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1905 Dialogue · Zhang Jiahui： No nostalgia for past glory, still a workaholic

1905 movie network feature After many years in the entertainment industry, I have long been accustomed to the challenges of various roles.

Having made many plays and won many awards, in recent years, some of the audience’s attention has focused on his Mandarin. Would you mind if everyone teased him? In a guest appearance on the 1905 film network’s "Dialogue" column, Zhang Jiahui humorously expressed his "four no" attitude: do not stop, do not mind, do not encourage, do not object, "you like to say, I still do my job."

After many years in the industry, Zhang Jiahui has always maintained an enterprising heart, constantly breaking his performance habits, avoiding repetitive performance patterns, and striving to bring freshness to the audience every time.

After two years of cooperation, Zhang Jiahui plays a complex outlaw in the new play. The former special forces soldier Zhang Yao has become a big drug lord Shawang. The contrast between the characters is extremely clear, and it is a bit like one person playing two roles.

He said the character was far more complex than Mr. Lee’s, giving him more room to perform. He personally designed bold and exaggerated forms and actively participated in the creation of action scenes.

"I didn’t expect me to be able to fight like this, did I?" Zhang Jiahui laughed and broke through again in "Rebirth".

Dye blond hair, cut scars

Don’t sell handsome, sell action scenes

Appearing in front of the camera with long blond hair and a large, delicately combed back, the "scarred version" of Zhang Jiahui in "Rebirth" is bold and eye-catching.

He explained that his thoughts were hidden in the details, and that blond hair often gave people a fierce and inaccessible feeling. He wanted to use this visual impact to create an image of a moral outlaw. He volunteered to "engrave" the scar that matched Shawan on his face, and then donned a wide bathrobe, an expensive cigar, and an exaggerated decoration to attend a pool party, so that the audience could more easily understand the absurdity of a drug lord.

Zhang Jiahui has always loved to subvert his image.

From Lao Ba’s happy buck teeth, Zhong Hongjing’s one-eyed appearance, Cheng Hui’s full body of muscles, to his bald appearance and his yellow-haired back in "Rebirth", many of his screen looks are unrecognizable to the audience.

"Not recognizing it is the effect I want the most." Zhang Jiahui said "proudly" that if you want to see his handsomeness, it is enough to watch the previous plays. Creation always needs boldness and change.

He has encountered many reversal characters, but "Rebirth" still has a special attraction for him.

Mr. Ma’s script was tailor-made for Mr. Cheung and Mr. Cheung, who shared news about the funeral of a dead policewoman that drew condolences from high-ranking officials during the editing of "Rage." He asked the director if there was a scene at a funeral home that brought together police officers and gangsters. The idea not only inspired Mr. Ma to create "Rebirth," but also allowed similar scenes to be integrated into the film’s plot.

Former special forces soldier Yao disguised himself as a drug lord Shawang just to avenge his dead family. Zhang Jiahui believes that "Rebirth" has more performance space than "Raging Tide".

It turned out that the script didn’t arrange too many fights for him, but after repeatedly deconstructing the characters’ behavior motives, he still took the initiative to add some action scenes to himself, including the fight between the black building and the horse bath, and the fierce fight on the narrow boat, all of which were integrated into his own design.

"You didn’t expect me to be so good at fighting, did you?" Zhang Jiahui quipped.

He grew up in the golden age of Hong Kong-made action movies. At that time, under the influence of other superstars, the ethos of "everyone can fight" was popular in the film industry. Actors, whether they had fighting experience or not, needed to make action scenes realistically. It was also from then on that Cheung Ka Hui demanded for many years that action scenes must not be vague.

Whether it’s picking up the shield and defending skills in "Rebirth", trying out cold weapon fighting in "Raging Tide", or being "tossed" by a family-trained director in "Super Detective", he always prepares well before each challenge. In addition to spending time practicing every day, the scene is constantly rehearsed until it is proficient before he can really get into the shooting. He insists on playing in person in all action scenes, and even if he is exhausted after each shot, he still thinks it is worth it for the effect to be real.

Don’t miss the past glory

Still a "workaholic"

Every time Zhang Jiahui is mentioned, people can always count his experiences in the first half of his life. He applied for the police as a young man, became an actor by mistake, became famous through a series of hilarious comedies, and successfully transformed through "Witness" and "Guild Wars". He has gone through a journey full of flowers and applause, but also a road full of thorns and bumps. The filming was almost depression, leaving his hometown and leaving his well for South Africa. The price paid before success was countless.

Zhang Jiahui has always worked hard.He remembers that he has made at most 11 plays a year, and he knows that he shouldn’t, but he still doesn’t want to miss every opportunity. He said that many people have been waiting for a long time for an opportunity, and he has met it and put it in front of him, and he wants to seize it. He regards acting as his duty. Even though he has won multiple Best Actor awards, he has never had a moment of relaxation.

Zhang Jiahui considers himself "a workaholic", and does not want to miss the glory of the past, but also wants to look forward to the future creation.

From Ma Yuke to Huang Mingsheng, he has been cooperating with the new generation of directors in recent years, wanting to break his creative habits and trying to continue to expand his career territory. His self-directed and self-starred films have appeared at overseas film festivals, and the word-of-mouth response is good.

Noting the lack of opportunities for young actors in Hong Kong due to business reasons, Mr. Cheung said he deliberately reduced his role in the film to "make room" for another leading actor. "Redemption" has received invitations from film festivals in Germany, Spain and France, and he hopes the film will be seen by more people.

Having filmed many plays and won many awards, some of the public’s attention to Zhang Jiahui now focuses on his Mandarin.

In this regard, Zhang Jiahui seemed a little "helpless". He humorously expressed his "four no" attitude: do not stop, do not mind, do not encourage, do not object, "you like to say, I still do my own."

When partnering with mainland actors, Zhang Jiahui also occasionally acts in Mandarin, especially for "big scenes". He does not want his Cantonese to distract the other party, so he uses Mandarin to better let the opposing actors feel the rhythm of the performance.

Zhang Jiahui was still interested in directing, and it was difficult to give up his acting career. He did not have much ambition to win the award. It was not because he had already achieved success, but in his opinion, everything he did should be down-to-earth and return to his original intention.

Edison Chen releases new album, claiming that he just wants to be a good father

During the promotion, Edison Chen shaved his head and left a small tuft of tail-like hair at the back of his head, which was dyed bright pink. Beijing News reporter, Guo Yanbing, photo

In addition to the title and name of the album cover, there is a little doll with a gold hoop and a long tail – this is Edison Chen’s childhood photo.

　　After seven years, Edison Chen returned on September 3 with his new Mandarin album "A Monkey, Part 3". The "A Monkey" series is strongly branded as "biographical", and the trilogy will be released in flashbacks of "three, two, one". The first release of "A Monkey, Part 3" is Chen Edison’s first album since signing with Modern Sky, and it is also his first attempt to release records in mainland China through digital payment.

　　Asked what his daughter had changed him, Edison Chen responded, happy and hoping to be a good father. At the end of the press conference, Edison Chen expressed his gratitude to fans: "So many things have happened over the years, thank you for always supporting me." And told the media, "Many people think that my attitude towards the media is not very good. If you respect me, I will respect you, and you will find that I am not that bad."

　　Concept "I am the Monkey King"

　　Edison Chen, who is seen by the public as straightforward and unrestrained, has repeatedly become a controversial figure, and has a sense of music that is ahead of its time. Edison Chen named his new album "A Monkey", which undoubtedly sees himself in the "Monkey King".

