分类归档 fun

　　Nanfang Daily News (Reporter/Theway Intern/Yan Tiantian) Since June this year, when a boy was killed by falling from a window in a residential area in Futian, Shenzhen, the problem of falling objects and throwing objects continued to ferment in the workshop, which attracted great attention from all parties. A few days ago, the academic salon "Safety Precautions against Falling Objects in Shenzhen" hosted by Shenzhen Social Science Federation and undertaken by Mahong Foundation was held. Industry insiders suggested that Shenzhen should formulate anti-falling objects measures in the building design stage to block hidden dangers from the source. At the same time, scientific and technological means should be introduced to supervise falling objects and parabolic objects, and the investigation of potential safety hazards should be intensified.

　　"More than 20% of falling objects are man-made"

　　In June this year, the incident of a boy falling from a window in Futian, Shenzhen, caused national concern. Last week, the compensation plan was disclosed, and the owner and tenant compensated 1.8 million yuan and 200,000 yuan respectively, but this could not dispel the tragic ending. "Dropping objects from high altitude will cause five challenges. First, it will cause safety hazards, especially personal injury; The second is moral challenge, which increases the contradiction between neighbors and upstairs and downstairs; Third, legal challenges, the existing laws are not enough to cover the disputes caused by falling objects from high altitude, some can not get compensation, and some may sentence all households to compensation; Fourth, management challenges bring more thoughts to property management and social governance; The fifth is the economic challenge, which brings economic pressure to the families of the victims and the perpetrators, and the amount of compensation is millions. " Li Chaoshu, a wise man in committee of 100 and president of Shenzhen Brand Building Promotion Association, said.

　　Lin Zhiping, a member of the Civil Affairs Committee of Shenzhen Lawyers Association and a senior partner of Guangdong Ruiting Law Firm, gave a professional explanation for high-altitude parabolic objects and falling objects: "Parabolic objects are subjectively intentional, well-known and controllable, and falling objects are like doors and windows falling off and falling by themselves after years of disrepair. The biggest difference between them is that they bear different responsibilities. If it is parabolic, it may involve criminal responsibility; If it is just a falling object, the main responsibility is civil liability. "

　　Tang Heping, the representative of the vice president of Shenzhen Emergency Industry Association, also gave a set of data, saying that since 2015, there have been 561 cases of falling objects from high altitude, including 120 cases of falling objects from high altitude and 441 cases of falling objects from high altitude, with man-made throwing accounting for 21%. Therefore, it is more important to track the subjective parabolic danger.

　　"Now there are many parabolic phenomena in the villages in the city." Tang Heping said that in order to prevent falling objects from high altitude, some communities have installed anti-falling nets, but some old communities and villages in the city are still not installed.

　　"Sidewalks should be away from buildings"

　　"At present, falling objects, fires, electric leakage, falling and burglary have become the most fatal safety hazards in property management, and they are also the compensation for five major accidents in property management enterprises. However, once a falling object is thrown in the community, it will point the finger at the property management industry, which is actually a misunderstanding. " Zeng Tao, president of Shenzhen Property Management Association, said.

　　Zeng Tao believes that the core value of property management is to make the use state of buildings, ancillary facilities and public parts as close as possible to the safe state at the time of acceptance through professional and technical means. As long as the realty service enterprise can fulfill the responsibility of maintaining the shared facilities and public parts of buildings such as exterior walls and roads according to laws and regulations, and at the same time fulfill the obligation of informing, stopping and reporting potential safety hazards and accidents, it should be exempted from liability.

　　"Property management exactly want to be responsible for? Yes, it is the responsibility agreed in the property service contract. For the proprietary parts of the owners, such as balconies, windows, etc., the property service enterprises can only play a role of reminding and assisting, and there are no laws and regulations that have clear requirements for the home inspection and compulsory maintenance of property service enterprises. " Zeng Tao said that this is also the reason why the property company does not have to pay compensation in the case of falling from a window and killing a boy.

