Beijing, April 14 (Reporter Jing Wong) Employment is of great significance to the disabled, which is not only the main way for them to solve their survival problems, but also an important way for them to gain social recognition, realize their self-worth and integrate into society. Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Three-year Action Plan for Promoting the Employment of Disabled Persons (2022-2024)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan"), which made arrangements for realizing the employment goal of disabled persons in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period.
The reporter found out that the Action Plan has made many breakthroughs in promoting the employment of the disabled, including detailed measures taken by organs, institutions and state-owned enterprises to take the lead in arranging the employment of the disabled. "On the whole, the problem of employment difficulties and low quality of employment for disabled people is still outstanding." Yang Lixiong, vice president and professor of the Institute for the Development of Disabled Persons of Renmin University of China, said that the introduction of the Action Plan under this background is of great significance to promoting the employment of disabled persons.
Data Map: On April 8, 2021, in the Social Welfare Center of Feidong County, Hefei City, Anhui Province, the students of the disabled moxibustion training class were practicing the basic skills of moxibustion and arm strength and wrist strength with iron bars (Source: CFP).
Current situation: There are still more than 8 million disabled people with employment age who have not achieved employment.
At present, the employment of disabled people has entered a new stage of development. Cheng Kai, vice chairman of China Disabled Persons’ Federation, said that employment is the key to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation for disabled people, improve their lives and help them move towards common prosperity.
Therefore, this Action Plan proposes: from 2022 to 2024, a total of 1 million people with disabilities will be employed in urban and rural areas across the country, the employment and entrepreneurship ability of disabled people will continue to improve, the employment rights and interests of disabled people will be better protected, and a good social environment for understanding, caring and supporting disabled people’s employment and entrepreneurship will be promoted.
In fact, the proposal of this goal has long been arranged.
The 14th Five-Year Plan for the Protection and Development of Disabled Persons, published in July 2021, put forward specific quantitative targets in the form of the State Council document for the first time, and made it clear that by 2025, party and government organs at the provincial, prefectural and municipal levels with more than 50 employees will arrange at least one disabled person, and institutions with more than 67 employees (except primary and secondary schools and kindergartens) will arrange at least one disabled person. At the same time, it is emphasized that by 2025, a multi-form employment support system for the disabled will be basically formed, and the disabled will achieve full and high-quality employment.
Now, there are still three years from this point in time, and the Action Plan has come into being.
However, it is quite challenging to accomplish the above-mentioned goal of "creating one million jobs in three years". "In particular, there are still more than 8 million disabled people with employment age who have not achieved employment, of which severely disabled people, mentally and mentally disabled people, and disabled people with junior high school education or below account for the vast majority." On 13th, Yu Jiadong, Vice Minister of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said at the deployment meeting of the three-year action to promote the employment of the disabled.
According to the reporter’s understanding, even the disabled who have achieved employment are mainly concentrated in the secondary labor market, showing the employment characteristics of "two lows and two differences", that is, the career threshold is low and the salary level is low; Poor labor protection and poor employment stability. Yang Lixiong said that according to the data of the China Disabled Persons’ Federation, from 2016 to 2020, the number of people with disabilities in concentrated employment and the number of people engaged in "planting, raising and adding" in rural areas decreased year by year, while the number of people in proportional employment, public welfare and auxiliary employment increased slightly, while the number of flexible employees (including entrepreneurship, individual employment, community employment, home employment, etc.) rose rapidly, and now it has occupied a large proportion of the disabled employees.
Breakthrough: Require government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises to take the lead in arranging employment for the disabled.
The reporter noted that in the Action Plan to promote the employment of the disabled, it is also proposed that ten specific actions will be implemented within three years, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other departments also made work arrangements for this on the 13th. "To achieve the goal of the action plan, we first require government agencies, institutions and state-owned enterprises to take the lead in arranging employment for the disabled. This is not only an important way, but also a strong demonstration and leading role." Cheng Kai said.
In the nearly 5,000-word "Action Plan", the first part details the measures taken by organs, institutions and state-owned enterprises to take the lead in arranging employment for the disabled. These measures include: establishing a publicity system for disabled employment units; Incorporate state-owned enterprises’ placement of disabled people into corporate social responsibility reports; A certain proportion of newly-added community public service points will be reserved to arrange employment for the disabled, and the requirements for the number and spacing of tobacco products retail points will be appropriately relaxed.
In view of the main difficulties and problems in the employment of the disabled, in the process of formulating the Action Plan, it was decided that the focus would no longer be on the introduction of new support policies, but the implementation of policies would be the key, and efforts would be made to concretize and act the support policies, increase the operability of various policies, and at the same time, increase the publicity of policies, and clarify various guarantee conditions for policy implementation.
In addition, in recent years, private enterprises have taken the lead in the new employment pattern, forming a number of head enterprises, which have great potential advantages in attracting the employment of disabled people. To this end, the "Action Plan" will include "private enterprises helping the disabled to find jobs" as one of the ten measures, organize new employment forms such as head platforms, e-commerce and express delivery, and recruit disabled people in a targeted manner; At the same time, the government has strengthened the policy support for private enterprises to resettle the disabled, and given more support to the disabled in platform employment and self-employment.
Cheng Kai explained to reporters that the above measures will not only help improve the enthusiasm of private enterprises to attract the employment of the disabled, but also stimulate the entrepreneurial motivation of the disabled and expand the employment channels for the disabled.
Focus: Develop new forms of employment for the blind through multiple channels according to special needs.
In real life, the employment difficulties of different types or groups of disabilities are different. It is worth mentioning that the Action Plan also puts forward personalized support measures for the special needs of key employment groups of the disabled.
For the disabled with employment difficulties, it is required that the "Sunshine Home", "Home for the Disabled" care institutions for the disabled and vocational rehabilitation institutions for the disabled established in various places carry out auxiliary employment; For rural disabled people, measures such as supporting employment assistance workshops and employment bases for rural disabled people, carrying out practical technical training in rural areas, cooperation between the east and the west, and fixed-point assistance from the central unit are taken to improve the employment quality of disabled people.
For disabled college students, through the establishment of "one person, one policy" employment service account and the development of "one-on-one" accurate service, the employment ratio of disabled people will be improved; We will implement massage for the blind to promote employment, develop new forms of employment for the blind through multiple channels, and improve the employment level of the blind as a whole.
Li Fei, Minister of Social Services of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, said that next, private educational institutions should be encouraged to develop special employment training programs for the disabled in line with market demand. Encourage private vocational colleges and private enterprises to build and share public training bases, expand the training platform for disabled employees, and continuously expand the coverage of training for disabled employees.
Wang Peng, first-class inspector of Information and Communication Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that the communication administrations of the provincial industrial and information authorities should guide platforms, enterprises and e-commerce companies with the ability and conditions to implement the requirements of the Action Plan in light of local conditions, and focus on developing special employment channels to directly provide jobs for the disabled. For disabled people who are employed and start businesses on the platform, the fees for joining and value-added services should be appropriately reduced to reduce the burden of employment and start businesses for disabled people.
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