　　At the press conference, Edison Chen explained that the creative inspiration for the album came from the movie "Romeo and Juliet" (1996 version, starring Leonardo DiCaprio), and the Australian director Baz Luhrmann refurbished Shakespeare’s classic plays in a postmodern way. It "gave me inspiration, [put my song] in the story of Sun Wukong, there are naughty bad [stages], guilt when lost, [also found] re-me part. Because I am a monkey born in 1980, I am the monkey king. This is not just an album, it is a story."

　　Produce and create all Mandarin lyrics

　　In terms of album production, Chen Edison arranged all the lyrics of the entire album, the album creative and the supervision of the music of the entire album. He said: "I haven’t recorded songs and released albums for several years, I have a lot to talk about, a lot has happened in seven years, and I want to tell everyone what I am thinking recently through my music. The most important reason is that I want to try to write my own Mandarin lyrics. It is easy to write flow in English, and it is also easy in Japanese, but it is difficult in Mandarin and Cantonese. In the past, MC Hot Dog and MC Ren helped me translate the lyrics, and I just put the sound in, but this time it is all my own creation."

　　As for composition, arrangement, and post productin, the lineup for the "A Monkey" series is also luxurious, including Grammy Award-winning James Fauntleroy, DJ White Shadow, producer of Lady Gaga’s album "Born This Way", and French musician DJ Snake, who has worked with Justin Bieber.

　　Create a story

　　In the first release of "A Monkey, Part 3", Edison Chen, who was "arrogant" in the eyes of the public, unexpectedly became warm. The 8-minute single "God" is his dramatic inner monologue. In "Tears in Melody", he helplessly sings "Play and play, and in the end, there are so few brothers left." In "Ingredients of True Love", he repeatedly reads "Only you are in my eyes, only you are in my heart." In addition to his sincere confession as a new father, he also encourages girls to be brave and be themselves in the song "Clothing".

　　Li Tong, Beijing News reporter, Chengdu

＂Made in Shanghai＂ new energy vehicles should be competitive to the high end. In the past year, new models of Zhiji and Feifan have been listed one after another, all of which are aimed at the market

Reporter zai Fei

"Save globalization! Buy a China electric car! " Last year, a British magazine introduced the new trend of China’s new energy vehicle export on this topic, and said in the subtitle: "Electric vehicles can prevent the world from decoupling."

In recent years, the export of new energy vehicles in China has become a new phenomenon that cannot be ignored all over the world. In 2021, China’s exports of new energy vehicles account for one third of the world’s total, making it the largest exporter of new energy vehicles in the world. Last year, the export scale of new energy vehicles in China doubled on the basis of 2021, reaching 679,000 vehicles.

No wonder the reporter of this magazine said about his car selection experience: "Some of the most attractive electric cars in the European market are either made in China (Tesla) or China brand (SAIC MG)."

Shanghai is an important force in the export of new energy vehicles in China. Tesla Giga Shanghai alone accounts for half of China’s new energy vehicle exports. Another big factory, SAIC, has won the top spot in the export of domestic car companies for seven consecutive years, and a large part of the export models are new energy vehicles.

But strong export is not the whole story. Shanghai automobile industry is soberly aware that in the surging new energy automobile market in China, the voice of Shanghai automobile is not loud, and there are not many models with market influence, especially high-end models; Although Shanghai’s automobile production ranks among the top in the country and keeps growing, the industry profit rate has declined instead of increasing. Shanghai, a traditional automobile industry town, is exploring the transformation and upgrading to high-end, green and intelligent.

The export volume and quality of new energy vehicles are rising at the same time

On July 20th last year, the first batch of thousands of SAIC MG MULAN (named MG4 ELECTRIC overseas) meandered at Haitong Wharf, waiting to be transported to Zeebrugge Port, Belgium. This is a new energy vehicle designed by SAIC for global consumers: in Europe, the interior is simple and the chassis is tough; In the hot Middle East, strengthen air conditioning and rapid refrigeration; In mountainous areas such as Chile, the climbing ability of vehicles is improved by 20%. MG MULAN is therefore also known as the "global car".

Andrew Stewart, sales director of SAIC MG UK, said: "MG is one of the fastest growing automobile brands in the UK. The car itself is very well made, cost-effective and full of technology. MG is sold in more than a dozen European countries. In 2020, there were only 65 outlets, and now it is close to 650. "

Represented by MG brand, SAIC sold 1.017 million vehicles in overseas markets in 2022, up 45.9% year-on-year. In terms of proportion, for every three China cars sold overseas, one is made by SAIC.

Tesla Giga Shanghai is also the main exporter of new energy vehicles in China. Last year, this factory delivered a total of 710,000 Tesla vehicles, of which 270,000 were exported overseas, accounting for about 40% of the country’s total export of new energy vehicles that year.

While the total export volume of new energy vehicles in Shanghai has increased, the export products and export destinations have also undergone major changes. Supported by the Shanghai Fair Trade Project, the 2022 International Competitiveness Report of Shanghai New Energy Automobile Industry issued by the Research Center of New Economy and Industry International Competitiveness of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences holds that the transformation is mainly reflected in two points: First, the export of products takes the lead in realizing new energy. Since 2019, the export of Shanghai’s automobile industry has begun to change to new energy automobile products, and a large part of the new export volume and the original export volume have been transformed into new energy automobile products; Second, the target market takes the lead in conquering the highest-end market in the world. The export of Shanghai’s new energy automobile industry to European countries has greatly improved, and the European Union has become the largest export region of Shanghai’s new energy automobile industry.

Tang Yunyi, deputy director of the Institute of Applied Economics of Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, said: "The international competitiveness of Shanghai’s new energy vehicles first stems from the complete layout. In 1980s, with the foundation of SAIC-Volkswagen in Anting, Shanghai’s automobile industry was integrated into the global industrial division of labor system, and these years have always followed the pace of industrial transformation. Secondly, Shanghai has always insisted on "walking on two legs", that is, independent research and development and introduction and absorption are carried out simultaneously, and the two promote each other. Finally, in the global supply chain industry chain, Shanghai’s hub and node functions are very important, which is also fully reflected in the new energy automobile industry. "

Shanghai needs local high-end new energy brands.

In recent years, we have seen the improvement of the international competitiveness of Shanghai’s automobile industry, but on the other hand, we can also see that Shanghai is not prominent in the domestic new energy automobile industry.

Looking at the national new energy vehicle market, regardless of BYD’s sales of 1.86 million vehicles last year, even new forces whose sales failed to meet expectations, such as "Wei Xiaoli" (Wei Lai, Tucki, Ideal), Nezha and Zero Run, all crossed the 100,000-vehicle mark. Ai ‘an, a new energy brand under the traditional car company Guangzhou Automobile Group, sold a total of 270,000 vehicles last year, second only to BYD and Tesla. In addition to the wholly foreign-owned brand Tesla, Shanghai needs more local new energy brands with market influence.

There is also a hidden worry related to this: the profit rate of Shanghai automobile industry has dropped significantly in recent years. The International Competitiveness Report of Shanghai New Energy Automobile Industry in 2022 calculated that this data decreased from 16.33% in 2018 to 7.77% in 2021, a decrease of more than 50%.

Industry researchers believe that the decline in profit margins is first and foremost a global industrial phenomenon, not only in Shanghai. Tang Yunyi said: "The price of upstream raw materials, such as energy storage batteries, continues to rise, which leads to great cost pressure and reduces the profit margin of vehicle manufacturers. The supply chain was affected by the epidemic, and it was intermittent, which caused interference to the operation. In addition, the competition in the new energy vehicle market is also very fierce, and various manufacturers have to compress profit margins in order to seize the market. "

As a city with a long history of automobile industry, Shanghai’s new energy automobile industry has also encountered a transformation problem that the new forces of making cars have not. In the past, whether it is a joint venture brand or a local brand, most of the profits came from fuel vehicles. However, since 2018, the auto market in China has been continuously adjusted back, and with the strong rise of new energy vehicles, not only the sales volume of fuel vehicles has declined year by year, but also the net profit of bicycles has declined simultaneously.