　　Regarding how to supervise the throwing of falling objects from high altitude, Zeng Tao believes that, first, it is necessary to reduce the falling ways of falling objects; The second is the way to reduce injuries caused by falling objects. "It is suggested that the government require the development and construction units to provide relevant measures to prevent falling objects in the project planning and design stage, which has been implemented in many countries and regions, otherwise it will not enter the construction stage at all. In road design, the sidewalk should be as far away from the external wall of the building or as far as possible inside the building, and a barrier layer should be set on the sidewalk close to the external wall of the building. You can refer to the design of community corridors in Hong Kong, which can not only shelter from the wind and rain, but also connect various communities and commercial areas to minimize the risk of falling objects and parabolic injuries. " Zeng Tao said that property service enterprises should intervene in the planning and design stage of real estate projects as soon as possible, put forward professional opinions, and intercept hidden dangers at the source.

　　Use 3D robot or infrared imaging technology to prevent falling objects.

　　"I hope that the government will legislate for this and use compulsory means to investigate the responsibility of high-altitude parabolic people. At the same time, effectively monitor high-altitude parabolic objects, such as installation monitoring on each floor, and improve the prevention of high-altitude parabolic objects through technical means. " Li Chaoshu said that in Hong Kong, China, Tokyo, and Singapore, there will be an annual or biennial investigation on the security risks of windows, air conditioners, curtain walls, and glass. The United States has also taken corresponding measures to prevent falling objects. For example, most high-rise buildings have platforms or sun visors on the second floor to block falling objects. Every building is surrounded by grass instead of roads, so people will not easily enter this area.

　　Tang Heping believes that "anti-falling technology" should also be considered while preventing people from falling from high altitude. For example, there should be strict requirements for window switches and stay bars of high-rise buildings, flowerpots should be installed as much as possible for greening, and precautions should be taken when designing and decorating houses. In addition, camera monitoring with snapshot technology should be installed to supervise the high altitude full-time.

　　Han Hongjie, technical director of Zhongyu (Guangdong) Technology Co., Ltd. suggested that modern scientific and technological means should be brought into play, and third-party professional technical detection means, such as 3D robot stereo scanning and infrared imaging, should be introduced to supervise falling objects and parabolic objects. The grid operator takes a snapshot of the terminal, then summarizes and classifies the data, and immediately deals with the first-class hidden danger. "It is recommended to conduct investigations within six months to one year. After special weather or disasters, tests should be carried out, and pre-disaster risk prevention should be self-examined. For example, before the typhoon comes, the third party should intervene after the typhoon, starting from the source, and treating the root cause and the symptoms." Han Hongjie said.

Wang Yu, expert consultant of Boao Forum for Asia Global Health Forum.

Cctv news(Intern reporter Huang Jiong-rui)On April 20th, during the International Forum of Health Industry of Boao Forum for Asia, China Medical Equipment Association issued the group standard "Rational Use of Antibiotics in Primary Medical Institutions for Village Clinics". According to reports, the release of this standard can provide reference, practical and detailed equipment configuration standards for rational use of antibacterial drugs for primary medical institutions and village clinics. Gradually reverse the unreasonable drug use situation in which primary doctors use drugs by experience and prefer drugs.

In 2013, the United Nations identified antibiotic resistance as one of the global health priorities in the 21st century. In 2021, the World Health Organization described bacterial resistance as a chronic epidemic. It has become increasingly difficult to develop new and efficient antibiotics to deal with drug-resistant and even multidrug-resistant bacteria. Rational use of antibiotics is the most important measure to overcome bacterial resistance and exert curative effect.

Village clinics are the foundation of rural medical and health service system, and the majority of rural doctors have long relied on "three things" — — Stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, thermometer. The educational method of calling for grassroots medical staff who lack clinical laboratory conditions to use antibiotics according to whether patients are infected with bacteria has little effect. Wang Yu, an expert consultant at the Global Health Forum of Boao Forum for Asia, said that most of China’s 592,200 village clinics do not have the conditions to check blood cells. Doctors use drugs according to experience, which tends to lead to unreasonable or overuse of antibiotics.

In order to standardize the application control of antibacterial drugs in primary medical institutions, popularize the application of POCT equipment for checking peripheral blood leukocytes, and further implement the national regulations and medical reform policies of graded diagnosis and treatment and integrated services in China, China Medical Equipment Association invited domestic hospitals, research institutions and enterprise experts to jointly compile the equipment configuration standards for rational use of antibacterial drugs in primary medical institutions, which are divided into four aspects: current situation and necessity, working conditions and contents of the standards, principles and main contents of the standards, and publicity measures.

