of the language itself, and timely adjust and improve it;Language planning should also keep pace with the times.Advance, can’t be fixed and unchangeable.

(D) the task of language planning

The main tasks of language planning are: to determine the status of language in the country and society, and to coordinate language. The relationship between words guarantees people’s language rights, strengthens people’s awareness of language norms, strengthens the standardization and standardization of language, enhances language prestige, enhances language vitality, gives full play to the social communication function of language, promotes the sustained and healthy development of language and language life, and better serves the society.The specific task of language planning is changing, which changes with the continuous development of society, the evolution of language and language life and the progress of language planning.For example, in China, in the 1950s and 1960s, the specific tasks of language planning were to implement the policy of language equality for all ethnic groups, safeguard the people’s language rights, and at the same time determine the status of Putonghua as a common language in the whole country, vigorously popularize Putonghua, implement text reform, and strengthen the standardization of modern Chinese. In the 1980s and 1990s, in order to meet the needs of the country’s reform, opening up and modernization, the specific tasks of language planning were adjusted in a timely manner. In addition to continuing to carry out the specific tasks of the previous stage, the tasks of language information processing and management were added, and the popularization of Putonghua was accelerated, and the standardization and standardization of language and characters were strengthened.

(E) the significance of language planning

Language planning is an important event in social life and language life, which has great influence on social life and language. Life has important influence and positive significance.

1. The political significance of language planning is remarkable, which is mainly manifested in determining language status, coordinating language relations, safeguarding people’s language rights and strengthening national unity consciousness, thus playing an important role in safeguarding national unity, national unity and social stability.Without a unified language, national unity, national unity and social stability are bound to be damaged. For example, China is a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country with a vast territory and a large population. If there is no unified language, it is hard to imagine that the country, ethnic groups and society can be so United, unified and stable as a whole in the long history of more than 3,000 years. In this respect, language equality, unified writing and the promotion of Yayan, Tongguan, Mandarin and Putonghua have played an important role in history. After the European Renaissance, Italy, France, Spain and other countries set up language institutions one after another to formulate and implement language plans and safeguard the purity and health of their own languages, which is of great significance to the unity and social stability of European countries and the industrial revolution thereafter. The promotion of Arabic in the Arab world has played a vital role in promoting the unity and unity of Arab countries and nations. Negative examples, such as India, the Philippines and some countries in Africa, have seriously affected the unity, stability and development of these countries because some social and linguistic problems have not been properly solved.

2. Language planning plays an important role in promoting the development of economy, culture, education, science and technology.this It is mainly embodied in language ontology planning and strengthening the standardization and standardization of language and characters, such as formulating the standardization standards of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and characters of standard language, reforming style and characters, standardizing and standardizing terminology, and strengthening the modernization of Chinese language, thus promoting the progress and development of economy, culture, education and science and technology. For example, in our country, it is helpful for the formation of a unified market, the development of economy, culture and education, the development of language information processing, natural language understanding and artificial intelligence, etc., and its social and economic benefits are enormous to determine Putonghua and standardized Chinese characters as the national common language and characters and vigorously promote them throughout the country.

3. The standardization of language makes the language more standardized and easy to use, thus enhancing the social function of language, improving communication efficiency and work efficiency, and adapting to the needs of continuous development and change of social life.For example, it is an obvious fact that the standardization of modern Chinese and minority languages has enhanced the social functions of these languages and facilitated work and communication. Another example is that English, French and Spanish are highly standardized, so their social functions are stronger, and their communication efficiency and work efficiency are also higher, which plays an important role in social communication and international exchange.

4. Language planning can have a positive impact on the historical changes of language, making the language structure itself more standardized and precise, more suitable for the needs of modern society, and developing in the direction of meeting the interests of language users.For example, the closeness or basic consistency between written language and spoken language is a trend of language development, and human intervention in language can accelerate the development of this trend. Israel revived Hebrew, which had been divorced from social life for more than 2,000 years, and became a communicative language in modern society, which greatly accelerated the process of colloquialism of written language. Since the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chinese has undergone stylistic reform, from classical Chinese to vernacular Chinese, which makes written language close to spoken language and makes spoken language more standardized, concise and accurate, which plays an important role in the development of the language itself.

Book information

Research on Language Planning (Summary of Contemporary Chinese Academic Works)

Chen Zhangtai

This book is a classic work of Mr. Chen Zhangtai who has studied language planning for many years, including language planning theory and practice research, language policy research, language standardization research and so on. The book points out that the content of language planning includes two parts: language status planning and language ontology planning. The object of language planning is social language problems, including language status, language relations, language norms, etc., mainly to overcome language barriers in social communication and create or improve the conditions and environment for language use. The main tasks of language planning are to determine the status of language in the country and society, coordinate language relations, safeguard people’s language rights, strengthen people’s awareness of language norms, strengthen the standardization and standardization of language, improve language prestige, enhance language vitality, give full play to the social communication function of language, promote the sustained and healthy development of language and language life, and better serve the society.

Brief introduction of the author

Chen Zhangtai (1932—2021), researcher and doctoral supervisor of state language commission Institute of Linguistic Application, professor of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, concurrently vice president of Chinese Language Society, president of China Society of Applied Linguistics, adjunct professor of Beijing Broadcasting Institute and adjunct professor of Nanchang University. He used to be an associate researcher and deputy director of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, deputy editor-in-chief of China Language magazine, deputy director and secretary-general of state language commission, and director of Institute of Linguistic Application. Mainly engaged in sociolinguistics and Chinese dialect research.

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