Although Shanghai’s automobile industry has gradually turned to new energy sources, these new energy vehicles generally have low unit prices and meager profits, which are not enough to make up for the lost profits in the fuel vehicle market. In 2021, SAIC-GM-Wuling sold 1.76 million vehicles, but the net profit of returning to the mother was only 1.135 billion yuan, and the net profit of bicycles was 645 yuan.

Shanghai automobile industry has realized that in order to improve profit rate and competitiveness, it is necessary to take the road of high-end, green and intelligent. In 2020, SAIC, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech and Ali cooperated to establish Zhiji Automobile, and the R brand became Feifan Automobile independently. In the past less than a year, new models such as Zhiji L7, Feifan R7 and Zhiji LS7 have been listed one after another, all of which are aimed at the high-end market of more than 300,000 yuan. Synchronizing with the high-end route is the high investment in R&D. In 2021, SAIC spent 20.6 billion yuan on R&D (the data for 2022 has not yet been released), which not only surpassed "Wei Xiaoli", but also overwhelmed BYD, which is in the limelight, ranking first among China car companies. A large part of these R&D funds are spent on new energy projects.

"Car companies not only need to accelerate technology iteration and form more competitive new energy products, but also pay more attention to the after-use and after-service markets. For example, in the use environment of intelligent networking, the maintenance of core components of new energy vehicles is largely controlled by intelligent software, which requires the use of more accurate and rigorous maintenance equipment. These new markets will extend the industrial chain length of automobiles, improve the value space, and also put forward new requirements for the operation system and talent system. " Tang Yunxi said.

At the beginning of the new year, new energy subsidies have been withdrawn, Tesla’s price has been drastically reduced, and BYD has been looking up to the brand to launch a million-dollar SUV…… … These major events that test the brand positioning and profit margin of the automobile industry have come one after another, and more intense competition is just around the corner.

What are the ＂Desperate Saburo＂ in the entertainment circle？ Alina Zhang sleeps three hours a day and Meng Mei Qi sleeps 30 minutes.

It is said that the competition in the entertainment circle is very stressful. Whether it is given by yourself or public opinion from outside, as long as it is an "insider", it will face a lot of pressure. Under this pressure, in order to better meet the expectations of fans and audiences and their own standards and requirements, many actors and artists are called "Desperate Saburo" in the entertainment circle, and "No madness, no survival" is the highest evaluation for them.

Then let’s take a look at which "Desperate Saburo" are selected!

Alina Zhang, who boarded the hot search many times before because he "apologized", relied on the flag of "only sleeping for three hours" this time. In an interview video, Alina Zhang talked about her cross-border experience from the front to the back. She said that her mobile phone was always online 24 hours a day, and when a colleague sent her a WeChat at 3 am, she would reply at 4 am.

As for Alina Zhang’s sleeping time, she also broke the news herself in a variety show, saying that when she participated in "Braving the Wind and Waves", all her sisters were afraid to live in the same room with her, for fear of being awakened by her. She also quipped that when Eva Huang called to change rooms at night, she heard it. Why did she hear it? It was because it was three o’clock in the morning and Zhang Menggang got up.

Although it is a joke, it is also the true state of Alina Zhang at work. Only Alina Zhang and He Jiong slept for three hours.

Talking about the topic that "monsters" in the workplace don’t sleep in the program, He Jiong mentioned that "three hours’ sleep time is enough for himself". In fact, He Jiong didn’t mean that it was enough for him to sleep only three hours a day. Later, he also explained that in his concept, it was enough to fall asleep, whether it was three hours or four hours, as long as he fell asleep, he played a role in rest and relaxation.

Some netizens have sorted out He Jiong’s itinerary in October this year. Almost all the programs are recorded from the beginning of the month to the end of the month. It is no wonder that He Jiong is always called "He Laoshi". With such a large workload and excellent hosting strength and experience, He Laoshi deserves it.

Meng Mei Qi, as a "teacher elder sister" of trainees, told them about her own experience, saying that when she participated in the competition, she only slept for 30 minutes for two months out of three months.

Before Alina Zhang and He Jiong only slept for three hours, it was already exaggerated, and 30 minutes was too much. No wonder some netizens voiced doubts. However, artists should pay attention to their work and rest, and don’t overwork, otherwise their health will be too much one day.

Whether it is a newcomer or a senior, there will always be a rush in this fast-paced circle. In "Great Sister", Tamia Liu, an actor, said that he lived by willpower. No one is superhuman, but when you have the will, you can go forward bravely. From marriage and family management to personal will growth, from actor to cross-border anchor. Tamia Liu has been fighting a prepared battle.

There is a scene in the program that is the live content of Tamia Liu on the day after the live broadcast. At that time, it was already three o’clock in the morning, and many staff members couldn’t stay up. Tamia Liu also teased himself that he was the one who put all the staff down.

Recently, LAY has appeared in many variety shows, such as I am a singer, an idol trainee, the name of a teenager, This is Street Dance, and the latest Dance Storm.

Singing, composing and dancing, he is updating his own universe, with new albums, new singles, setting up an entertainment company and convening trainees. LAY’s plan is very full. Before attending the program, he said that he had almost no spare time, even if he didn’t have a schedule, he wouldn’t let himself rest. He would use his spare time to compose and practice dancing, and he would also see him arranging music with a computer at the airport.

Jackson Wang is also such a "Desperate Saburo" idol artist. I have participated in many variety shows in China for more than five months, opened a pop-up shop and released new songs. I also have to take into account the arrangement and development of Korean companies, and China and South Korea run at both ends. Give yourself a relaxing holiday, and he will even feel panic and anxiety. Only by enriching yourself will you feel that you have not been surpassed and eliminated.

The entertainment circle has been updated very quickly. If you want to have a more sense of existence in the hearts of the audience, almost everyone is desperate. Love to drive action, they use their professionalism and professional attitude to present better works to the audience. Under the premise of not hurting their health, Saburo deserves everyone’s praise and appreciation. Text/fruit burning

Controversy frequently occurs. Is the novel ＂melting stalks＂ a re-creation or plagiarism？

　　□ Rule of Law Daily reporter Sun Tianjiao

　　□ rule of law daily intern Chen Lier

　　Not long ago, the dispute between Shen Nanqiao, a novelist, and Jiuyuexi over plagiarism aroused social concern. Shen Nanqiao posted on the social platform that in Jiuyuexi’s novel "A City Waiting for You", the character setting, personality and experience of the "fake brother and sister" are similar to those in his work "I’m only afraid that I love you", and a "palette" (a table comparing the plagiarized text with the original text) is listed. Jiuyuexi quickly counterattacked, listing "counter-offer" (refutation of "palette"), saying that there was no plagiarism, and "legal weapons are welcome to properly protect rights".

　　In recent years, the word "melting stalk" has been frequently packaged with plagiarism, which has been called "more covert plagiarism" by many online novel writers and readers. There is no official definition of "melting stalk", which is usually considered that the other party has not copied the original text word for word, but the core plot of the story development is very similar to the character setting.