Village clinics are the bottom of rural medical and health services, which are related to the health and life safety of the broad masses of farmers. By equipping village clinics with appropriate technical products, we can further strengthen the capacity building of village clinics, strengthen the basic medical service function of the first health defense line, and provide grassroots solutions for solving major global public health problems such as bacterial resistance.

　　[car home domestic spy photos] Recently, we received the latest spy photos of the suspected M8 from relevant channels, and it is expected that the car will be officially unveiled at the end of this year.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

"Ask the M8 Camouflage Car"

『(|)』

　　The camouflage car exposed this time is a 6-seat model, and it is judged that it is not the previously guessed 5-seat version of the M9. However, the overall posture and outline are similar to the current M9, including the size of the car, and it is expected that the overall size will not shrink significantly. Through comparison, it is found that the shape of the front face of the new car is more inclined to the boundary M7, because the shape of the front cabin cover is straighter and the edge shape of the headlight is similar to that of the boundary M7.

"Ask the M8 Camouflage Car"

"Ask the world M9"

"Ask the M8 Camouflage Car"

　　Compared with the M9, the spy car has a short front suspension design, which can reserve more internal space when the body size is reduced. In other respects, spy photos show that the new car has cancelled the roof rack and the roof lidar.

"Ask the M8 Camouflage Car"

　　Previously exposed spy photos show that it is expected that the M8 will be equipped with the same taillight as the M9, and it has the same lamp programming function. (Compile/car home Dai Wei)

Statistical Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development in Panzhihua City in 2020

　　Panzhihua statistics bureau

　　In 2020, in the face of the severe and complicated macroeconomic situation, especially the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the whole city will firmly follow the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, and make overall plans to promote the prevention and control of the epidemic and economic and social development, with the focus on "agriculture making multiple contributions, industry taking the lead, investment playing the leading role and consumption promoting upgrading", and do a solid job of "six stabilities" and fully implement it.

I. Synthesis

　　According to the preliminary results of unified accounting of regional GDP, the regional GDP of Panzhihua City in 2020 was 104.082 billion yuan, calculated at comparable prices, up by 3.9% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 9.69 billion yuan, up 5.1%, contributing 8.6% to economic growth, driving economic growth by 0.33 percentage points; The added value of the secondary industry was 55.839 billion yuan, up by 4.4%, contributing 74.8% to the economic growth, driving the economic growth by 2.90 percentage points; The added value of the tertiary industry was 38.553 billion yuan, up by 2.4%, contributing 16.6% to the economic growth, driving the economic growth by 0.64 percentage points. The tertiary industrial structure was adjusted from 9.2:54.9:35.9 in the previous year to 9.3:53.6:37.1. The added value of the city’s private economy reached 55.729 billion yuan, up 2.9%, accounting for 53.5% of GDP, and the contribution rate of the private economy to the city’s economy was 41.0%.

　　In the whole year, the regional GDP of the eastern region reached 44.539 billion yuan, an increase of 4.1%; The western region achieved a GDP of 8.291 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; Renhe District achieved a regional GDP of 22.855 billion yuan, an increase of 3.6%; Miyi County achieved a regional GDP of 15.568 billion yuan, an increase of 4.2%; Yanbian County achieved a regional GDP of 12.829 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%.

Second, agriculture

　　The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 14.885 billion yuan, an increase of 5.6%. Among them, the agricultural output value was 10.53 billion yuan, an increase of 9.8%; The output value of forestry was 216 million yuan, up by 3.1%; The output value of animal husbandry was 3.776 billion yuan, an increase of 6%; The fishery output value was 232 million yuan, down 9.2%; The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery professional and auxiliary activities was 131 million yuan, an increase of 9.7%.

　　The annual grain planting area was 677,000 mu, down by 0.1%; The sown area of oilseeds was 2,665 hectares, down by 1.3%; Tobacco planting area is 5074 hectares, up by 0.9%; The planting area of vegetables and edible fungi was 16,845 hectares, an increase of 3.8%.

