With a loud cry, the newborn arrived in the expectation of his parents, and soon he will be vaccinated. As a novice parent, do you know about the vaccines that newborns need to be vaccinated? I hope the following strategies can help you.
Why should newborns be vaccinated?
After the baby is born, it needs to be vaccinated according to the national immunization program, which is the most effective, economical and reliable method to establish an immune barrier for the newborn. Newborns need to be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and BCG.
Mother-to-child transmission is the main route of hepatitis B virus infection, and 30% ~ 50% of chronic hepatitis B patients are infected through mother-to-child transmission. The proportion of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in newborns and children is 80% ~ 90% and 30% ~ 50%, respectively, which is significantly higher than that in adolescents and adults (5% ~ 10%). Therefore, blocking mother-to-child transmission is a necessary means to control the epidemic of hepatitis B and reduce the harm caused by hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that is routinely vaccinated at birth at home and abroad.
The protective effect of BCG vaccine is mainly achieved by inducing cell-mediated immune response. After inoculation with BCG vaccine, immunity is generated 4 ~ 8 weeks, and the immunity can last for more than 3 years.
Is it safe to vaccinate newborns?
As the competent department of vaccination, CDC organizes procurement in a unified way, and all vaccination units cannot accept vaccines provided by units or individuals other than CDC. Inoculation personnel must also obtain relevant qualification certificates before they can take up their posts, and receive relevant training and assessment every year. Therefore, as long as you choose a regular hospital to vaccinate your baby, it is very safe and secure.
Must I be vaccinated?
Article 6 of the Vaccine Management Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC): Residents living in China shall have the right to vaccinate the EPI according to law and fulfill the obligation to vaccinate the EPI. The government shall provide immunization program vaccine to residents free of charge, and the government and its relevant departments shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization program vaccine, and guardians shall ensure that school-age children are vaccinated with immunization program vaccine on time according to law.
Do I have to pay for vaccination?
The immunization program vaccine prescribed by the government is free, and the vaccine other than the non-immunization program vaccine that is voluntarily vaccinated needs to be charged. The hepatitis B vaccine and BCG vaccine mentioned here are all immunization programs and are provided free of charge.
What is hepatitis B vaccine?
Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B, which requires three doses, the first dose at birth, the second dose one month and the third dose six months.
Before vaccination, you need to sign an "informed consent form", and the staff will introduce the vaccinated vaccine in detail. As the guardian of the newborn, this consent form is signed by Bao Da or Bao Ma, and the consent form must clearly indicate "consent" or "disapproval" for vaccination.
What should we pay attention to when vaccinating hepatitis B vaccine?
The newborn is evaluated by medical staff at birth, and weighs 2000g g. Generally, the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine can be inoculated when it is in good condition, and it can be inoculated in the deltoid muscle outside the upper arm by intramuscular injection.
According to the monitoring results of HBsAg (hepatitis B virus surface antigen) of each mother, the vaccination of newborns with hepatitis B vaccine will be different accordingly. The following information can be used for reference:
1. The HBsAg positive mother or mother has not tested HBsAg, and the weight of the newborn is ≥ 2,000 g.
Inoculate 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of "0, 1 and 6 months" (i.e. 1 dose at birth, 1 month old and 6 months old). According to the doctor’s advice, the delivery hospital inoculated the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours after birth. Community vaccination clinics provide follow-up doses of hepatitis B vaccination.
2. HBsAg positive mother or mother did not test HBsAg, and the weight of the newborn was less than ＜2000g g.
According to the immunization program of "0, 1, 2 and 7 months" (i.e. 1 dose at birth, 1 month old, 2 months old and 7 months old), 4 doses of hepatitis B vaccine were inoculated. According to the doctor’s advice, the delivery hospital inoculated the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine and injected hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours after birth. After the child reaches the age of 1 month, it is suggested to inform the community of the HBsAg test results of the mother of the child in the vaccination clinic and provide the information of the child’s low weight. The community vaccination outpatient doctor will vaccinate the child with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine at the age of 1, 2 and 7 months.
Children whose mothers are HBsAg positive: It is suggested that HBsAg and anti -HBs should be tested 1-2 months after the last dose of hepatitis B vaccine. If HBsAg is negative and anti-HBS is less than 10 miu/ml, the test results should be informed to the community vaccination clinic. The community vaccination clinic doctor will vaccinate your child with 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the "0, 1 and 6 months" immunization program, so as to produce better protection.
3. Newborns born to 3．HBsAg negative mothers
Inoculate 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine according to the immunization program of "0, 1 and 6 months". The delivery hospital vaccinates the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth according to the doctor’s advice. Community vaccination clinics provide follow-up doses of hepatitis B vaccination.
What is BCG?
BCG vaccine is a live vaccine made from attenuated suspension of Mycobacterium bovis, which is mainly used to prevent tuberculosis infection in childhood.
What should I pay attention to when inoculating BCG?
China’s vaccination plan stipulates that newborns with birth weight ≥2500g and generally in good condition should be vaccinated after birth. Premature infants, low-birth-weight infants, critically ill infants, etc. should be suspended from vaccination until their weight reaches the standard, their diseases are cured or their symptoms are stable. BCG was inoculated on the lower side of the middle part of the deltoid muscle outside the upper arm, and intradermal injection was used. During injection, a round raised Pitching was formed at the injection site, the surface skin turned white and the pores became larger, and then the injection was completed.
Under normal circumstances, after 2 ~ 3 weeks of BCG vaccination, erythema or papules appear locally at the inoculation site, which gradually soften to form white pustules, which can burst and scab on their own; After 8 ~ 12 weeks, the scab will fall off, and a permanent scar with a diameter of about 0.5-1cm will be formed on the upper arm skin, which is called "scar". Children who have been vaccinated with BCG will not be replanted even if the scar is not formed.
The normal local reaction of BCG vaccination generally does not need special treatment, but attention should be paid to nursing. On the day of inoculation, the injection site should be kept locally dry and clean. During the period of suppuration, prevent from getting wet, and don’t touch it often. After the pustule breaks and scabs, wait for the scab skin to fall off naturally, and don’t remove it early or dig it with your hands to prevent secondary infection. It is important to note that the inoculation site cannot be hot-pressed and squeezed.
How do babies who are not vaccinated get vaccinated again?
Because the birth weight of hepatitis B vaccine is less than 2000g, the baby should reach 2000g and go to the inoculation point for supplementary vaccination within 3 months.
Babies who have not been vaccinated with BCG can be replanted directly if they are less than 3 months old; If it is between 3 months and 3 years old, it is necessary to carry out tuberculin test (PPD) first, and if the result is negative, it can be replanted; Children aged 4 and above are no longer replanted.
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