　　In an interview with the reporter of the Rule of Law Daily, many experts believe that "melting stalks" is not completely equivalent to plagiarism in the sense of copyright law, but there is a great possibility of infringing copyright, and some of them are tantamount to "advanced plagiarism". In practice, it is difficult to prove and defend the rights of controversial works. We should be wary of beautifying "melting stalks" as "reference" and "tribute", so that defenders will be discouraged, plagiarists will escape punishment and the creative enthusiasm of the original creators will be dampened.

　　Controversy over stem melting frequently occurs.

　　Whether plagiarism is difficult to judge.

　　At the beginning of this year, Ms. Tian of Changchun City, Jilin Province found that her work published on the online platform was "melted", and the name, cover and theme of the other work were highly similar to the original article. "It can be said that it was directly taken down."

　　What makes Ms. Tian even more shocked is that the people who "melt" her works are her fans and often interact with themselves in the comment area. Ms. Tian then confided in the other party privately. At first, the other party denied the "melting stalk", but admitted it after seeing the comparison of the two works made by Ms. Tian.

　　In the end, the result of the negotiation between the two parties was that the other party publicly apologized to Ms. Tian on the publishing platform and put the apology statement on the top. Seeing the apology statement of the other party, Ms. Tian wanted to further defend her rights, but she felt that the work was "broken" and not simply copied.

　　According to the reporter’s investigation, there are frequent disputes about "melting stalks" in current novels, especially online novels.

　　Previously, the work "Fairy Tale Sequel" by the author of a web platform was accused by netizens of "melting stalks" and many other works, including the design of male and female hosts and the key plot points. In the end, Muque tweeted an apology to the author, Ear Dong Rabbit, saying that she had "borrowed too much" in her description. At present, the online platform shows that "Fairy Tale Sequel" is illegal.

　　The reporter searched on major online platforms with the word "melting stalks" and found that many online writers posted that their works were "melting stalks". For the behavior of "melting stalks", the vast majority of authors scoff. One author with millions of fans once wrote an article bluntly: "There are so many core stalks in a text, which person who writes with real skills is not clear? I resolutely resist the situation of melting stalks and copying stalks. I also sincerely hope that all my readers will resist this kind of behavior. This is the protection of the original author. Otherwise originality will die. "

　　For the behavior of "melting stalks", many readers bluntly said that it was "completely unacceptable". Huang Shushu (pseudonym) of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province said: "Compared with plagiarism, ‘ Melt stalks ’ Behavior is more unbearable to some extent. Because word-for-word plagiarism can directly prove it, but it is ‘ Melt stalks ’ It is often difficult for authors to prove themselves, and some ‘ Melt stalks ’ Some people still call it ‘ Learn from ’ Or ‘ Coincidence ’ 。”

　　However, some readers said that they don’t mind whether the novel is "melting". Silent (pseudonym), who went to college in Haidian, Beijing, thinks that "melting stalks" is different from plagiarism, and plagiarism is an imitation of "a large area", while "melting stalks" is only a reference for a small part of the plot. "If ‘ Melt stalks ’ Part is not the core of the work, and it will not affect my perception of the novel. "

　　Xu Yaoming, executive vice president of the Network Literature Research Institute of Central South University, said that "melting stalks" is not a legal term, but an online buzzword. It is generally believed that "melting stalks" refers to the act of collecting the creativity of all parties in the process of online literature creation and borrowing other people’s intellectual achievements in the aspects of character setting and story routine. "Melting stalks" is not completely equivalent to plagiarism in the sense of copyright law, but in practice, "melting stalks" does have a great possibility of infringing copyright.

　　Wang Zhengzhi, a partner of Gawain Law Firm and director of all china lawyers association Intellectual Property Committee, told the reporter that from a legal point of view, "melting stalks" and plagiarism cannot be equated. The word "plagiarism" corresponds to the act of "plagiarizing other people’s works" in the context of copyright law, and the plagiarist should bear legal responsibility. The word "melting stem" is not spoken in French illegally, and the boundary is unknown. The object and degree of "melting stem" may affect the legal evaluation of "melting stem" behavior. "Not all ‘ Melt stalks ’ Acts constitute infringement in copyright law. "

　　During the interview, some network writers said that it is precisely because of the above characteristics of "melting stalks" that "there are hardships".

　　Ms. Yuan, an online writer from Gansu, posted on the social platform that her article was "broken by two big brothers for many times", but she knew that if she worked hard to make a "palette", there was a high probability that the other party would not be sanctioned, and it would "attract other plagiarists to step on it". She told reporters that the writers who were "melted", despite their anger, most of them would not defend their rights and spit on social accounts at most. "Because there is no way ‘ Beat to death ’ The other side, the official also has no ‘ Melt stalks ’ A clear definition, too true, may bring trouble to yourself. "

　　According to the reporter’s investigation, when the author or reader puts forward that a work is suspected of "melting stalks", he usually sends out a "palette" between the original work and the plagiarized work, including the specific release time of the work, the specific scene description in the article, the development context of the story, and the personality setting of the characters in the novel, and compares the similarities or even similarities between the two works one by one.

　　However, many times the "palette" is not convincing enough. Ms. Chen, a citizen of Beijing, has been reading online novels for nearly 10 years, and has also witnessed many online novel writers or readers denouncing them in the form of "palette". She said that the problem of "melting stalks" involves the setting of characters, the background of the story, the trend of the plot, etc. It is difficult to present an overview in one or two sentences. "Some authors ‘ Hammer ’ Others, mixed with a lot of their own opinions and emotions, hang people ‘ Melt stalks ’ Examples of the final rollover are also everywhere. "

　　Strict conditions for infringement

　　It is difficult to protect rights by melting stalks

　　Judging from the investigation, the dispute of "melting stalks" often stays in the online battle between the two sides, and most of them go away. Only a few authors choose to protect their rights through law.

　　In March, 2022, network writer Zuzhan issued a document saying that his case of suing another network writer, Jiu Yuexi’s Xiao Nanfeng, for infringing the copyright of his work Hug You Over Time had been filed. This case is also the first one to go to the litigation stage after the establishment of the anti-plagiarism fund initiated by writer Zhuang Yu.

　　According to the official response of the Anti-Plagiarism Fund, most of the elements in Xiao Nanfeng, including the story background, structure and narrative context, come from Hug You Over Time, and even the characters can correspond to each other one by one, but none of the sentences in the two works are completely coincident. "The descriptions and dialogues of the sentences in the closest situation are also slightly different."

　　According to lawyer Yue Shenshan, a member of the Anti-Plagiarism Fund Management Committee, after four months, the Anti-Plagiarism Fund invited experts and college student volunteers to read and compare the two works, and decided to give assistance on the basis of summarizing the reading reports issued by the volunteers who participated in the reading comparison. At present, the case has been heard twice.

　　What is the difficulty of judicial rights protection in the dispute of "melting stalks"?

　　Wang Zhengzhi believes that, on the one hand, novels accused of "melting stalks" are often popular works, and defenders will face great public pressure to resort to legal channels. On the other hand, if we resort to the law, the judicial determination of the infringement of literary works is still unclear, and there are great differences between cases; Even if the case is won, the amount of compensation is often out of proportion to the time and energy invested.

　　In Xu Yaoming’s view, in addition to the high litigation cost, the difficulty in determining the nature of infringement has greatly lengthened the trial cycle of such "advanced plagiarism" cases, and at the same time tested the professional standards of plaintiff lawyers and judges.