　　The total annual grain output was 258,500 tons, an increase of 0.8%; Oil production was 4,137 tons, down by 1.5%; The output of tobacco leaves was 10097 tons, down by 1.9%; The output of vegetables and edible fungi was 926,326 tons, an increase of 5.9%; The total fruit output was 481,741 tons, an increase of 9.7%. The total output of meat was 56,500 tons, an increase of 8.9%. Among them, the output of pork was 36,800 tons, an increase of 12.7%; The beef output was 4,500 tons, an increase of 2.3%; The output of mutton was 7,500 tons, up by 2.0%.

　　The afforestation area was 3,466 hectares, the nature reserve area was 99,938.3 hectares, and the forest coverage rate reached 62.12%. The total power of agricultural machinery reached 718,000 kilowatts, an increase of 1.6%; The burden area of mechanized farming is 58,148 hectares; At the end of the year, the effective irrigation area was 44.87 thousand hectares, and the number of irrigation and drainage machinery was 9996.

III. Industry and Construction Industry

　　The total industrial added value of the whole year was 47.906 billion yuan, up by 4.5%, and the contribution rate to economic growth was 69.8%.

　　At the end of the year, there were 349 industrial enterprises above designated size, and the production and sales rate of industrial enterprises above designated size was 97.9%; Realized operating income of 192.227 billion yuan, up by 3.6%; Operating cost was 163.577 billion yuan, an increase of 2.1%; Assets totaled 270.645 billion yuan, up 2.7%.

　　In 2001, there were 101 general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises above the qualification level, achieving a total output value of 25.229 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6%. The added value of the construction industry in the whole year was 8.028 billion yuan, up by 3.1%.

IV. Investment in fixed assets

　　The investment in fixed assets of the whole society increased by 10% in the whole year, of which private investment increased by 17.5%. From the perspective of three industries, investment in the primary industry decreased by 2.5%, investment in the secondary industry increased by 12.6%, and investment in the tertiary industry increased by 9.5%. From the structural point of view, infrastructure investment increased by 4.4%, industrial investment increased by 17.7%, and investment in people’s livelihood and social undertakings increased by 5.0%; Investment in real estate development increased by 1.1%.

　　The annual housing construction area was 6,238,300 square meters, down by 25.1%; The completed housing area was 607,900 square meters, down 6%; The sales area of commercial housing was 1,592,200 square meters, an increase of 4.3%; The area of commercial housing for sale was 628,500 square meters, an increase of 31.7%.

V. Domestic Trade and Tourism

　　The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 23.515 billion yuan, down by 2.2%. According to the business location, the retail sales of urban consumer goods reached 21.475 billion yuan, down 2.3%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods was 2.039 billion yuan, down by 1.4%. According to consumption patterns, retail sales of commodities reached 20.51 billion yuan, down by 1.3%; Catering revenue was 3.005 billion yuan, down 8.3%.

　　The total tourism revenue for the whole year was 31.391 billion yuan, down by 24.5%. The total number of tourists received was 21,974,700, down by 27.1%, and there were 15 star-rated hotels and guesthouses.

VI. Foreign Economy

　　In the whole year, the investment funds reached 78.884 billion yuan, an increase of 1.9%, of which: domestic and foreign funds reached 32.912 billion yuan, an increase of 2.4%; The funds in place in the province were 45.972 billion yuan, an increase of 1.5%.

　　The total import and export volume reached 3.043 billion yuan, down 4.1%. Among them, the total export value was 1.191 billion yuan, down by 10.8%; The total import value was 1.851 billion yuan, up by 0.8%.

Seven, transportation, communication and post and telecommunications

　　The city has 4321.93 kilometers of graded highways and 233 kilometers of expressways. In 2001, 13.2 million passengers were transported by road, with a passenger turnover of 520.91 million person-kilometers, a cargo turnover of 81.33 million tons and a cargo turnover of 5,378.35 million tons-kilometers. The number of motor vehicles in the city is 310,500, including 214,400 cars and 191,300 private cars. 94,300 motorcycles; There are 11,400 operating vehicles and 1,570 taxis.