　　According to public information, in 2019, the Chaoyang District People’s Court of Beijing made a judgment on the plagiarism case of 12 writers v. Splendid Weiyang. The first instance found that the plagiarism was established, and ordered the defendant Zhou Jing (pen name Qin Jian) to immediately stop the copying, distribution and online communication of the novel Splendid Weiyang from the effective date of the judgment, and compensate the plaintiff for economic losses. There are many places in the novel "Splendid Weiyang" that directly copy the original texts of other novels, and some of the contents are accused of "melting stalks", but the expression is "cleverly" re-created. After the dust settled in this case, many netizens sighed with emotion: "‘ Melt stalks ’ Finally, I have the hope of identifying plagiarism. "

　　Xie Yujia, a judge of the Intellectual Property Court of Chaoyang Court, said that when the specific expression of the originality of the right work and the accused work is substantially similar, the court may consider that the accused work constitutes infringement. First of all, we need to confirm the samples for comparison, that is, the specific expression parts of the right works and the accused works. If the relationship between characters and the setting of specific plots are rich enough, they can be regarded as concrete expressions. "Copyright does not protect ideas. Only when the concrete expressions are substantially similar can it be regarded as copyright infringement."

　　Xie Yujia said that the difficulty in identifying the infringement of "Ronggeng" works lies in the distinction between adaptation and reasonable reference. Adaptation, that is, on the basis of the original work, produces a new deductive work through its own creative activities. Although the author of the adapted work has also paid creative labor, it is an infringement without the permission of the original author. Drawing lessons may refer to the act of simply using the ideas of the right works instead of expressing them, or it may refer to rational use.

　　"Ideological reference does not involve the original achievements of works that infringe rights, and it is usually not considered as copyright infringement. However, whether the specific expression of reference constitutes infringement depends on the proportion of reference content. The consideration of this ratio should not only be considered quantitatively, but also from the perspective of the importance of learning from the content and the originality of expression, that is, the qualitative dimension. The evaluation criteria need to be analyzed in combination with specific cases. " Xie Yujia said.

　　Take relevant cases as guidance.

　　Properly protect original works

　　According to Xu Yaoming, in recent years, the number of cases involving "advanced plagiarism" has increased. In June this year, the Network Literature Research Institute of Central South University and Hubei Copyright Protection Association published "Ten Typical Judicial Cases of Copyright Protection of Online Literature in China in 2022", which included two cases involving novel plagiarism.

　　In the case of copyright infringement between Zhu Ruyue and a publishing company limited, Luo Mou and a publishing media group limited, Zhu Ruyue believed that the first to ninth chapters in The Legend of Hailanzhu were the creation of the novel "Walking Alone in the World", and plagiarized in 17 main plots, 10 general plots and many sentences, so he sued the court. After trial, the court held that judging from the similar main plot, general plot and sentence length of the two works, it is not within reasonable limits to combine the overall expression ratio of the works. Luo and a publishing company were sentenced to stop publishing infringing books, apologize and compensate economic losses (including reasonable expenses for rights protection) of 70,000 yuan.

　　The reporter combed the public information and found that the author accused of "melting stalks" often argued that it did not constitute plagiarism on the grounds that "similar content and plot belong to the public domain material category or customary expression".

　　In this regard, Xie Yujia explained with cases that in literary works, it usually involves the identification of "specific situation", "limited expression" and "public domain material". When considering whether the works and contents formed on the basis of using specific situations, limited expressions and public domain materials are protected by copyright law, we should focus on judging whether the author has added original wisdom expressions to give original meaning to related achievements. If the content of the relevant work is enough to be regarded as a concrete expression, the burden of proof lies with the defendant as to whether it belongs to a specific situation or not.

　　Wang Zhengzhi believes that for the new phenomenon in the field of literary creation, the past methods of infringement judgment are facing many difficulties in application, and the court urgently needs to explore and form appropriate judgment rules and methods to accurately identify the behavior of "melting stalks" in specific circumstances, which can neither make the author unreasonably monopolize the public domain elements, nor make the word "melting stalks" an excuse for plagiarists to evade legal responsibility, and make legal weapons a reliable way for original authors to protect their rights, so that plagiarists dare not use "melting stalks" as an excuse.

　　In Xu Yaoming’s view, the existence of the dispute of "melting stalks" is in the final analysis the existence of plagiarism. Plagiarism in online literature should be tackled from the source, that is, the original platform of online literature should earnestly shoulder the responsibility, strengthen the examination of online novels, and provide a harmonious and healthy atmosphere for writers and readers at the platform level. With the deep application of artificial intelligence, big data and algorithms in the field of copyright protection, it is expected to strengthen source governance through technical means in the future. At the same time, the state and relevant departments should do a good job in legislative norms and guidance, and take measures to ban the bad network authors who have repeatedly involved plagiarism.

　　Yue Shenshan believes that there should be a dividing line between "melting stalks" and plagiarism, and plagiarism can be recognized beyond this line. However, due to the particularity of literary and artistic creation and the lag of law, there is no such clear distinction standard in the field of copyright infringement. The anti-plagiarism special fund also hopes to popularize copyright-related knowledge and advocate public respect for copyright and intellectual copyright by helping and dismantling some typical cases.

　　Xie Yujia told reporters that in recent years, the courts have strictly implemented measures related to intellectual property protection, increased compensation for infringement damages, actively studied and handled new types of cases, and effectively protected the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners. "Under the new industrial changes and the rapid development of the digital economy, new problems in the field of copyright emerge one after another. We will continue to improve the trial level of copyright disputes through the summary of case adjudication experience. "　

FISU Football World Cup： Beijing Normal University Women’s Team Won the Championship

This photo shows the women’s football team of Beijing Normal University in WeChat official account.

The 2023 FISU Football World Cup ended in Jinjiang, Fujian on October 31st, and the men’s team of paulista University in Brazil and the women’s team of Beijing Normal University won the men’s team and the women’s team respectively.

The men’s and women’s finals were held on October 31st. In the first women’s final, the women’s team of Beijing Normal University played against the women’s team of paulista University in Brazil. After the two sides scored twice in the regular time, they made no achievements, and the game entered a penalty shootout. In the end, the women’s team of Beijing Normal University scored five penalty kicks, defeating their opponents with a total score of 7:6 and winning the championship.

In the men’s final, a penalty shootout was staged again, and the men’s team of paulista University in Brazil and the Ukrainian National University of Economics and Business competed fiercely. The two sides drew 1:1 at regular time, and drew a blank in overtime. Finally, the men’s team of paulista University of Brazil won the men’s team championship with a total score of 7:6 after a penalty shootout.

In the third-place battle held on the same day, the men’s team of the University of Uruguay and the women’s team of Bordeaux University of France beat their respective opponents and won the third place in the men’s team and the women’s team respectively.

Another China team, Hohai University Men’s Team, finished eighth in the men’s team, up five places from the last competition.

The FISU Football World Cup is held every two years, and this year is the second. The first four events were held in Jinjiang.

Real estate stands at the crossroads of bull market, and industry integration ＂capital is king＂

Special topic: picture channel

　　(Source: china securities journal Illustration/Wang Jianhua)

　　　　This is the best time. After 10 years of formation, the real estate industry in China has been climbing the peak of prosperity and prosperity. This is also an era full of variables. In a "rising" sound, the real estate industry has become one of the main targets of macro-control. Under the background of tight monetary policy, the turning point of "true and illusory" industry is "looming".

　　　　After the controversial year of 2007, the real estate industry will usher in a more variable year of 2008, and the long and short differences on this industry will become more and more obvious. However, standing at the crossroads of the bull market, some basic destiny can still be grasped.

　　　　Under the influence of wealth growth, demographic dividend and the continuous appreciation of RMB, the real estate boom is expected to be maintained in the next two to three years. At the same time, with the construction of housing security system and the gradual emergence of the effect of credit tightening policy, the contradiction between supply and demand in the real estate market is expected to be alleviated.