　　The operating mileage of domestic railways was 181.6 kilometers, which was the same as that of the previous year; There are 18 railway stations in China; In 2001, 820,000 passengers and 23,168,700 tons of freight were transported by railway. The passenger turnover of waterway is 14,094,500 person-kilometers, and the freight turnover of waterway is 19,722,300 ton-kilometers.

　　In 2001, the revenue from the main business of posts and telecommunications was 1.745 billion yuan, including 992 million yuan from the main business of telecommunications and 753 million yuan from the main business of postal services. At the end of the year, there were 69 post offices (offices); The annual circulation of newspapers and periodicals was 17.3142 million; 250,200 letters; The express delivery business volume was 44.5431 million pieces. At the end of the year, there were 355,600 fixed-line users; At the end of the year, there were 1.45 million mobile phone users, including 482,000 Internet users.

VIII. Finance, Taxation, Finance and Insurance

　　The annual general public budget revenue was 6.825 billion yuan, an increase of 8.4%. The general public budget expenditure was 15.947 billion yuan, an increase of 16.1%.

　　In the whole year, the revenue of the tax bureau was 13.153 billion yuan, up by 12.9%, of which the total tax revenue was 9.895 billion yuan, up by 2.3%. The value-added tax was 5.037 billion yuan, down 6.2%; The consumption tax was 148 million yuan, down by 18.7%.

　　At the end of the year, the balance of RMB deposits in financial institutions was 111.302 billion yuan, an increase of 3.238 billion yuan or 3% over the beginning of the year. Among them, the balance of household deposits was 77.882 billion yuan, an increase of 6.596 billion yuan or 9.3% over the beginning of the year. The balance of RMB loans of financial institutions was 70.559 billion yuan, down 12.074 billion yuan or 14.6% from the beginning of the year.

　　At the end of the year, there were 19 insurance companies, and the annual premium income was 2.964 billion yuan, including 941 million yuan for property insurance and 2.023 billion yuan for life insurance. Insurance indemnity expenditure was 863 million yuan, including 450 million yuan for property insurance and 408 million yuan for life insurance.

IX. Education, Science and Technology

　　The city has 3 colleges and universities, 55 secondary schools, 5 secondary vocational schools, 53 primary schools and 185 kindergartens. There are 25,785 students in ordinary colleges and universities; There are 70,847 students in ordinary secondary schools (including secondary vocational schools), including 59,121 students in ordinary secondary schools; 66,153 primary school students; The number of children in the park is 32874. The total number of full-time teachers is 13,735, including 5,824 in ordinary secondary schools (including secondary vocational schools) and 4,713 in primary schools. The enrollment rate of school-age children is 100%, and the qualification rate of primary school teachers is 100%.

　　The main business income of high-tech industries in the whole year was 60.11 billion yuan; There are 13 provincial science and technology progress awards, including 1 first prize, 5 second prizes and 7 third prizes.

　　The city has 77,512 domestic professional technicians, including 32,468 with intermediate titles and above, and 599 agricultural technicians.

X. Culture, Health and Sports

　　The city has 4 museums and exhibition halls; There are 6 cultural (art) museums and 61 cultural stations; 6 theaters; There are 6 public libraries with a total collection of 913,400 volumes (excluding e-books). There are 39 township radio and television stations, and all 230 administrative villages are open to radio and television. The comprehensive population coverage rate of radio programs was 99.78%, an increase of 0.54 percentage points over the previous year; The comprehensive population coverage rate of TV programs was 100%, an increase of 0.43 percentage points over the previous year.

　　There are 1009 medical and health institutions in the city, including 27 hospitals, 44 hospitals, 21 community health service centers, 6 centers for disease control and prevention, and 6 maternal and child health stations. The number of beds in medical and health institutions in the city is 10389; There are 10,902 health technicians, including 4,020 licensed (assistant) doctors and 5,127 registered nurses. The mortality rate of children under 5 years old is 4.44‰ The proportion of delivery in hospital was 99.9%.

　　The city has 28 stadiums (gymnasiums), 59 sports social organizations at all levels, 759 national fitness paths and 273 social sports guidance stations. All kinds of sports teams in the city won 2 gold medals, 6 silver medals and 9 bronze medals in national competitions; There are 32 gold medals, 18 silver medals and 40 bronze medals in provincial competitions. Fifty national fitness activities were held throughout the year, with 80,000 participants.