　　　　It can be predicted that in the future, the development model of over-reliance on land and financial resources will be unsustainable. Along the "Capital Roadmap", industry integration will be further developed, and various factor resources will be concentrated in enterprises with high operational efficiency.

　　Tightening credit curbs excessive demand.

　　　　If we say that the real estate regulation and control policies in 2005 and 2006 were based on "shrinking supply and restraining demand", then this year’s intensive new regulation and control policies regard "balancing supply and demand" as the first goal of the policy. Among them, the policy orientation of restraining excessive demand, especially investment demand, has been continued.

　　　　In 2007, the People’s Bank of China raised the deposit and loan interest rates six times, and the benchmark interest rate for one-year loans has been raised to 7.47%. In addition, the reserve ratio was raised to 14.5% 10 times, the highest level in more than 20 years. The rate hike and the frequency of reserve increase are rare in recent years.

　　　　In September, the central bank introduced a new policy for second homes to tighten mortgages. In December, the central bank issued a supplementary notice, and the second home loan was strictly defined on a household basis.

　　　　Hua Changjin, a researcher at GF Securities, believes that the new mortgage policy will curb the demand for improving living conditions in the current market, and the demand for investment speculation will also be curbed.

　　　　Experts in the industry explained that the buyers of the second suite are mainly middle-and high-income groups, and they mainly buy houses by investment and upgrading home ownership. At present, this part of demand undoubtedly accounts for a large proportion. When the credit conditions are loose, this demand will be gradually enlarged in the form of "margin trading".

　　　　However, at the current high price, the increase of down payment ratio and interest rate, as well as the corresponding monetary tightening policy, will increase the risk of investing in real estate, so the demand for this part of the house will gradually decline. In addition, the increasing interest burden has become another important cost factor for buyers, which has led them to delay the upgrading of home ownership.

　　　　The data shows that since the second half of this year, although real estate prices in first-tier cities have continued to rise, the transaction volume has shrunk dramatically. By the end of the year, the real estate market has fallen into a rare situation in recent years, and prices have begun to loosen. Market analysts pointed out that the local and structural decline in housing prices in the real estate market is a response to the squeeze on excessive investment and speculative demand.

　　　　Zhu Zhongyi, secretary-general of China Real Estate Association, said that the contradiction between the overall supply and demand of the real estate market still exists, so reducing investment demand will help ease the pressure of rising house prices.

　　Housing security points to effective supply.

　　　　Undeniably, China, which is in the process of urbanization, has to face the reality of rigid housing demand and land supply constraints. Therefore, the tight supply and demand is a real situation to a great extent.

　　　　The research shows that according to the per capita residential building area of 27 square meters at the end of 2006 and the compound growth rate of the national urban population of 3.28% from 2003 to 2006, there will be a demand gap of 510 million square meters of urban housing in China every year.

　　　　However, the rise in asset prices caused by abundant liquidity is undoubtedly the accumulation of "bubbles" on this "truth".

　　　　The housing problem concerns people’s livelihood. This year, China’s housing security construction has taken substantial steps. In August, the release of "Several Opinions of the State Council on Solving the Housing Difficulties of Urban Low-income Families" and the convening of the National Urban Housing Work Conference conveyed the strongest voice in the history of China’s high-level supervision of housing security.

　　　　Near the end of the year, the Ministry of Construction, together with several ministries and commissions, successively issued two important documents, namely, Measures for the Protection of Low-rent Housing and Measures for the Management of Economically Affordable Housing, in order to implement the State Council’s spirit of housing security.

　　　　The insiders believe that with the gradual construction of the housing security system, the housing problems of low-and middle-income people and wealthy people will no longer be intertwined, and a large part of the demand will no longer be met through the commercial housing market. At the same time, the clarification of housing demand at different levels is helpful to guide the structural adjustment of housing supply.

　　　　"The calculation of the gap between supply and demand in the real estate market in the future will no longer be based on the overall urban population base in the process of urbanization, which will effectively alleviate the shortage of supply and demand." An official from the Housing and Real Estate Department of the Ministry of Construction said.

　　　　As a "sandwich" middle-income group, their housing problem is also a real estate regulation need to be considered. Nie Meisheng, president of the Real Estate Chamber of Commerce of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, believes that the "two-limited housing" being introduced in various places can solve the problem that some "sandwich floors" cannot afford housing.

　　　　In October this year, the Ministry of Land and Resources requested that "in the future, the total annual supply of low-rent housing, affordable housing and low-priced, small and medium-sized ordinary commodity housing construction land shall not be less than 70% of the total residential supply." Industry experts pointed out that with the change of land supply orientation, the housing of middle-income groups will inevitably be connected with "effective supply".

　　Market differentiation continues to write capital stories

　　　　Whether it is "enclosure" or "circling money", the real estate industry tells the story that "capital is king". Therefore, to balance supply and demand as the first point of all-round regulation, on the one hand, to build housing security based on the long-term, on the other hand, to tighten credit to curb demand to solve recent worries, which will undoubtedly accelerate the differentiation of the real estate industry. Under the guidance of capital, various factor resources will converge to enterprises with high operational efficiency.

　　　　A senior person in the industry pointed out that due to the loose credit environment in recent years, the "days" of real estate enterprises are better. Industry concentration did not rise with the boom. Statistics show that there are 50,000 to 60,000 real estate enterprises in China, and there are 30,000 to 40,000 when there are few, and the market share of the top five is less than 5%.

　　　　However, under the background of stricter regulation and tight monetary policy, not all real estate enterprises can obtain sufficient cash flow, and enterprises with tight capital chains will probably be eliminated in mergers and acquisitions, and the market pricing power will also be increasingly concentrated.

　　　　Wang Shi, chairman of Vanke Company, believes that it is a good thing that industry resources are concentrated in advantageous companies. On the one hand, it can reduce idle land, on the other hand, the rights and interests of buyers can be better protected.

　　　　Financial experts pointed out that a key indicator reflecting the operational efficiency is the capital turnover rate. For real estate enterprises, the capital turnover rate is directly proportional to the land development rate. In other words, if the industry factor resources are concentrated in enterprises with high operational efficiency, it will be conducive to the speed of land development and reduce the occurrence of "hoarding land" and "covering up the market".

　　　　The efficiency of capital operation is one side of the coin, and the ability of continuous financing is the other side. After the "faucet" of credit is gradually tightened, the capital market will become a more important "water source". Since the beginning of this year, many real estate enterprises have either issued additional shares or listed on the backdoor. WIND data shows that from January to November this year, real estate listed companies raised a total of 34.6276 billion yuan through additional issuance, an increase of 145.61% over the same period last year.

　　　　It can be predicted that the overall prosperity of the real estate industry will not be reversed if the capital market still maintains smooth channels for financing high-quality companies. If there is an unbalanced allocation of capital after the credit tightening, the right to speak in the real estate industry will also shift. This is not necessarily an improvement for the current real estate industry. (Reporter Lin? )

Editor: Yu Qingqing

Ten things a woman should stick to in her life (worth collecting)

Text | Bu er da Shu

Source: Uncle Buer (ID: dashu 259)

For the rest of your life, don’t care too much about others, but care more about yourself.

Stay single

The writer Meiya once said: Singleness refers to the ability to remain single even if you get married and have a lifelong partner.

To put it simply, women should have their own social circle, stable income and independent spiritual world at any time. Even if they have to leave each other one day, they can live a good life.

Yes, a woman’s single power is the highest charm in marriage.

You can put it away freely, you can stick to it if you want, and you can be independent if you want to be independent. With the power of being single, you can live freely for the rest of your life.