XI. Environmental Protection and Safety in Production

　　The excellent rate of air quality in the city is 98.6%. The harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in the city is 100%. The city’s energy consumption per unit GDP decreased by 2.2%. The forest coverage rate is 62.12%.

　　The annual average temperature in the city is on the high side, with good light and temperature conditions, normal precipitation, normal sunshine hours and normal relative humidity. June — The rainfall in October accounted for more than 88% of the whole year. During the flood season, there were three regional rainstorm processes, and some areas experienced heavy rains, floods and other disasters.

　　There were 37 production safety accidents in the whole year, with 37 deaths and 7 injuries.

XII. Population

　　At the end of the year, the total registered population was 1,079,800, of which 504,800 were agricultural and 575,000 were non-agricultural. There were 8,556 people born in that year and 4,935 people died in that year, with a natural population growth rate of 3.36‰ . At the end of the year, the resident population was 1,212,203, and the urban population was 843,378, accounting for 69.57%. In the whole year, 6,827 pairs of marriages and 3,826 pairs of divorces were registered.

XIII. People’s Life and Social Security

　　The annual per capita disposable income of urban residents was 44,209 yuan, an increase of 5.6%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 19,938 yuan, an increase of 8.6%.

　　The overall consumer price level (CPI) rose by 4% in the whole year, among which: the price of food, alcohol and tobacco rose by 14.3%, the price of clothing fell by 0.7%, the price of residence fell by 1.7%, the price of daily necessities and services fell by 0.9%, the price of transportation and communication fell by 1.1 percentage points, the price of education, culture and entertainment was flat, the price of medical care fell by 0.5%, and the price of other supplies and services rose by 3.8%. The retail price of commodities rose by 3.6%.

　　The sampling survey shows that in 2020, the per capita housing construction area of urban residents is 33.6 square meters, and 94.6% of urban households have their own housing property rights; 94.1% of urban households live in unit houses.

　　The number of people participating in endowment insurance in the city is 826,000; The number of people participating in medical insurance is 1,104,400; The number of people participating in unemployment insurance is 174,000; The number of people participating in work-related injury insurance is 227,800; The number of people participating in maternity insurance was 186,200. The registered urban unemployment rate is 3.77%.

　　The number of people enjoying the minimum living guarantee for urban residents in the city was 6,238, a decrease of 367; The number of people enjoying the minimum living guarantee for rural residents was 21,360, an increase of 9,781; The number of people with two subsidies for the disabled is 15,078 (including five guarantees, city insurance and agricultural household insurance). The city has 96 social welfare adoption units with 9234 beds; There are 4 social welfare homes with 710 beds; There are 22 rural nursing homes with 1974 beds.

　　Note: 1. The data in the bulletin are preliminary statistics, and the official data are subject to Panzhihua Statistical Yearbook -2021.

　　2. The gross domestic product (GDP) and the total added value of various industries and related industries in the communique are calculated at the current price, and the growth rate is calculated at comparable prices.

　　3. The data of forestry, fishery, agricultural mechanization, transportation, postal services, telecommunications, finance, insurance, tourism, foreign trade, finance, taxation, education, science and technology, culture, health, sports, environmental protection, population, prices and social security in the bulletin come from the municipal departments in charge of various industries.

With a loud cry, the newborn arrived in the expectation of his parents, and soon he will be vaccinated. As a novice parent, do you know about the vaccines that newborns need to be vaccinated? I hope the following strategies can help you.

Why should newborns be vaccinated?

After the baby is born, it needs to be vaccinated according to the national immunization program, which is the most effective, economical and reliable method to establish an immune barrier for the newborn. Newborns need to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and BCG.

Mother-to-child transmission is the main route of hepatitis B virus infection, and 30% ~ 50% of chronic hepatitis B patients are infected through mother-to-child transmission. The proportion of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in newborns and children is 80% ~ 90% and 30% ~ 50%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that in adolescents and adults (5% ~ 10%). Therefore, blocking mother-to-child transmission is a necessary means to control the epidemic of hepatitis B and reduce the harm caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that is routinely vaccinated at birth at home and abroad.