Don’t care too much about other people’s comments.

There’s a saying, it’s hard to talk for a long time. You don’t need to explain what you know, and it’s useless to explain what you don’t know.

Yes, sometimes, we are often sad because we care too much about what others say about you and pay too much attention to what we shouldn’t.pay close attentionOn the negative things.

The philosophy emperor Mark Aurelius once wrote:

Focus on building your own spiritual world, cancelpay close attentionRain or shine in other people’s moods will bring them closer to happiness.

People’s true self-confidence begins with never caring about other people’s comments.

So, for the rest of your life, don’t care too much about others, but care more about yourself.

Stick to a hobby

There is a saying in The Art of Screenplay:

"Everyone needs a way to release their natural creativity. You don’t know where your hobby will eventually lead you. "

The implication is that hobbies make your life infinite.

Insisting on writing, reading, practicing calligraphy, or studying a plant may make you an expert in this field, strive to improve yourself and cultivate your hobbies.

But I don’t insist on hobbies for quick success and instant benefit. I just say that with a hobby, at least, I can get some timely and happy enjoyment in a desert and boring society.

Life is full only if you have hobbies.

Love yourself first, then love others

Girls always pay the most in love, but in the end, they hurt the most.

There is nothing wrong with being kind to a person, but you must know that you should learn to put away some of your heart and give it to yourself, take out your own bottom line and principles appropriately, and don’t be too tolerant or too wronged, so that you can be regarded more seriously.

You must know that only after you love yourself first and make yourself better can you meet better people.

Do not please, do not rely on

When I was young, I was often told that if you are good to others, others will be good to you. Later, I gradually developed a flattering personality, but in the end, I found that the truth of life is far more cruel than I thought.

Your flattery is getting worse, your dependence is getting worse, and you are not taken seriously.

In fact, a woman’s best living condition is that she can be an independent and powerful woman all the time without mistreating every enthusiasm and ingratiating herself with any indifference.

Skin care becomes beautiful

I have to admit that age is still cruel to women.

But smart women should understand that with the improvement of contemporary young people’s aesthetics, any elegant and comfortable woman has the characteristics of cleanliness, neatness and vitality.

No one likes being sloppy, and no one likes to go to work with a big oil head. I still hope you love yourself more.

Adhere to basic skin care, exercise and fitness, buy comfortable clothes, and make yourself beautiful, so that your mood will be beautiful.

But don’t confuse the purpose of women’s beauty. It is not to please others, but to please themselves.

Know how to stop loss in time

Whether it is love, life or work, if you choose the wrong direction, you should turn around in time and stop the loss in time.

Don’t give yourself a hard time, people will always encounter all kinds of setbacks in this life, and it is very important to learn to stop losses in time.

Although there will be regrets, the stop loss is short-lived. There is a saying that long pain is better than short pain, which is the truth.

Sometimes, stop loss in time is to give yourself a chance to survive, and sometimes, it is to turn to a broader life.

Smart women all know that to live like water, you should turn to the flow if you can’t walk ahead, and don’t live like a stone, which breaks into stone slag when you hit the ground.

Exercise for half an hour every day

There is a saying that good health is the first way to have a good life; There is an old saying that health is the capital of revolution.

Nowadays, young people often work overtime for work, and their health has already shown sub-health. Some people go home and look at their mobile phones and brush the news. However, the temporary refreshment can’t bring you substantial benefits.

If you are lazy for comfort now, you will put more pressure on your body in the future. Why don’t you take advantage of this time to keep exercising for half an hour, and after a week, you will find that you have greatly improved both physically and mentally, and the whole person looks refreshed.

After all, life with exercise and without exercise is really different.

Don’t waste your time on rubbish.

In this life, people will always meet all kinds of people. If there are good people, there will be garbage people.

In this life, people will always encounter all kinds of things, including good things and garbage.

But time is fixed and fair, and it is even more precious. When you encounter garbage people or garbage things, don’t entangle. If you entangle, you will waste your life and get unlucky.

You should know that some people and things are doomed to be unsatisfactory. Instead of pestering waste, it is better to end it as soon as possible to achieve another wonderful life.

Look forward to the future

What people fear most is to lose hope, and what people are happiest is to look forward to the future.

Only when there is hope for the future, are you willing to expand a more exciting life.

Having no desire and no desire, and going with the flow, you made a compromise to life early, and it seems that you no longer have expectations. It took a long time to understand that the lack of expectations and the lack of efforts at the beginning are the chief culprits that lead to mediocrity now.

People still have to look forward to life. As long as we don’t forget to give ourselves a hope every day, we will certainly have a rich life.

Come on!

Author:Uncle Buer, a single and beautiful uncle who combines reason and emotion, is funny and warm-hearted, and focuses on weaving girls’ dreams at night.WeChat Official Account: Uncle Buer, ID: dashu259. uncleWeChat: dashu8615, welcome to Liao.

Responsible editor x Xiao Miao duty editor x Xiao Ai

If you don’t understand these principles of scientific movement, no amount of exercise will be in vain.

I know that exercise is very important for health, but every exercise can’t last long. Am I not suitable for exercise at all?

Scientific exercise can not only effectively improve cardiopulmonary function, promote human metabolism, but also promote people’s physical and mental health. Combining with your own situation and following the principle of scientific movement, you can definitely do it ~

How can I find a sport that suits me?

Before you plan to exercise, for your safety, you can do the following physical activity preparation questionnaire first.

Physical activity preparation questionnaire

one

Did the doctor tell you that you have a heart disease or can only take part in physical activities recommended by the doctor?

When you do physical activities or exercise, have you ever felt chest pain or severe breathlessness?

three

Since last month, have you ever felt chest pain or severe breathlessness when you didn’t take part in physical activity or exercise?

four

In the past 6 months, when you were doing physical activities or sports, did you ever fall down or lose consciousness because of dizziness?

five

Do you have any bone or joint pain or dysfunction aggravated by physical activity or exercise?

six

Did the doctor tell you that your blood pressure is over 180／110mmHg?

Note: This questionnaire was established by the research group of Professor Wang Zhengzhen of Beijing Sport University with reference to relevant information. It is suitable for people aged 15-69, and people over 69 should consult their doctors before doing fitness activities.

Tips

If you answer "Yes" to any of the above questions,

Please stop taking part in this fitness exercise and pay attention to:

(1) Consult a doctor before taking part in the fitness program, and explain which question in the questionnaire is answered as "Yes";

(2) Take part in fitness activities step by step, gradually adapt, the intensity of exercise should not be too large, and the time should not be too long;

(3) You can restart the fitness mode that has been proved to be safe;

(4) You can also participate in activities recommended by doctors or activities allowed by doctors;

(5) timely use of necessary medication.

If you answer "No" to all the above questions,

You can continue to do fitness exercises,

But please note:

(1) Take part in a large amount of exercise or exercise intensity exercise step by step to avoid excessive fatigue;

(2) Take part in further health evaluation, and make the best fitness plan accordingly.

In recent years, with the in-depth implementation of national fitness, people’s participation has been continuously improved, and "more exercise and less illness" has increasingly become a social consensus. What are the important principles of the scientific movement? How to avoid sports risks? Look down ~

Late-night exercise is extreme

In fact, when to exercise has little influence on the fitness effect. From the factors that affect the fitness effect, the key is that the exercise load should match the physical health of the individual.

However, sweating exercise in the middle of the night when you should be sleeping may be a reduction in your health. Because it may disturb the biological rhythm.

For office workers, it is more appropriate to squeeze out 30 minutes to 1 hour for exercise before dinner after work. If you occasionally work late under special circumstances, such as getting off work at 10 o’clock in the evening, and you really want to exercise, it is recommended to take a light activity for 30 minutes and sweat.