The protective effect of BCG vaccine is mainly achieved by inducing cell-mediated immune response. After inoculation with BCG vaccine, immunity is generated 4 ~ 8 weeks, and the immunity can last for more than 3 years.

Is it safe to vaccinate newborns?

As the competent department of vaccination, CDC organizes procurement in a unified way, and all vaccination units cannot accept vaccines provided by units or individuals other than CDC. Inoculation personnel must also obtain relevant qualification certificates before they can take up their posts, and receive relevant training and assessment every year. Therefore, as long as you choose a regular hospital to vaccinate your baby, it is very safe and secure.

Must I be vaccinated?

Article 6 of the Vaccine Management Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC): Residents living in China shall have the right to vaccinate the EPI according to law and fulfill the obligation to vaccinate the EPI. The government shall provide immunization program vaccine to residents free of charge, and the government and its relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization program vaccine, and guardians shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization program vaccine on time according to law.

Do I have to pay for vaccination?

The immunization program vaccine prescribed by the government is free, and the vaccine other than the non-immunization program vaccine that is voluntarily vaccinated needs to be charged. The hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccine mentioned here are all immunization programs and are provided free of charge.

What is hepatitis B vaccine?

Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B, which requires three doses, the first dose at birth, the second dose one month and the third dose six months.

Before vaccination, you need to sign an "informed consent form", and the staff will introduce the vaccinated vaccine in detail. As the guardian of the newborn, this consent form is signed by Bao Da or Bao Ma, and the consent form must clearly indicate "consent" or "disapproval" for vaccination.

What should we pay attention to when vaccinating hepatitis B vaccine?

The newborn is evaluated by medical staff at birth, and weighs 2000g g. Generally, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine can be inoculated when it is in good condition, and it can be inoculated in the deltoid muscle outside the upper arm by intramuscular injection.

According to the monitoring results of HBsAg (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) of each mother, the vaccination of newborns with hepatitis B vaccine will be different accordingly. The following information can be used for reference:

1. The HBsAg positive mother or mother has not tested HBsAg, and the weight of the newborn is ≥ 2,000 g.

Inoculate 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of "0, 1 and 6 months" (i.e. 1 dose at birth, 1 month old and 6 months old). According to the doctor’s advice, the delivery hospital inoculated the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours after birth. Community vaccination clinics provide follow-up doses of hepatitis B vaccination.

2. HBsAg positive mother or mother did not test HBsAg, and the weight of the newborn was less than ＜2000g g.

According to the immunization program of "0, 1, 2 and 7 months" (i.e. 1 dose at birth, 1 month old, 2 months old and 7 months old), 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine were inoculated. According to the doctor’s advice, the delivery hospital inoculated the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours after birth. After the child reaches the age of 1 month, it is suggested to inform the community of the HBsAg test results of the mother of the child in the vaccination clinic and provide the information of the child’s low weight. The community vaccination outpatient doctor will vaccinate the child with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine at the age of 1, 2 and 7 months.

Children whose mothers are HBsAg positive: It is suggested that HBsAg and anti -HBs should be tested 1-2 months after the last dose of hepatitis B vaccine. If HBsAg is negative and anti-HBS is less than 10 miu/ml, the test results should be informed to the community vaccination clinic. The community vaccination clinic doctor will vaccinate your child with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the "0, 1 and 6 months" immunization program, so as to produce better protection.

3. Newborns born to 3．HBsAg negative mothers

Inoculate 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of "0, 1 and 6 months". The delivery hospital vaccinates the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth according to the doctor’s advice. Community vaccination clinics provide follow-up doses of hepatitis B vaccination.

What is BCG?

BCG vaccine is a live vaccine made from attenuated suspension of Mycobacterium bovis, which is mainly used to prevent tuberculosis infection in childhood.

What should I pay attention to when inoculating BCG?

China’s vaccination plan stipulates that newborns with birth weight ≥2500g and generally in good condition should be vaccinated after birth. Premature infants, low-birth-weight infants, critically ill infants, etc. should be suspended from vaccination until their weight reaches the standard, their diseases are cured or their symptoms are stable. BCG was inoculated on the lower side of the middle part of the deltoid muscle outside the upper arm, and intradermal injection was used. During injection, a round raised Pitching was formed at the injection site, the surface skin turned white and the pores became larger, and then the injection was completed.