Exercise is systematic and long-term. If you don’t exercise one day, you can continue to exercise later. It is not necessary or encouraged to exercise late at night.

Choose a sports environment according to the weather

Don’t exercise in cold, hot, high humidity, strong wind, polluted and radioactive environment;

The temperature difference between spring and autumn is large, and the temperature is low in the morning and evening. Pay attention to the influence of temperature and wind when exercising;

Exercise in summer should guard against heatstroke;

If there are special circumstances such as smog and sudden drop in temperature in winter, it is not recommended to do outdoor sports.

Basic principles of scientific movement

Safety principle

It is very important to do warm-up activities before exercise and stretching exercises after exercise, but the latter is often ignored by many people. During exercise, human muscles constantly contract and exert their strength, and their elasticity decreases. If they don’t stretch for a long time after exercise, these problems may be brought about: local inflammatory factors and metabolic wastes can’t be discharged, which leads to increased fatigue and slow recovery; The next training with fatigue will increase the risk of injury and induce sports injuries such as "running knee".

Studies have confirmed that stretching after exercise helps to relax muscles and improve muscle elasticity, which is one of the "magic weapons" to reduce sports injuries. Stretching practice time should be at least 10 minutes, or about 1/3 of the duration of exercise.

Principle of comprehensiveness

Different types of exercise will bring different fitness effects, and the exercise style is better, including aerobic exercise, strength training and flexibility training.

Aerobic exercise can make people’s heart and lung function better, and it also directly affects the activity ability of the whole body organs;

Strength training helps to improve muscle strength and avoid problems in daily activities such as walking, running and jumping caused by insufficient strength;

Flexibility training is stretching exercise, which can improve the stretching ability of muscles and effectively prevent sports injuries.

Accuracy principle

As long as the fitness action standard and exercise load are reasonable, sports injuries can basically be avoided. The "fake" action of posing, not exerting force and nonstandard "wrong" action are the main causes of sports injury accidents.

For example, "sit-ups with your head in your arms" is a typical nonstandard movement, which may lead to sports injuries. If your hands are lightly placed behind your head or on your ears or chest, you should mainly use your abdomen to pull your trunk, instead of using your hands and head, which is not harmful, but also can exercise your core muscles well.

Principle of gradual progress

The frequency of exercise varies from person to person. Generally speaking, you should exercise at least three times a week, and it is best to gradually increase it to five times a week to ensure the fitness effect.

No matter what your physical fitness level is, you should do what you can when exercising, and you can’t ignore the signals sent by your body.

If you have dizziness, dizziness, chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath, palpitation, vomiting and other symptoms during exercise, you should stop exercising immediately and seek medical advice in time. If you have persistent and obvious fatigue after exercise, you should appropriately reduce the exercise time or times. When you feel in good physical condition, you can also exercise for a while.

Perseverance principle

To achieve good fitness results, it is essential to participate in sports persistently.

It is suggested that according to one’s physical health and sports ability, an achievable exercise goal should be established and a feasible exercise plan should be made. Work and rest should be combined in life to avoid giving up the exercise plan because of being too busy or too tired; We should understand sports from the height of "exercise is a part of life" and stick to it for a long time.

Transfer from: People’s Daily Online

Source: National Healthy Lifestyle Action

What is ＂history＂？ What is ＂history＂？

"History" in Chinese is both "old" and "new".

To say "old" is that some old scholars believe that the "History of the Three Kingdoms" annotated by Pei Songzhi is the source of the word "history".

His Biography of Master Wu records that Zhao Zi was an ambassador to Wei, and he was eloquent and convinced Wei Wendi Cao Pi. In the Note, Pei Songzhi elaborated on Zhao Zi’s response, saying, "The prince of Wu floats on the river with a million ships; Ren Xian can make use of his abilities, and he will keep his mind on the classics. Although I have spare time, I read a lot of books, collect historical records, adopt strange things, and it doesn’t work for scholars to find chapters and extract sentences.

Accordingly, the earliest "history" means "browsing historical records".

When we say "new", it is from the Ming Dynasty that "history" has a new meaning.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Yuan Lefan, a great scholar, wrote A Supplement to the Outline of History. Its "history" means "historical records".

In modern times, the meaning of "history" has changed again.

About the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese reprinted A Supplement to the Outline of History, which was widely circulated in China. Its version was introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty, which made the word "history" widely accepted. At this time, the meaning of "history" is similar to that of "words and things recorded in ancient books" in Chinese "history"

The Chinese character "calendar" is a simplified character, which has three traditional Chinese characters-"calendar" and "calendar", which is generally considered to be universal.

In fact, there are subtle differences in mutual meaning. What is connected with history should be "Guan", which means "through", "through", "universal" and "ranking".

Therefore, the ancients used the word "中中" to match "history".

The original meaning of "history" is official position, "holding in the hand", pictographic and knowing, indicating that "historian" is upright, and later extended to mean "what happened in a certain time and space in the past".

Now, if you ask what "history" is, it actually means this-"All the past is history".

In the west, for example, English "history" originally means "telling stories", and later it has the same meaning as Chinese "history"-"all the past is history".

Specifically, the meaning of the word "history" in modern times is divided into two levels.

The first level is "objective history", that is, what happened in the past.

In "objective history", it includes "broad history" and "narrow history".

"Generalized history" refers to the objective process of the movement and change of everything that exists objectively. Generally speaking, it includes natural history and social history.

For example, "the history of the universe" is all the "past" courses that the vast universe has experienced-whether people can recognize and understand it or not. This belongs to "natural history".

For another example, "human history" is all the "past" courses of the species "man" since its formation-no matter how much people have figured out. People have a society, which is "social history".

"Social history" or "human history" refers to the objective process of movement and change of human society from the beginning, which is usually called "narrow sense history".

"Human History" is the research object of "Anthropology" and "Anthropology Archaeology". "Social history" is the main research object of "history" and "sociology".

In addition, "narrow sense history" also refers to the history of the development and change of some objective things.

For example, the objective history of the development and change of the earth’s "biology" is the object of "biology" research; For example, the objective history of the earth’s "geography" changes is the research object of "geology" and "historical geography", and so on.

The second level is "historical theory", that is, human’s subjective cognition of objective "broad history" and "narrow history".

This kind of cognition, or covers a wide range, or the perspective is extremely concentrated.

For example, there is a great history written by Ming Xu recently in China, with the subtitle from the origin of the universe to human civilization and the English title of BIG HISITORY.

There is also a great history of everything written by David Christian, the pioneer of the Great History School abroad, with the English title A Big History of Everything.

However, other historical works in a narrow sense have a very concentrated perspective, such as "A certain dynastic history", "China iron history", "Medieval costume history" and "Xiongnu history", and so on.

Since the "historical theory" is people’s subjective cognition, firstly, the authenticity and total bias of the narrative are closely related to the author’s vision, position, materials and materials, which are bound to be limited by the times; Second, even if we take a realistic attitude towards "objective history", it is bound to be a process of approaching "historical truth" and the complicated reasons behind it.

What is "history"? It is the "historical truth" of all "objective history"

The purpose of human cognition of "objective history" lies in more, more complete, more detailed and truly understanding of "historical truth" and drawing regular knowledge from it.

As for the so-called "history is a little girl dressed for everyone", as Hu Shi, the well-known originator of China, said, including the German Nazi Piper’s saying that "history is written by winners" and so on, all of which can be attributed to the typical idealistic view of history, so there is no need to talk more.

# History in ancient books #

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