Under normal circumstances, after 2 ~ 3 weeks of BCG vaccination, erythema or papules appear locally at the inoculation site, which gradually soften to form white pustules, which can burst and scab on their own; After 8 ~ 12 weeks, the scab will fall off, and a permanent scar with a diameter of about 0.5-1cm will be formed on the upper arm skin, which is called "scar". Children who have been vaccinated with BCG will not be replanted even if the scar is not formed.

The normal local reaction of BCG vaccination generally does not need special treatment, but attention should be paid to nursing. On the day of inoculation, the injection site should be kept locally dry and clean. During the period of suppuration, prevent from getting wet, and don’t touch it often. After the pustule breaks and scabs, wait for the scab skin to fall off naturally, and don’t remove it early or dig it with your hands to prevent secondary infection. It is important to note that the inoculation site cannot be hot-pressed and squeezed.

How do babies who are not vaccinated get vaccinated again?

Because the birth weight of hepatitis B vaccine is less than 2000g, the baby should reach 2000g and go to the inoculation point for supplementary vaccination within 3 months.

Babies who have not been vaccinated with BCG can be replanted directly if they are less than 3 months old; If it is between 3 months and 3 years old, it is necessary to carry out tuberculin test (PPD) first, and if the result is negative, it can be replanted; Children aged 4 and above are no longer replanted.

Cctv news(Reporter Kan Chunyu): Recently, some media reported that notices were issued in many places across the country, and the failure to vaccinate COVID-19 vaccine would affect travel. Some netizens questioned that this move was compulsory vaccination. In this regard, CCTV reporters conducted an interview.

The staff of the Outreach Center of Ninghai County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province told CCTV reporters that the documents currently implemented are based on the documents released by Ninghai on WeChat WeChat official account on July 12th. The document emphasizes: "According to the needs of the epidemic prevention and control situation, the contents of the notice issued on July 11 will be adjusted, and this one shall prevail." The new document deleted "In principle, people who have not been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine (except contraindications) are not allowed to enter … … The expression of "key places" only requires the implementation of "two-code joint investigation" of health code and Phnom Penh identification code after COVID-19 vaccination in crowded places. The staff member said that for unvaccinated people, only vaccination is mobilized, and key places are not required to be banned.

The latest circular issued by liandu, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province also requires key places to register and mobilize unvaccinated personnel, and encourages various service industries to take the initiative to introduce preferential consumption measures for those who have been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. The staff of liandu Administrative Service Examination and Approval Center in Lishui said in an interview with CCTV reporter that at present, only those who have not been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine need to register to enter the center. The staff of liandu COVID-19 Vaccination Shelter said that I need to bring my ID card, medical record or hospital certificate to issue the "COVID-19 Vaccination Contraindication Certificate". He revealed that there are currently "many" people who issue certificates at the inoculation point.

Fu Yiqiu, a staff member of COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters in Chongren County, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province, said that people with vaccination contraindications need to go to county hospitals to issue contraindications. "In fact, our township hospitals and village committees have mastered first-hand information". Fu Yiqiu said that about 80% of the registered population over the age of 18 in Chongren County has been vaccinated. "Anyone who can be vaccinated has been vaccinated. If there is a risk, the doctor will evaluate it." In order to build an immune barrier, Chongren county also mobilized in various transportation hubs and key places to persuade foreigners to vaccinate at mobile vaccination sites.

Dingnan county, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, announced that from July 26th, in principle, people who have not been vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine will not be allowed to enter supermarkets, hospitals, schools, stations and other key public places. In this regard, the staff of dingnan county epidemic prevention and control headquarters said that one shot of vaccine can enter the above-mentioned key places. Dingnan county CDC staff said: "It is impossible to force vaccination, just to mobilize everyone’s enthusiasm. The document also says ‘ In principle ’ It depends on the final execution. "

The staff of COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters in Anyuan County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, said in an interview that the move was in response to the country’s request to improve the vaccination rate of COVID-19. "All localities should push towards this goal. If there is no certain intensity and certain measures, such a goal will not be achieved."